Deck 7: The Skeleton

Question 1

The mastoid sinuses are located at a position in the skull where they are usually free from infections.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The vertebral column is held in place primarily by the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The tubercle of a rib articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

All of the bones of the skull, except the mandible, are united by sutures and are therefore immovable.

Question 5

The lacrimal bone contains a groove that forms part of lacrimal fossa. Along with the soft tissue of the lacrimal sac, these structures drain tears from the eye into the nasal passage.

Question 6

All vertebrae possess a body, a spine, and transverse foramina.

Question 7

In the anatomical position, the lateral forearm bone is the radius.

Question 8

The most common site of fracture in the humerus is the surgical neck which is distal to the anatomical neck.

Question 9

There are seven cervical, twelve thoracic, and five lumbar vertebrae.

Question 10

Lordosis affects the thoracic vertebrae.

Question 11

The temporal bone connects to the zygomatic bone via the temporal process of the temporal bone.

Question 12

The term vertebrochondral ribs refers to the "false ribs," that attach to each other before they attach to the sternum.

Question 13

The femur is the largest and strongest bone in the body.

Question 14

The shallow socket of the shoulder joint restricts dislocation of the humerus and is the main contributor to the stability of the joint.

Question 15

In women of childbearing age, the dimensions of the true pelvis are of utmost importance.

Question 16

Most of the body's weight is carried by the talus and calcaneus.

Question 17

The largest and strongest bone of the face is the maxilla.

Question 18

The vomer along with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone forms the bony part of the nasal septum.

Question 19

Costal cartilages join most ribs to the sternum.

Question 20

The frontal bone articulates with the parietal bone by means of the sagittal suture.

Question 21

The hypothalamus is a region of the brain controlling many aspects of the endocrine system. It works closely with the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus is directly superior to the pituitary and is, therefore, .

A) superior to the crista galli
B) superior to the sella turcica
C) inferior to the cribriform plate
D) the only region of the brain that is outside of the skull

Question 22

When looking at the range of motion of the various sections of the vertebral column the has the most flexibility.

A) cervical spine
B) sacral spine
C) lumbar spine
D) thoracic spine

Question 23

The bones in the skull have many different names but what are the boundaries of each bone? Where do they start and stop?

A) Bones of the skull are separated by immobile joints called sutures.
B) Boundaries for skull bones are seen only in the infant skull.
C) The boundaries are indistinct and are simply vague generalized regions.
D) Bones of the skull are continuous but named for their specific markings.

Question 24

The pituitary gland is housed in a saddle-like depression in the temporal bone called the sella turcica.

Question 25

The sphenoid bone is sometimes referred to as a "key stone" of the skull. This is due to the fact that .

A) the sphenoid is in the center of the skull and it articulates (joins) with all of the other bones of the skull (excluding the mandible)
B) the intricate shape of the sphenoid makes it critical to the distinct characteristics of the individual human face
C) the sphenoid bone is solid like a stone and provides the strength necessary to support the skull
D) the sphenoid is wedged in the superior most portion of the skull and supports all of the other bones below (excluding the mandible)

Question 26

The dens articulates with the occipital bone.

Question 27

Which is the best description for the function of the cranial bones?

A) provide passageways for respiratory gases to move into and out of the body
B) protect the brain
C) house the special sense organs
D) allow introduction of food into the digestive system

Question 28

The anatomy of the thoracic cage provides ridged support and protection but at the same time is also flexible and mobile. Of the list below, which feature does NOT aid in the flexibility and movement of the thoracic cage?

A) the costal spaces occupied by costal muscle
B) the costal cartilages
C) the sternal angle
D) the jugular notch

Question 29

Curvatures of the spine serve the body by .

A) providing space for soft organs in the various body cavities
B) giving additional springiness and flexibility to the spine which absorbs shock
C) applying greater pressure to the intervertebral disks preventing them from slipping
D) limiting the flexibility of the spine and preventing hyperextension

Question 30

Which of the following would be most associated with housing the special sense organs?

A) the bones of the inner ear
B) the temporal bones
C) the cranial bones
D) hyoid bone

Question 31

The sella turcica is part of the bone and houses the _ _ gland.

A) sphenoid; thymus
B) ethmoid; thymus
C) ethmoid; pituitary
D) sphenoid; pituitary

Question 32

During concussion (a type of traumatic brain injury) the brain will move within the cranial cavity. Damage is caused to the brain as it crashes into parts of the bony cavity walls. Ironically one of the bone markings that can cause serious damage to the brain is the . This is ironic because one of the functions of this bone marking is to .

A) perpendicular plate; separate the left and right halves of the nasal cavity
B) pterygoid processes; anchor important chewing muscles
C) crista galli; attach to the dura matter holding the brain in place
D) styloid process; attach to and support the hyoid bone

Question 33

Which of the following can be considered a function of the paranasal sinuses?

A) Sinuses are often referred to as vestigial, anatomical features with no know function.
B) The paranasal sinuses are passageways for nerves to pass through.
C) Sinuses have rough patches that aid in muscle attachment.
D) Sinuses take away a minimal amount of strength from bones while reducing the weight of bones.

Question 34

Which of the following would be most associated with process of warming, humidifying, and filtering the air we inhale?

A) the nasal cavity
B) the bones comprising the orbits
C) the cranial bones
D) hyoid bone

Question 35

The range of motion as well as the direction of motion for the various regions of the spine differs. For example, the lumbar spine is capable of flexion and extension but little rotational movement, while the thoracic spine rotates with little flexion or extension. This is due to variation in _ _.

A) the orientation of the superior and inferior articular facets
B) the arrangement of muscular attachment to the spinous processes
C) the thickness of the intervertebral disc
D) the composition of the intervertebral disks

Question 36

Which of the bones of the skull would you also refer to as a cheekbone?

A) the parietal bone
B) the occipital bone
C) the temporal bone
D) the zygomatic bone

Question 37

The glenohumeral joint that articulates the humerus to the pectoral girdle is a highly mobile joint. This mobility comes at a cost because _.

A) the blood vessels that lead to the arm and hand can easily be cut off by the free range of motion
B) these type of joints are harder to control and coordinate
C) the joint is relatively unstable and can easily dislocate
D) muscles that span this mobile joint will only provide a reduced amount of power

Question 38

The ischium articulates with both the ilium and the pubis forming the acetabulum.

Question 39

The proximal end of the ulna illustrates the relationship of form and function. The rounded trochlear notch articulates with the hourglass shape of the trochlea. This forms a joint that allows for .

A) the hyper extension of the forearm
B) the rotational motion of the forearm
C) the curling of the fingers
D) the hinge like motion of the forearm

Question 40

From the list below, select the least likely explanation for the relatively high mobility of the arms.

A) The clavicle articulates to the axial skeleton at only the sternal end.
B) The relatively open glenoid cavity of the glenohumeral joint.
C) The scapula does not articulate to the axial skeleton directly.
D) The subscapular notch is a passageway for nerves.

Question 41

Which of the following is the abnormal curve often seen in pregnant women as they attempt to preserve their center of gravity toward the end of the pregnancy?

A) hunchback
B) scoliosis
C) kyphosis
D) lordosis

Question 42

Thoracic vertebrae differ from the other vertebrae in that they have .

A) transverse foramina
B) no intervertebral discs
C) costal facets
D) no transverse processes

Question 43

The suture that is found where a parietal and temporal bone meet on the lateral aspect of the skull is _.

A) squamous
B) sagittal
C) coronal
D) lambdoid

Question 44

Which vertebra does NOT have a body?

A) last lumbar
B) atlas
C) last cervical
D) axis

Question 45

The antebrachium is composed of which of the following two bones?

A) the scapula and the clavicle
B) the humerus and the clavicle
C) the humerus and the radius
D) the radius and the ulna

Question 46

How many bones make up the adult skull?

A) 22
B) 7
C) 5
D) 12

Question 47

What is the major function of the axial skeleton?

A) provide an attachment point for muscles that allow movement
B) provide central support for the body and protect internal organs
C) provide a space for the major digestive organs
D) give the body resilience

Question 48

Which of the following is an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column often seen in the thoracic region?

A) kyphosis
B) swayback
C) scoliosis
D) lordosis

Question 49

What are the major functions of the intervertebral discs?

A) to hold together the vertebra and support the body
B) to absorb shock and provide flexibility to the spine
C) to prevent hyperextension and allow rotation of the spine
D) to remove curvatures of the spine and provide springiness to the spinal column

Question 50

Along with support, the anterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column also acts to .

A) hold the discs in place
B) protect the spinal cord
C) hold the spine erect
D) prevent hyperextension of the spine

Question 51

The axial skeleton includes _.

A) arms, legs, hands, and feet
B) the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage
C) the skull, the scapula, and the vertebral column
D) the skull, vertebral column, and pelvis

Question 52

The proximal end of the radius illustrates the relationship of form and function. The cup-like surface of the radial head articulates with the rounded shape of the capitulum. This forms a joint that allows for .

A) the hinge like motion of the forearm
B) the curling of the fingers
C) the rotational motion of the forearm
D) the hyper extension of the forearm

Question 53

Which bone is in direct contact with the first metatarsal?

A) lateral cuneiform
B) cuboid
C) calcaneus
D) medial cuneiform

Question 54

The "true wrist" or carpus consists of .

A) the phalanges
B) the styloid processes of the radius and ulna
C) the metacarpals
D) a group of eight short bones united by ligaments

Question 55

How are thoracic vertebrae 11 and 12 different from the other vertebrae?

A) The orientation of the articular processes is different from all the other thoracic vertebrae.
B) The transverse processes do not have facets that articulate with the tubercles of the ribs.
C) The spinous processes are directed parallel with the centrum.
D) There are two foramina on vertebrae 11 and 12.

Question 56

Which bone forms the anterior cranium?

A) frontal bone
B) sphenoid bone
C) temporal bone
D) palatine bone

Question 57

The hyoid bone is unique because it .

A) is composed of three bones joined together
B) is the only irregular bone found in the neck
C) is the only bone of the body that does not articulate with any other bone
D) is the only bone formed by the fusion of right and left halves

Question 58

Paranasal sinuses are found in which of these facial bones?

A) maxillae
B) nasal conchae
C) zygomatic bones
D) vomer

Question 59

Which part of the vertebral column receives the most stress by bearing most of the weight of the body?

A) the cervical region
B) the lumbar region
C) the sacral promontory
D) the sacrum

Question 60

The superior orbital fissure is formed in the sphenoid bone, whereas the inferior orbital fissure is formed between the sphenoid and .

A) ethmoid
B) maxilla
C) palatine
D) lacrimal

Question 61

The pelvic girdle does NOT include the .

A) ischium
B) ilium
C) femur
D) pubis

Question 62

The smallest short bone in the hand is the _ .

Question 63

The superior nasal concha is a part of which bone?

A) vomer
B) sphenoid
C) ethmoid
D) maxilla

Question 64

Your "cheekbone" is mostly formed from the bone.

Question 65

The largest foramen in the body is the foramen.

Question 66

The is the bone confined to the septum of the nose.

Question 67

Which part of the ethmoid bone forms the superior part of the nasal septum?

A) crista galli
B) cribriform plate
C) perpendicular plate
D) orbital plate

Question 68

What is the function of the lumbar curvature?

Question 69

The medial condyle of the femur articulates with the medial condyle of the .

Question 70

Only the vertebrae have transverse foramina.

Question 71

The kneecap is called the .

Question 72

What is the purpose of the vertebral curvatures?

Question 73

Which of the following bones is NOT weight bearing?

A) talus
B) tibia
C) femur
D) fibula

Question 74

The lateral condyle of the femur articulates with the lateral condyle of the _.

Question 75

Why is the area just distal to the tubercles of the humerus called the surgical neck?

Question 76

What structure is the "missing" body of the second cervical vertebrae?

Question 77

Which vertebral curvature abnormality is the most serious? Why?

Question 78

Which of the following is NOT a movement that can occur between vertebrae?

A) lateral flexion
B) rotation
C) supination
D) flexion and extension

Question 79

The styloid process of the points to the thumb.

Question 80

Which portion of the fibula articulates with the talus?

A) head
B) medial malleolus
C) lateral malleolus
D) calcaneus