Deck 10: The Muscular System

Question 1

A wheelbarrow is a good example of a second-class lever.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The deltoid is a prime mover of the arm that acts in adduction.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Muscles connecting to the hyoid bone are important for swallowing and speech.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Although all skeletal muscles have different shapes, the fascicle arrangement of each muscle is exactly the same.

Question 5

Both first- and second-class levers operate at a mechanical disadvantage.

Question 6

The soleus is an antagonist of the gastrocnemius during plantar flexion.

Question 7

Muscle spasms of the back often are due to the erector spinae contraction.

Question 8

The broadest muscle of the back is the latissimus dorsi.

Question 9

Muscles are only able to pull, they never push.

Question 10

Muscles that help maintain upright posture are fixators.

Question 11

The major head flexors are the sternocleidomastoid muscles, with the help of the muscles attached to the hyoid bone.

Question 12

The calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon) is the largest tendon in the body.

Question 13

The buccinator muscle compresses the cheek and is well developed in nursing infants.

Question 14

Muscles that help to maintain posture are best described as synergists.

Question 15

In order to propel food down to the esophagus, the pharyngeal constrictor muscles are used.

Question 16

Deep muscles of the thorax promote movements for breathing.

Question 17

Regardless of type, all levers follow the same basic principle: effort farther than load from fulcrum = mechanical advantage; effort nearer than load to fulcrum = mechanical disadvantage.

Question 18

The diaphragm flattens and moves inferiorly during inspiration.

Question 19

The arrangement of a muscle's fascicles determines its range of motion and power.

Question 20

Muscle power depends mostly on the total number of muscle fibers (cells) in the muscle.

Question 21

The supraspinatus is named for its location on the posterior aspect of the scapula above the spine. What is its action?

A) to flex and adduct the humerus and to act as a synergist of the pectoralis major
B) to help hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity and rotate the humerus laterally
C) to initiate abduction of the arm, to stabilize the shoulder joint and to help prevent downward dislocation of the humerus
D) to extend and medially rotate the humerus and to act as a synergist of the latissimus dorsi

Question 22

The muscles of facial expression insert into skin or other muscles, not bones.

Question 23

The most powerful muscle in the body is the _ .

A) quadriceps femoris
B) gastrocnemius
C) rectus abdominis
D) gluteus maximus

Question 24

What muscle is primarily responsible for preventing foot drop?

A) tibialis anterior
B) fibularis tertius
C) extensor hallucis longus
D) extensor digitorum longus

Question 25

At the grocery store a cute, little curly-haired child is standing behind you in line. You turn around for a moment and she sticks her tongue out at you. Which tongue muscle did she use?

A) hyoglossus
B) orbicularis oris
C) stylohyoid
D) genioglossus

Question 26

What is the main factor that determines the power of a muscle?

A) the length
B) the shape
C) the total number of muscle fibers (cells) available for contraction
D) the number of neurons innervating it

Question 27

Which of the following muscles is involved in producing horizontal wrinkles in the forehead?

A) the temporalis
B) the frontal belly of the epicranius
C) the zygomaticus major
D) the medial pterygoid

Question 28

Which of the following muscles is NOT a rotator cuff muscle?

A) levator scapulae
B) supraspinatus
C) subscapularis
D) teres minor

Question 29

Which of the following muscles is involved in crossing one leg over the other to produce the cross-legged position?

A) the gastrocnemius
B) all of the hamstrings
C) the sartorius
D) the quadriceps femoris

Question 30

Most superficial thorax muscles are extrinsic shoulder muscles.

Question 31

Which of the following describes a bipennate pattern of fascicles?

A) An arrangement in which the fascicles insert into only one side of a tendon.
B) An arrangement that looks like many feathers side by side.
C) An arrangement in which the fascicles insert into the tendon from opposite sides.
D) An arrangement of five fascicles on each side of the tendon.

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a muscle primarily involved in the breathing process?

A) latissimus dorsi
B) internal intercostal
C) external intercostal
D) diaphragm

Question 33

Which of the following muscles inserts to the posterior calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon?

A) the semitendinosus
B) the gastrocnemius
C) the tibialis anterior
D) the sartorius

Question 34

Which of the following describes the suprahyoid muscles?

A) They move the pharynx superiorly during swallowing.
B) They depress the larynx and hyoid bone if the mandible is fixed.
C) They are a group of muscles that lie superior to the hyoid bone and help form the floor of the oral cavity.
D) They are often called strap muscles.

Question 35

If a lever operates at a mechanical advantage, it means that the .

A) lever system is useless
B) load is far from the fulcrum and the effort is applied near the fulcrum
C) effort is farther than the load from the fulcrum
D) load is near the fulcrum and the effort is applied far from the fulcrum

Question 36

Which of these is the function of the external oblique muscles?

A) extend vertebral column and head and rotates them to opposite sides
B) pull ribs toward one another to elevate the rib cage
C) elevate and adduct scapula in synergy with superior fibers of trapezius
D) flex vertebral column and compress abdominal wall

Question 37

Which type of lever is exemplified by the flexing of the forearm by the biceps brachii muscle?

A) a first-class lever
B) a second-class lever
C) a third-class lever
D) a fourth-class lever

Question 38

What is the major factor controlling how levers work?

A) the structural characteristics of the muscles of the person using the lever
B) the difference in the positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrum
C) the direction the load is being moved
D) the weight of the load

Question 39

When the term biceps, triceps, or quadriceps forms part of a muscle's name, what does it tell you about the muscle?

A) The muscle is able to change direction twice, three times, or four times faster than other muscles, respectively.
B) The muscle has two, three, or four insertions, respectively.
C) The muscle has two, three, or four functions, respectively.
D) The muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively.

Question 40

What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement called?

A) a synergist
B) a fixator
C) an agonist (prime mover)
D) an antagonist

Question 41

Which of these is NOT a way of classifying muscles?

A) the type of muscle fibers
B) muscle location
C) the type of action they cause
D) muscle shape

Question 42

Which of the following muscles is involved in inversion at the ankle joint?

A) extensor digitorum longus
B) fibularis (peroneus) tertius
C) fibularis (peroneus) longus
D) tibialis anterior

Question 43

What do the genioglossus, hyoglossus, and styloglossus muscles have in common?

A) All act on the tongue.
B) Each acts synergistically to elevate the jaw.
C) All names reflect direction of muscle fibers.
D) All names indicate the relative size of the muscle.

Question 44

What are the levers that operate at a mechanical advantage called?

A) functional levers
B) dysfunctional levers
C) power levers
D) speed levers

Question 45

Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the thigh?

A) biceps femoris
B) iliopsoas and rectus femoris
C) soleus
D) vastus medialis

Question 46

The sternocleidomastoid muscle inserts on the _ .

A) clavicle
B) sternum
C) platysma
D) mastoid process of the temporal bone

Question 47

Which of the following muscles fixes and stabilizes the pelvis during walking?

A) internal oblique
B) transversus abdominis
C) external oblique
D) rectus abdominis

Question 48

What type of muscle assists an agonist by causing a like movement or by stabilizing a joint over which an agonist acts?

A) an antagonist
B) an agonist
C) a prime mover
D) a synergist

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT a member of the hamstrings?

A) gracilis
B) semitendinosus
C) biceps femoris
D) semimembranosus

Question 50

If L = load, F = fulcrum, and E = effort, what type of lever system is described as LEF?

A) first-class lever
B) second-class lever
C) third-class lever
D) fourth-class lever

Question 51

In general, a muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces .

A) adduction
B) extension
C) abduction
D) flexion

Question 52

Tennis players often complain about pain in the arm (forearm) that swings the racquet. What muscle is usually strained under these conditions?

A) the brachioradialis
B) the triceps brachii
C) the flexor digitorum profundus
D) the anconeus

Question 53

Which of the following muscles is used to form a smile?

A) orbicularis oris
B) zygomaticus major
C) mentalis
D) corrugator supercilli

Question 54

First-class levers .

A) are used when standing on tip-toe
B) are typified by tweezers or forceps
C) have load at one end of the lever, fulcrum at the other, and effort applied somewhere in the middle
D) in the body can operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage, depending on specific location

Question 55

A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that inserts to the muscle which adults also use for whistling (orbicularis oris). What is this muscle called?

A) zygomaticus
B) buccinator
C) platysma
D) masseter

Question 56

Which of the following best describes the orbicularis oris?

A) It closes, purses, and protrudes the lips.
B) It closes the eye.
C) It draws the eyebrows together.
D) It pulls the lower lip down and back.

Question 57

Which of the following muscles is a flexor of the thigh at the hip?

A) adductor magnus
B) tibialis posterior
C) gluteus maximus
D) vastus lateralis

Question 58

A muscle that opposes, or reverses, a particular movement is a(n) .

A) antagonist
B) synergist
C) agonist (prime mover)
D) fixator

Question 59

Which muscle(s) is (are) contracted to exhale forcibly?

A) diaphragm alone
B) internal intercostals and rectus abdominus
C) rectus abdominis and diaphragm
D) external intercostals and diaphragm

Question 60

Which muscle group is involved when a "pulled groin" occurs?

A) thigh adductors
B) quadriceps
C) hamstrings
D) lateral rotators

Question 61

The is the main chewing muscle.

A) masseter
B) hyoglossus
C) lateral pterygoid
D) buccinator

Question 62

is a powerful forearm extensor at the elbow joint.

A) Brachialis
B) Biceps brachii
C) Triceps brachii
D) Brachioradialis

Question 63

The helps keep food between the grinding surfaces of the teeth during chewing.

A) risorius
B) buccinator
C) mentalis
D) orbicularis oris

Question 64

What are the components of a lever system? Describe the role of each component.

Question 65

Which of the following muscles does NOT act in plantar flexion?

A) flexor digitorum longus
B) gastrocnemius and soleus
C) tibialis posterior
D) popliteus

Question 66

An elderly woman, with extensive osteoarthritis of her left hip joint, entered the hospital to have a total hip joint replacement (prosthesis implantation). After surgery, her left hip had to be maintained in abduction to prevent dislocation of the prosthesis while healing was occurring. An abduction pillow was used to keep the legs apart, especially when lying on her side. Name the abductor muscles and describe the action of each that need to be strengthened in order to help maintain abduction.

Question 67

The is known as the "boxer's muscle."

A) biceps brachii
B) serratus anterior
C) rectus abdominis
D) flexor digitorum longus

Question 68

The is a synergist of the latissimus dorsi; it extends, medially rotates, and adducts the humerus.

A) supraspinatus
B) teres major
C) infraspinatus
D) teres minor

Question 69

Which of the following muscles serves as a common intramuscular injection site, particularly in infants as the buttocks and arm muscles are poorly developed?

A) the vastus medialis
B) the vastus lateralis
C) rectus femoris
D) the vastus intermedius

Question 70

The extends the great toe.

A) extensor hallucis longus
B) gastrocneumius
C) fibularis (peroneous)tertius
D) tibialis anterior

Question 71

Paralysis of which of the following muscles would make an individual unable to flex the knee?

A) gluteal muscles
B) soleus
C) brachioradialis
D) hamstring muscles

Question 72

Bodybuilders are known for their "great quads." Describe the quadriceps muscles.

Question 73

The quadriceps femoris is composed of three "vastus" muscles and the .

A) rectus femoris
B) semitendinosus
C) semimembranosus
D) biceps femoris

Question 74

Muscles that act as synergists seem to have valuable functions, especially in stabilizing joints. Briefly explain their functions.

Question 75

How does an antagonist differ from a prime mover (agonist)? How is it the same?

Question 76

The abnormal protrusion of the small intestine through a weak point in the muscle of the abdominal wall is called a .

A) sprain
B) hyperextension
C) hernia
D) pulled muscle

Question 77

From superficial to deep, order the transversus abdominis, external oblique and internal oblique muscles.
Describe the orientation of the muscle fibers for each of these as well as for the rectus abdominis muscles.

Question 78

A woman mentions to her friend that another person on the beach has "great abs." What is she talking about?

Question 79

The runs deep to the internal oblique.

A) latissimus dorsi
B) external oblique
C) transversus abdominis
D) rectus abdominis

Question 80

The tightens the neck and draws the corners of the mouth downward as in expressing horror.

A) sternohyoid
B) platysma
C) mentalis
D) sternocleidomastoid