Deck 1: The Human Body: an Orientation

Question 1

A major function of serous membranes is to decrease friction.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The part of the serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity wall is called visceral peritoneum.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

A tissue consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Responsiveness or irritability is the ability to sense changes in the environment and then respond to them.

Question 5

Lungs carry out an excretory function.

Question 6

Generally what is the result of the negative feedback process?

A) to control body movement
B) to maintain homeostasis
C) to regulate excretion via the kidneys
D) to keep the body's blood sugar level high

Question 7

Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region?

A) liver
B) intestines
C) stomach
D) appendix

Question 8

The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except ________.

A) arms at sides
B) body erect
C) palms turned posteriorly
D) thumbs pointed laterally

Question 9

Without some sort of negative feedback mechanism, it would be impossible to keep our body chemistry in balance.

Question 10

Histology would be best defined as a study of ________.

A) the gross structures of the body
B) cells
C) tissues
D) cell chemistry

Question 11

Embryology concerns the structural changes that occur in an individual from conception through old age.

Question 12

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________.

A) body temperature regulation
B) enhancement of labor contractions
C) blood calcium level regulation
D) regulating glucose levels in the blood

Question 13

Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane?

A) two cuts dividing the body into left and right halves
B) any sagittal plane except in the midline
C) any cut dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions
D) a transverse cut just above the knees

Question 14

The right hypochondriac region contains the majority of the stomach.

Question 15

The coxal joint is most likely found in________ region of the body.

A) hip
B) groin
C) hand
D) foot

Question 16

The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called________ anatomy.

A) devel opmental
B) systemic
C) gross
D) microscopic

Question 17

The elbow is proximal to the shoulder.

Question 18

It is important for any organism to maintain its boundaries, so that its internal environment remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it.

Question 19

A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body is a(n) ________.

A) complex cell
B) complex tissue
C) organ
D) organ system

Question 20

Expiration (breathing out) is how the body removes excessive carbon dioxide from the blood.This is an example of ________.

A) metabolism
B) excretion of metabolic waste
C) responsiveness
D) maintaining boundaries

Question 21

In which quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located?

A) left upper quadrant
B) right upper quadrant
C) right lower quadrant
D) left lower quadrant

Question 22

What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, called?

A) regional
B) sagittal
C) frontal
D) transverse

Question 23

In which body cavities are the lungs located?

A) mediastinal, thoracic, and ventral
B) pericardial, ventral, and thoracic
C) pleural, dorsal, and abdominal
D) pleural, ventral, and thoracic

Question 24

Which one of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli?

A) lymphatic
B) muscular
C) nervous
D) immune

Question 25

The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following?

A) liver
B) lungs
C) intestines
D) brain

Question 26

Select the most correct statement.

A) Organ systems can be composed of cells or tissues, but not both.
B) The endocrine system is not a true structural organ system.
C) The immune system and the lymphatic system can be grouped together.
D) Organ systems operate independently of each other to maintain life.

Question 27

Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person's brain?

A) X ray
B) MRI
C) DSA
D) PET

Question 28

The term pollex refers to the ________.

A) calf
B) fingers
C) great toe
D) th umb

Question 29

Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels?

A) renal physiology
B) cardiovascular physiology
C) cardiovascular anatomy
D) systemic anatomy

Question 30

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________.

A) a static state with no deviation from preset points
B) a relatively stable internal environment, within limits
C) the lowest possible energy usage
D) a dynamic state within an unlimited range, depending on circumstances

Question 31

Choose the following statement that is not completely correct regarding serous membranes.

A) Serosa are very thin, double-layered structures.
B) Serous membranes are divided into parietal and visceral membranes with a virtual space between the two.
C) Serous membranes secrete a watery lubricating fluid.
D) Visceral pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the internal walls of the heart.

Question 32

Which of these is not part of the dorsal cavity?

A) cranial cavity
B) vertebral cavity
C) spinal cord
D) thoracic cavity

Question 33

The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane ________.

A) covering individual lungs
B) lining the abdominal cavity
C) lining the thoracic cavity
D) covering the heart

Question 34

One of the functional characteristics of life is excitability or responsiveness. This refers to________.

A) sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them
B) the nervous system causing all living things to sometimes experience anger
C) indigestible food residues stimulating the excretory system
D) the necessity for all organisms to reproduce

Question 35

Which of the following are survival needs of the body?

A) water, atmospheric pressure, growth, and movement
B) nutrients, water, movement, and reproduction
C) nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen
D) nutrients, water, growth, and reproduction

Question 36

It is wise to study anatomy alongside with physiology because________.

A) it makes for more efficient use of students' and teachers' time
B) anatomy and physiology are practically the same thing
C) physiology is only explainable in terms of the underlying anatomy
D) to understand anatomy requires complete understanding of physiology

Question 37

Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance?

A) Positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed.
B) Negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally.
C) It is considered the cause of most diseases.
D) The internal environment is becoming more stable.

Question 38

Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched.

A) Embryology: study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth.
B) Microscopic anatomy: study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye.
C) Gross anatomy: study of structures visible to the eye.
D) Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region.

Question 39

Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex:1. molecules2. atoms3. tissues4. cells5. organs

A) 1-2-3-4-5
B) 1-2-4-3-5
C) 2-1-4-3-5
D) 2-1-3-4-5

Question 40

What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called?

A) sagittal
B) transverse
C) median
D) frontal

Question 41

Which of the following is the best explanation for why cells are considered the smallest units of living things.

A) Cells cannot be seen with the naked eye and are considered microscopic.
B) Cells are the simplest structure to fit all of the characteristics necessary to be considered alive.
C) Cells have the ability to reproduce identical copies of themselves in a process called mitosis.
D) Cells are highly ordered and complex.

Question 42

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback because ________.

A) positive feedback provides moment-to-moment wellbeing while negative feedback causes a cascade effect
B) positive feedback is critical to health while negative feedback serves only to alert us to potential health threats
C) positive feedback is generally beneficial while negative feedback is typically harmful
D) positive feedback tends to enhance the triggering stimulus while negative feedback tends to return the body to a homeostatic balance or "ideal" level

Question 43

You are asked to draw blood from the median cubital vein which is in the antecubital area.You will search for this vein in the________.

A) anterior side of the elbow
B) lateral side of the foot
C) hand
D) proximal arm

Question 44

One of the descriptions below is from the perspective of anatomical study, the rest are from a physiological perspective. Select the description below that comes from an anatomicalperspective.

A) The direction of blood flow through the heart is directed by one way valves.
B) The cell-t o-cell connections between heart (cardiac) muscle cells are strong. They hold the tissue together for a life time of forceful contractions.
C) The extremely thin tissue (simple squamous epithelium) of the lungs allows for the quick diffusion of respiratory gases into and out of the body.
D) The innermost lining of the lungs is composed primarily of a thin tissue called simple squamous epithelium.

Question 45

Anabolic reactions are chemical reactions of the body that build things, make them bigger or more complex. Catabolic reactions break things down making them smaller or less complex. If the rate of anabolic reaction in the body is much faster than the rate of catabolic reactionswhich of the following necessary life function will be accomplished?

A) digestion
B) responsiveness
C) growth
D) move ment

Question 46

Which cavity contains the bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum?

Question 47

The study of anatomy and physiology assumes and describes a healthy body. Select the description below that does not explain why this approach is useful.

A) Study of a healthy body is less intimidating and more familiar to new students.
B) A healthy body establishes what "normal" is.
C) A healthy body provides a common standard to compare to.
D) Study of a healthy body provides a foundation for a more complete understanding of all human bodies.

Question 48

________ is explained by chemical and physical principles and is concerned with the function of specific organs or organic systems.

Question 49

You are told to take an axillary temperature on a small child. You will place the thermometer________.

A) under the tongue
B) on the forehead
C) in the rectum
D) in the armpit

Question 50

Prevention of water loss is a necessary function for life that would best fit in the category of________.

A) maintaining boundaries
B) metabolism
C) excretion
D) responsiveness

Question 51

The heart is ________ to the lungs.

Question 52

Some of the nerve endings in the skin are sensitive to changes in temperature. They are part of a negative feedback mechanism regulating body temperature. These nerve endings representa(n)________ in the negative feedback mechanism.

A) effector
B) control center
C) homeostatic balance or "ideal" value
D) receptor

Question 53

When a baby suckles at its mother's breast the stimulus at the breast is sent to the mother's brain (a region called the hypothalamus). The brain responds by releasing hormones tostimulate the production and the ejection of milk from the breast. This helps the newborn to receive nourishment and encourages more suckling. This example is best described as a________.

A) necessary life function
B) negative feedback
C) positive feedback
D) loss of homeostasis

Question 54

One of the descriptions below is from the perspective of physiological study, the rest are from an anatomical perspective. Select the description below that comes from physiologicalperspective.

A) The chambers of the heart and blood vessels leading to and from the heart are separated by valves composed of fibrous connective tissue.
B) The pancreas lies deep to the stomach within the abdominal cavity.
C) The contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessels (vasoconstriction) can reduce the flow of blood through the vessel.
D) The skull is formed by 22 facial and cranial bones.

Question 55

What does the "principle of complementarity of structures and function" mean?

Question 56

What is the function of the serous membranes?

Question 57

What broad term covers all chemical reactions that occur within the body cells?

Question 58

Anatomical position is important because________.

A) it allows a common point of reference for body position to help communicate anatomical relationships
B) it provides the greatest circulation to the extremities
C) it is the position most comfortable to hospital patients
D) it allows diagrams within textbooks to display a greater surface area of the body with one simple diagram

Question 59

The term that describes the back of the elbow is ________.

Question 60

You are asked to take a person's heart rate at the popliteal pulse point. You will look for this pulse ________.

A) on the posterior side of the knee
B) on the palmar side of the hand
C) in the distal end of the lower leg
D) at the posterior side of the wrist

Question 61

Can lungs carry out excretory functions? Explain your answer.

Question 62

The ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them is called ________.

Question 63

Why is anatomical terminology necessary?

Question 64

What is the pathway between the receptor and the control center in the reflex pathway called?

Question 65

What is the action of all of the negative feedback mechanisms of the body?

Question 66

The nurse charted: "Patient has an open wound located on lateral aspect of leg." Describe where the wound is located.

Question 67

Judy is 16 years old and collapses on the gym floor with severe pain in her chest wall every time she takes a deep breath. She is rushed by ambulance to the emergency room. Judy is diagnosed with pleurisy and is given an anti-inflammatory drug through the intravenous route. Explain why an anti-inflammatory drug would be prescribed for someone with pleurisy.

Question 68

Describe the overlap in function between the cardiovascular system and respiratory system. In other words, describe how they work together.

Question 69

Describe the opposing ways that the muscular system and integumentary system act as effectors in the regulation of body temperature.

Question 70

A small family was traveling in its van and had a minor accident. The children in the back seats were wearing lap belts, but still sustained numerous bruises about the abdomen, and had some internal organ injuries. Why is this area more vulnerable to damage than others?

Question 71

Which body system would be most affected by a lower than normal atmospheric pressure?

Question 72

Describe the overlap in function between the muscular system and skeletal system. In other words, describe how they work together.

Question 73

Why are the abdominopelvic cavity organs the most vulnerable to blunt deceleration in an automobile accident with seat belts?

Question 74

What type of homeostatic feedback reflex is the withdrawal reflex?

Question 75

Which feedback mechanism causes the variable to deviate further and further from its original value or range?

Question 76

The integumentary system helps to maintain a boundary between the internal and external environment.Give an example of something that is prevented entry to the body and an example of something prevented from escaping the body by the integumentary system.