Deck 20: Surface and Sectional Anatomy

Question 1

13)Which of the following is the bony structure located directly anterior to the fourth thoracic vertebra?

A) Suprasternal notch
B) Xiphoid process
C) Hyoid bone
D) Sternal angle

Answer 1

D
The junction of the manubrium and the body of the sternum for the sterna angle, also called the angle of Louis, occurs at the level of T4.

Question 2

4)The asthenic body type represents what percentage of the general population?

A) 5%
B) 10% to 12%
C) 30% to 35%
D) 50%

Answer 2

B
The asthenic habitus demonstrates a more slender physique, light body weight, and a lighter skeletal framework.It is found in 10% to 12% of the population.

Question 3

12)The bony structure that is located directly anterior to the second thoracic vertebra is which of the following?

A) Suprasternal notch (SSN)
B) Xiphoid process
C) Hyoid bone
D) None of the above

Answer 3

A
The manubrium has a depression called SSN, which occurs at the level of T2 and articulates with the medial ends of the clavicles.

Question 4

14)The vertebral level that is associated with the spine of the scapula is which of the following?

A) Third thoracic
B) Seventh cervical
C) Seventh thoracic
D) Second lumbar

Question 5

3)Which of the following anatomic landmarks is located in the head and neck area?
I)Superior orbital margin
II)Nasion
III)External occipital protuberance
IV)Mastoid process

A) I
B) II and III
C) III and IV
D) All of the above

Question 6

20)Which of the following describes the curves of the spinal column that are not present at birth (sometimes called the secondary curves)?
I)Cervical
II)Thoracic
III)Lumbar
IV)Pelvic

A) I and II
B) I and III
C) I and IV
D) II and IV

Question 7

15)Which portion of the spinal column is composed of four fused vertebrae?

A) Coccyx
B) Sacrum
C) Symphysis pubis
D) Lumbar vertebrae

Question 8

7)For which of the following are the clavicles useful as an anatomic landmark?

A) Outlining the supraclavicular fossa (SCF)field for treatment of the "lower neck" in head and neck tumors
B) Treating the upper chest lymphatics
C) Estimating the location of the brachial plexus
D) All of the above

Question 9

18)The hypersthenic body type represents what percentage of the general population?

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 35%
D) 50%

Question 10

1)Which of the following imaging studies could be best described as studies that do not use ionizing radiation?
I)X-ray
II)X-ray studies using contrast agents
III)Computed tomography (CT)
IV)Nuclear medicine
V)Ultrasound
VI)Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A) I and II
B) III and IV
C) V and VI
D) None of the above

Question 11

17)Which body type has a slender physique, long narrow lung fields that are widest in their upper zones, a heart that is pendent in form, and a pelvis with great capacity?

A) Sthenic
B) Hyposthenic
C) Hypersthenic
D) Asthenic

Question 12

6)Which of the following sinuses are located directly inferior to and form the floor of the orbit?

A) Maxillary
B) Sphenoidal
C) Frontal
D) Ethmoidal

Question 13

9)If a breast tumor is located in the outer upper or lower quadrant, the lymph node drainage is to which of the following?

A) Internal mammary lymph nodes
B) Axillary lymph node
C) Supraclavicular lymph nodes
D) Hilar lymph nodes

Question 14

10)In females with large breasts, the area around the ___________________ is of great concern in external beam treatment because of the breast tissue acting as a bolus.

A) nipple
B) areola
C) tail of Spence
D) inframammary sulcus

Question 15

11)The bony structure that is located directly anterior to the ninth or tenth thoracic vertebra is which of the following?

A) Sternal notch
B) Xiphoid process
C) Hyoid bone
D) None of the above

Question 16

5)Which of the following body types has a massive and powerful physique and great body weight with a heavy bony framework and a high alimentary tract? This body type also has a short, wide trunk with a long abdomen of great capacity.

A) Sthenic
B) Hyposthenic
C) Hypersthenic
D) Asthenic

Question 17

8)If a breast tumor is located in the inner upper or lower quadrant, the lymph node drainage is to which of the following?

A) Internal mammary lymph nodes
B) Axillary lymph node
C) Supraclavicular lymph nodes
D) Hilar lymph nodes

Question 18

16)The thoracic lymph duct begins in the abdomen at which of the following levels?

A) T11
B) L2
C) L5
D) T2

Question 19

19)The right lymphatic duct "drains" which of the following?

A) Upper left part of the body
B) Lower left part of the body
C) Upper right part of the body
D) Lower extremities and abdomen

Question 20

2)Which of the following describes why ultrasound is not useful when imaging the skull, lungs, or intestines?

A) Ultrasound does not penetrate bone.
B) Ultrasound does not penetrate air-filled spaces.
C) Ultrasound may not undergo reverse photoelectric absorption.
D) Both a and b are correct.
E) Both a and c are correct.

Question 21

32)If a cross section of the thorax is taken at about 10 cm inferior to the suprasternal notch (6 cm inferior to sternal angle), which structure(s)will not be visualized?

A) Trachea
B) Esophagus
C) Scapula
D) Both a and c

Question 22

24)Place the following structures in order, starting with the most superior structure and finishing with the most inferior structure.
I)Thyroid cartilage
II)Hyoid bone
III)Cricoid cartilage

A) I, II, III
B) I, III, II
C) II, I, III
D) II, III, I

Question 23

30)Which of the following is the structure located immediately superior and medial to the left kidney?

A) Gallbladder
B) Spleen
C) Adrenal gland
D) Prostrate

Question 24

40)Which of the following is the vertebral level associated with the inferior angle of the scapula?

A) Third thoracic
B) Seventh cervical
C) Seventh thoracic
D) Second lumbar

Question 25

35)The bone directly anterior to the temporal bone on a lateral view of the surface of the skull is the _______ bone.

A) ethmoid
B) lacrimal
C) sphenoid
D) parietal

Question 26

23)The movement of lymph through the lymphatic system is caused by which of the following?

A) The motion of the adjacent muscles
B) A primitive two-chamber heart located in the posterior portion of the mediastinum
C) Hydrostatic and osmotic pressure differences in the body
D) Both a and c

Question 27

27)The sella turcica is a depression of the _____ bone, which holds the pituitary gland.

A) ethmoid
B) temporal
C) sphenoid
D) occipital

Question 28

29)Which of the following is the portion of the spinal column that is composed of five fused vertebrae?

A) Coccyx
B) Sacrum
C) Symphysis pubis
D) Lumbar vertebrae

Question 29

25)The sinuses that are located directly superior to the orbit are which of the following?

A) Maxillary
B) Sphenoidal
C) Frontal
D) Ethmoidal

Question 30

21)Which of the following structures is located in the anterior portion of the neck; directly inferior to the thyroid cartilage and superior to the suprasternal notch?

A) Mandible
B) Hyoid bone
C) Tip of the xiphoid process
D) Cricoid cartilage

Question 31

28)Trace lymphatic drainage from the right lung to its return to the cardiovascular system.
I)Paratracheal lymph nodes
II)Pulmonary/intrapulmonary lymph nodes
III)Hilar/bronchopulmonary lymph nodes
IV)Carinal/inferior mediastinal lymph nodes

A) I, II, III, IV
B) II, III, IV, I
C) III, II, IV, III
D) IV, III, II, I

Question 32

33)Which of the following structures is not located at the level of the fourth thoracic vertebrae?
I)Angle of Louis
II)Medial aspect of the clavicle
III)Carina
IV)Inferior tip of the scapula

A) I and II
B) II and I
C) I and III
D) I and IV

Question 33

26)Which of the following is the largest of the paranasal sinuses?

A) Frontal
B) Ethmoid
C) Maxillary
D) Sphenoid

Question 34

36)Which bone is visualized in the anterior portion of the neck on a lateral radiograph; located in the region inferior to the mandible and superior to the suprasternal notch at the superior border of C4?

A) Hyoid bone
B) Thyroid cartilage
C) Tip of the xiphoid process
D) Cricoid cartilage

Question 35

38)Which of the following describes the anatomic relationship of the esophagus to the trachea and vertebral column?

A) The esophagus is anterior to the trachea and posterior to the vertebral column.
B) The esophagus is posterior to the trachea and anterior to the vertebral column.
C) The esophagus is anterior to the vertebral column and anterior to the trachea.
D) The esophagus is posterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the trachea.

Question 36

22)Which structure is located approximately 2 cm anterior and 2 cm superior to the external auditory meatus?

A) Maxillary sinus
B) Nasion
C) Sella turcica
D) Ethmoidal sinus

Question 37

37)Which of the following structures is located at approximately the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra?

A) Umbilicus
B) Ischial tuberosity
C) Liver
D) Hilum of right kidney

Question 38

31)Which of the following structures or landmarks is associated with the bifurcation of the trachea?

A) Tip of the scapula
B) Tip of the xiphoid process
C) Sternal angle
D) Both a and b

Question 39

34)The lambdoidal suture is formed by which bones?
I)Frontal
II)Sphenoid
III)Parietal
IV)Temporal
V)Occipital

A) I, III
B) I, III
C) V, III
D) IV, V

Question 40

39)The adult vertebral column usually consists of _____ bones.

A) 16
B) 25
C) 33
D) 42

Question 41

48)Which is the largest mass of lymphatic tissue in the body?

A) Liver
B) Tonsils
C) Spleen
D) Thymus

Question 42

43)Which of the following is the bony surface landmark that is indicated by dimples above and medial to the buttock, about 5 cm from midline?

A) Coccyx
B) Iliac crests
C) Coccyx
D) PSIS

Question 43

42)Which of the following is abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column with excessive right or left curvature in the thoracic region?

A) Scoliosis
B) Kyphosis
C) Lordosis

Question 44

44)Which organ begins at the lower border of the cricoid cartilage and travels through the diaphragm to the cardiac sphincter?

A) Trachea
B) Bronchus
C) Esophagus
D) None of the above

Question 45

46)The drainage lymphatics of the left lower lobe of the lung include which of the following?

A) Right paratracheal lymph nodes
B) Abdominal aortic nodes
C) Splenic hilar nodes
D) Celiac axis nodes

Question 46

45)Which of the following is a disadvantage of MRI over CT?

A) Magnetic shielding requirements that are expensive
B) Lower numbers of patients who can be imaged per hour
C) Increased cost
D) All of the above

Question 47

41)A patient is to be treated with a pelvic field on a linear accelerator.The patient is quite obese and the port films show that the field shifts superiorly and inferiorly on a daily basis.What bony landmark may measurements be taken from to stabilize this treatment portal?

A) Umbilicus
B) Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
C) Pubic symphysis
D) Patella

Question 48

47)Where is Rotter's node located?

A) Supraclavicular triangle
B) Infraclavicular fossa
C) Anterior aspect of the neck
D) Axilla