Deck 8: Joints

Question 1

Hinge joints permit movement in only one plane.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Moving a limb so that it describes a cone in space is called circumduction.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Gliding movements occur when one flat, or nearly flat, bone surface glides or slips over another.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The amount of movement permitted by a particular joint is the basis for the functional classification of that joint.

Question 5

Movement at the hip joint does not have as wide a range of motion as at the shoulder joint.

Question 6

The major role of ligaments at synovial joints is to unite bones and prevent undesirable movement.

Question 7

The gripping of the trochlea by the trochlear notch constitutes the "hinge" for the elbow joint.

Question 8

Pronation is a much stronger movement than supination.

Question 9

A ball-and-socket joint is a multiaxial joint.

Question 10

All joints permit some degree of movement, even if very slight.

Question 11

The structural classification of joints is based on the composition of the binding material and the presence or absence of a joint cavity.

Question 12

A person who has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis would be suffering loss of the synovial fluids.

Question 13

The articular surfaces of synovial joints play a minimal role in joint stability.

Question 14

Bending of the tip of the finger exhibits flexion.

Question 15

The wrist joint can exhibit adduction and eversion movements.

Question 16

A person who has been diagnosed with a sprained ankle has an injury to the ligaments that attach to that joint.

Question 17

Synovial fluid contains phagocytic cells that protect the cavity from invasion by microbes or other debris.

Question 18

Supination is the movement of the forearm in which the palm of the hand is turned anteriorly or superiorly.

Question 19

Synovial fluid is a viscous material that is derived by filtration from blood.

Question 20

Movement of the ankle so that the superior aspect of the foot approaches the shin is called dorsiflexion.

Question 21

Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to .

A) produce red blood cells (hemopoiesis)
B) form the synovial membrane
C) attach tendons
D) provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints

Question 22

Which of the following statements defines synchondroses?

A) cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones
B) interphalangeal joints
C) joints that permit angular movements
D) amphiarthrotic joints designed for strength and flexibility

Question 23

Fibrous joints are classified as .

A) sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses
B) hinge, saddle, and ellipsoidal
C) pivot, hinge, and ball and socket
D) symphysis, sacroiliac, and articular

Question 24

Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membrane that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called _.

A) ligaments
B) tendons
C) bursae
D) menisci

Question 25

Bowing to your opponent before a jiu jitsu match would be considered a movement.

A) hyperextension
B) flexion
C) circumduction
D) extension

Question 26

On the basis of structural classification, which is a fibrous joint?

A) synchondrosis
B) pivot
C) symphysis
D) syndesmosis

Question 27

In the classification of joints, which of the following is true?

A) Synarthrotic joints are slightly movable.
B) In cartilaginous joints, a joint cavity is present.
C) Immovable joints are called amphiarthroses.
D) All synovial joints are freely movable.

Question 28

Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of .

A) flexion
B) circumduction
C) extension
D) hyperextension

Question 29

Dislocations in the TMJ almost always dislocate posteriorly with the mandibular condyles ending up in the infratemporal fossa.

Question 30

Symphyses are synarthrotic joints designed for strength with flexibility.

Question 31

Which of the following are cartilaginous joints?

A) syndesmoses
B) synchondroses
C) gomphoses
D) sutures

Question 32

In symphysis joints the articular surfaces of the bones are covered with .

A) fibrocartilage
B) hyaline cartilage
C) tendon sheaths
D) synovial membranes

Question 33

The cruciate ligaments of the knee _ .

A) are also called collateral ligaments
B) attach to each other in their midportions
C) prevent hyperextension of the knee
D) tend to run parallel to one another

Question 34

Synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints. Which of the following statements is true about this fluid?

A) It contains lactic acid.
B) It contains hyaluronic acid.
C) It contains enzymes only.
D) It contains hydrochloric acid.

Question 35

Synchondroses and symphyses are examples of joints.

A) periodontal
B) synovial
C) cartilaginous
D) fibrous

Question 36

The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called _.

A) patellar ligaments
B) anterior ligaments
C) tibial collateral ligaments
D) cruciate ligaments

Question 37

A situation where the bones are connected exclusively by ligaments, cords, or bands of fibrous tissue is a .

A) gomphosis
B) synchondrosis
C) syndesmosis
D) suture

Question 38

What are menisci (articular discs)?

A) cavities lined with cartilage
B) tendon sheaths
C) small sacs containing synovial fluid
D) wedges of fibrocartilage that partially or completely divide the synovial cavity

Question 39

Synarthrotic joints .

A) have large joint cavities
B) are immovable joints
C) are found only in adults
D) characterize all cartilaginous joints

Question 40

Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are .

A) diarthroses
B) synovial joints
C) amphiarthroses
D) synarthroses

Question 41

Tendon sheaths _.

A) are extensions of periosteum
B) act as friction-reducing structures
C) are lined with dense irregular connective tissue
D) help anchor the tendon to the muscle

Question 42

What is moving a limb away from the midline of the body along the frontal plane called?

A) adduction
B) extension
C) abduction
D) flexion

Question 43

Presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments are characteristics of what type of joint?

A) hinge joint
B) symphysis
C) suture
D) synchondrosis

Question 44

Which of the following statements best describes angular movements?

A) They allow movement only in one plane.
B) They turn a bone along its own long axis.
C) They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones.
D) They occur only between bones with flat articular processes.

Question 45

Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Identify a saddle joint of the skeleton.

A) interphalangeal joint of the finger
B) carpometacarpal joint of the phalanges
C) carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
D) metacarpophalangeal joint of the finger

Question 46

Extracapsular ligaments stabilizing the knee include .

A) the oblique popliteal crossing the knee anteriorly
B) cruciate ligaments, which help secure the articulating bones together
C) fibular and tibial collateral ligaments, which prevent lateral or medial rotation
D) the patellar ligament extending from femur to patella

Question 47

Football players often sustain lateral blows to the extended knee. Which of the following is (are) damaged as a result?

A) arcuate popliteal and the posterior cruciate ligaments
B) suprapatellar ligament
C) tibial collateral ligament, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament
D) oblique popliteal and extracapsular ligaments

Question 48

An example of an interosseous fibrous joint is .

A) between the humerus and the glenoid cavity
B) the radius and ulna along its length
C) between the vertebrae
D) the clavicle and the scapula at the distal ends

Question 49

Performing "jumping jacks" requires .

A) pronation and supination
B) abduction and adduction
C) flexion and extension
D) inversion and eversion

Question 50

Which of the following is a true statement regarding gliding movements?

A) Gliding movements are multiaxial.
B) Gliding movements allow flexibility of the upper limbs.
C) Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints.
D) An example of a gliding movement is nodding one's head.

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT strictly a part of a synovial joint?

A) articular (joint) capsule
B) articular cartilage
C) joint (articular) cavity
D) tendon sheath

Question 52

Which of the following movements does NOT increase or decrease the angle between bones?

A) rotation
B) abduction
C) extension
D) circumduction

Question 53

Pointing the toes is an example of .

A) plantar flexion
B) circumduction
C) pronation
D) protraction

Question 54

Which of the following is a true statement?

A) The rotator cuff is responsible for the flexible extensions at the elbow joint.
B) The greater tubercle of the humerus articulates at the coracoid process of the scapula.
C) The head of the humerus articulates with the acromion process.
D) The annular ligament surrounds the head of the radius.

Question 55

The hip joint is a good example of a(n) synovial joint.

A) uniaxial
B) biaxial
C) multiaxial
D) nonaxial

Question 56

Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped?

A) the extracapsular ligament
B) the lateral patellar retinacula
C) the medial patellar retinacula
D) the patellar ligament

Question 57

Baseball pitchers often require "Tommy John" surgery to repair damage to their elbow. Which ligament would this surgery target?

A) lateral ligament
B) acetabular labrum
C) ulnar collateral ligament
D) anular ligament

Question 58

The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to the .

A) arms
B) feet
C) hands
D) hands and the feet

Question 59

All of the following are factors that influence synovial joint stability EXCEPT _ _.

A) strength and tension of joint ligaments
B) number of bones in the joint
C) arrangement and tension of the muscles
D) structure and shape of the articulating bone

Question 60

Compared to the shoulder, displacements of the hip joints are .

A) common due to the weight bearing the hip endures
B) rare because the rotator cuff stabilizes the hip joint
C) rare because of the ligament reinforcement
D) common in all people who are overweight

Question 61

Moving your jaw forward, causing an underbite, is called .

A) adduction
B) protraction
C) retraction
D) pronation

Question 62

Which of the following conditions is joint inflammation or degeneration accompanied by stiffness, pain, and swelling?

A) osteoarthritis
B) arthritis
C) rheumatoid arthritis
D) Lyme disease

Question 63

Why is muscle tone the most important stabilizing factor for most joints?

Question 64

Although uric acid is a normal waste product of nucleic acid metabolism, excessive levels lead to gouty arthritis. How does this waste product build up and cause so much pain when things go wrong and why is it more common in men?

Question 65

Which joints are correctly matched?

A) interphalangeal; plane
B) wrist; saddle
C) ankle; hinge
D) elbow; pivot

Question 66

A friend finally completes a basement floor tiling project that required extensive time on his knees. Afterwards, knee pain took him to a doctor who diagnosed bursitis. Help explain to your friend what bursitis is and what can be done to relieve it.

Question 67

Why are epiphyseal plates considered temporary joints?

Question 68

Many inflammations of joint areas can be treated by injections of cortisone into the area. Why don't we continually get injections rather than operations?

Question 69

How can gout be treated?

Question 70

Lifting up a glass to take a drink involves the elbow joint. Which of the following correctly characterizes that joint?

A) pivot
B) diarthrotic
C) cartilaginous
D) biaxial

Question 71

An individual with a "double-jointed" thumb can pull it back towards the wrist much farther than normal. What does it mean to be "double-jointed?"

A) The additional joint present doubles the range of motion.
B) The joint capsules and ligaments are more stretchy and loose than normal.
C) Articular cartilage at bone ends is replaced with hyaline cartilage.
D) Greater than normal production of serous fluid lubricates the joint and extends it.

Question 72

Which joint does NOT belong with the others?

A) wrist
B) elbow
C) interphalangeal (toes)
D) ankle

Question 73

Greg is somewhat of a "weekend athlete" who has overextended himself by pitching multiple baseball games for a local team during the week and by playing golf on the weekends for several hours. He presented himself to the emergency room last week with severe shoulder pain (at the glenohumeral joint). The physician told him
that the X-ray was not conclusive, but he may have damage to his rotator cuff. What is the rotator cuff, and how might he have caused this damage? What remedies will the physician recommend?

Question 74

Synovial joints have six distinguishing features. What are they?

Question 75

For each of the following movements, indicate the specific kind of joint involved (e.g., hinge, etc.) and the movement performed (e.g., extension, etc.).
a. Bending the elbow: , .
b. Turning head side to side: , .
c. Lowering your arm to your side in the frontal plane: , .
d. Turning the sole of foot medially: , .

Question 76

After reading a medical report, you learn that a 45-year-old female has the following symptoms: inflammation of synovial membranes, accumulation of synovial fluid, pain and tenderness about the joints, pannus formation, and some immobility at certain joints. On the basis of these symptoms, what would the patient probably have?

Question 77

Briefly describe the structure of a typical synovial joint.

Question 78

After months of very little exercise, you decide to go for a long run. After a mile, you start to feel pain in your kneecap area. What could explain this?

Question 79

While the fingers can exhibit flexion and extension and other angular motions, the thumb has much greater freedom. Why?

Question 80

The type of joint between the carpal (trapezium) and the first metacarpal is a joint.

A) plane
B) condylar
C) hinge
D) saddle