Deck 30: Fluids and Electrolytes

Question 1

Which is a true statement about the administration of potassium?

A)The intravenous rate should not exceed 30 mmol/hr.
B)Oral forms should be given on an empty stomach to maximize absorption.
C)The concentration of potassium in intravenous solutions should not exceed 60 mmol/L.
D)When given intravenously, potassium must always be given in diluted form.

Answer 1

When given intravenously, potassium must always be given in diluted form.

Question 2

The nurse must monitor the fluid status of each patient. For each of the symptoms listed below, specify whether it is a symptom of hyponatremia (HYPO) or hypernatremia (HYPER).
Seizures

A)HYPO
B)HYPER

Answer 2

HYPO

Question 3

A patient requires transfusion with fresh frozen plasma (FFP).What condition is noted on the patient's medical record?

A)Hypovolemic shock
B)Anemia
C)Coagulation disorder
D)Previous transfusion reaction

Answer 3

Coagulation disorder

Question 4

During a blood transfusion,a patient begins to report chills and back pain.Which action is appropriate for the nurse to take?

A)Observe for other symptoms.
B)Slow the infusion rate and monitor vital signs.
C)Discontinue the infusion immediately and notify the physician.
D)Tell the patient that the symptoms are a normal reaction to the blood product.

Question 5

Potassium supplements are contraindicated in patients with a history of which condition?

A)Burns
B)Diarrhea
C)Kidney disease
D)Cardiac tachydysrhythmias

Question 6

Which blood product is indicated to increase clotting factor levels in patients with a demonstrated deficiency?

A)Cryoprecipitate
B)Fresh frozen plasma
C)Packed red blood cells
D)Plasma protein fractions

Question 7

The nurse must monitor the fluid status of each patient. For each of the symptoms listed below, specify whether it is a symptom of hyponatremia (HYPO) or hypernatremia (HYPER).
Diarrhea

A)HYPO
B)HYPER

Question 8

The nurse must monitor the fluid status of each patient. For each of the symptoms listed below, specify whether it is a symptom of hyponatremia (HYPO) or hypernatremia (HYPER).
Dry,sticky mucous membranes

A)HYPO
B)HYPER

Question 9

A patient is being treated for mild hyponatremia after spending a long day doing gardening work in the heat of the day.What is the most appropriate method with which to treat her condition?

A)Oral supplementation of fluids
B)IV bolus of lactated Ringer's solution
C)Normal saline infusion, administered slowly
D)Oral administration of sodium chloride tablets

Question 10

The nurse must monitor the fluid status of each patient. For each of the symptoms listed below, specify whether it is a symptom of hyponatremia (HYPO) or hypernatremia (HYPER).
Lethargy

A)HYPO
B)HYPER

Question 11

During the infusion of albumin,the nurse should monitor the patient for the development of which event?

A)Hypernatremia
B)Fluid volume deficit
C)Fluid volume excess
D)Transfusion reaction

Question 12

The nurse must monitor the fluid status of each patient. For each of the symptoms listed below, specify whether it is a symptom of hyponatremia (HYPO) or hypernatremia (HYPER).
Stomach cramps

A)HYPO
B)HYPER

Question 13

The nurse is planning to transfuse a patient with a unit of packed red blood cells (PRBCs).
Which is the only solution with which PRBCs can be administered?

A)5% dextrose in water
B)0.9% sodium chloride
C)5% dextrose in 0.9% sodium chloride
D)5% dextrose in lactated Ringer's solution

Question 14

The nurse must monitor the fluid status of each patient. For each of the symptoms listed below, specify whether it is a symptom of hyponatremia (HYPO) or hypernatremia (HYPER).
Increased thirst

A)HYPO
B)HYPER

Question 15

The nurse must monitor the fluid status of each patient. For each of the symptoms listed below, specify whether it is a symptom of hyponatremia (HYPO) or hypernatremia (HYPER).
Hypotension

A)HYPO
B)HYPER

Question 16

Which is a symptom of early hypokalemia?

A)Seizures
B)Paralytic ileus
C)Stomach cramps
D)Muscle weakness

Question 17

The nurse must monitor the fluid status of each patient. For each of the symptoms listed below, specify whether it is a symptom of hyponatremia (HYPO) or hypernatremia (HYPER).
Decreased urination

A)HYPO
B)HYPER

Question 18

The nurse must monitor the fluid status of each patient. For each of the symptoms listed below, specify whether it is a symptom of hyponatremia (HYPO) or hypernatremia (HYPER).
Increased temperature

A)HYPO
B)HYPER

Question 19

The nurse must monitor the fluid status of each patient. For each of the symptoms listed below, specify whether it is a symptom of hyponatremia (HYPO) or hypernatremia (HYPER).
Red,flushed skin

A)HYPO
B)HYPER

Question 20

The nurse is planning to transfuse a patient with a unit of PRBCs.Which patient is most likely to be treated with this transfusion?

A)A patient with a coagulation disorder
B)A patient with severe anemia
C)A patient who has lost a massive amount of blood after emergency surgery
D)A patient who has a clotting factor deficiency

Question 21

The nurse must monitor the fluid status of each patient. For each of the symptoms listed below, specify whether it is a symptom of hyponatremia (HYPO) or hypernatremia (HYPER).
Vomiting

A)HYPO
B)HYPER