Deck 46: Community Structure and Biodiversity

Question 1

An interaction in which one species benefits and the second species is neither harmed nor benefited is

A)mutualism.
B)parasitism.
C)commensalism.
D)competition.
E)predation.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Two species of phorid flies are being used to control fire ants.The fly

A)is a parasitoid of the fire ant.
B)lays an egg in the ant's soft internal tissues.
C)produces a larva that eats the ant's interior.
D)larva uses the ant's empty head as a metamorphosis chamber.
E)fits all of these descriptions.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which of the following would be more likely to affect an animal's habitat than its niche?

A)rainfall
B)prey abundance
C)predators
D)defense mechanisms
E)competitors

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Niche refers to the

A)home range of an animal.
B)preferred habitat for an organism.
C)functional role of a species in a community.
D)territory occupied by a species.
E)feeding levels of a species.

Question 5

The sting of imported fire ants can cause

A)fluid filled pustules that are slow to heal.
B)nausea.
C)dizziness.
D)death.
E)all of these.

Question 6

Imported fire ants attack

A)humans.
B)livestock.
C)pets.
D)wildlife.
E)all of these.

Question 7

The weakest symbiotic association, in which one species simply lives better in the presence of another species is

A)commensalism.
B)competitive exclusion.
C)mutualism.
D)facultative obligate mutualism.
E)parasitism.

Question 8

The condition of the fire ant in the above photograph is caused by

A)biological control with phorid flies.
B)pesticides.
C)wholesale physical destruction of their mounds.
D)herbicides.
E)all of these.

Question 9

When Shakespeare wrote about the world as a stage and each of us being players, he was unknowingly referring to the biological concept of

A)succession.
B)the niche.
C)different habitats.
D)feeding levels.
E)interspecific competition.

Question 10

Which of the following is (are) a factor(s) determining community structure?

A)species interactions
B)species adaptations
C)climate and topography
D)seasonal resource availability
E)all of these

Question 11

All of the populations of different species that occupy and are adapted to a given area are

A)the biosphere.
B)a community.
C)an ecosystem.
D)a niche.
E)an ecotone.

Question 12

Coevolution is

A)where each species is a selective agent that shifts the range of variation in the other
B)random association between two individuals that allows similarity patterns to emerge.
C)resource partitioning between two related species.
D)mutualistic associations and commensalism.
E)none of these.

Question 13

Argentine fire ants entered the United States in the

A)1920s.
B)1930s.
C)1940s.
D)1950s.
E)1960s.

Question 14

Promising options being explored to control fire ants include

A)biological controls.
B)pesticides.
C)wholesale physical destruction of their mounds.
D)herbicides.
E)all of these.

Question 15

The reason why twelve species of fruit-eating pigeons can survive in Papua New Guinea's tropical rain forests is related to

A)mutualistic associations.
B)commensalism.
C)resource partitioning.
D)mutualistic associations and resource partitioning
E)mutualistic associations, commensalism, and resource partitioning.

Question 16

A one-way relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of another is

A)commensalism.
B)competitive exclusion.
C)parasitism.
D)obligate mutualism.
E)a neutral relationship.

Question 17

Insects that lay their eggs in and whose larvae subsequently feed on the soft tissues of the host are

A)typical parasites.
B)commensals.
C)parasitoids.
D)predators.
E)cannibalistic.

Question 18

An interaction between two species in which one species benefits and the other species is harmed is

A)mutualism.
B)commensalism.
C)competition.
D)predation.
E)none of these.

Question 19

The range of all factors that influence whether a species can obtain resources essential for survival and reproduction is its

A)habitat.
B)niche.
C)carrying capacity.
D)ecosystem.
E)community.

Question 20

A relationship in which two species intereact and both benefit is

A)neutral.
B)commensalism.
C)competitive exclusion.
D)mutualism.
E)parasitism.

Question 21

The relationship between an insect and the plants it pollinates is

A)mutualism.
B)competitive exclusion.
C)parasitism.
D)commensalism.
E)all of these.

Question 22

Competitive exclusion is based on the idea that

A)one species will hold some sort of advantage over the other one.
B)no two species can completely occupy the same niche.
C)the more two species overlap in their capacity to obtain and use resources the less likely they are to coexist.
D)all of these are true.
E)none of these are true.

Question 23

An aggressive species of chipmunks keeps other chipmunk species out of its habitat.This behavior provides an example of

A)a neutral interaction.
B)exploitation competition.
C)interference competition.
D)competitive exclusion.
E)intraspecific competition.

Question 24

The interaction between different species is

A)mutualism.
B)parasitism.
C)commensalism.
D)competition.
E)predation.

Question 25

Which of the following is (are) true about predator-prey coevolution?

A)Each species exerts selection pressure on the other.
B)Predators are selective agents that favor improved prey defenses.
C)Prey with better defenses are selective agents that favor better predator hunting skills.
D)All of the above are true.
E)None of the above are true.

Question 26

Which of the following affect(s) predator-prey interactions?

A)prey reproductive rate
B)presence of an alternative predator or prey species
C)predator response to prey density
D)predator reproductive rate
E)all of these

Question 27

Which of the following is (are) an adaptation(s) against predation?

A)thorns
B)camouflage
C)mimicry
D)thorns and camouflage
E)thorns, camouflage, and mimicry

Question 28

Competitive exclusion is the result of

A)mutualism.
B)commensalism.
C)competition.
D)predation.
E)parasitism.

Question 29

In exploitive competition,

A)one species blocks access of another species to resources.
B)both species have access to a resource they both need.
C)both species are equally good at utilizing the resource.
D)all of these occur.
E)none of these occur.

Question 30

Gause's experiments with Paramecium growing in test tubes demonstrated that

A)organisms with similar niches evolve enough to survive in different niches.
B)organisms with slightly different nutritional requirements change to become exclusive competitors.
C)organisms with similar nutritional requirements may compete to the point of extinction.
D)organisms with slightly different nutritional requirements change to become exclusive competitors, and organisms with similar nutritional requirements may compete to the point of extinction.
E)organisms with similar niches evolve enough to survive in different niches, and organisms with similar nutritional requirements may compete to the point of extinction.

Question 31

The relationship above is

A)a parasitic association.
B)predation.
C)resource partitioning.
D)a mutualistic association essential to the fish but not the anemone.
E)none of these.

Question 32

What conclusion can be drawn from research on abundance cycles of Canadian lynx and snowshoe hare?

A)A simple predator-prey model explains the results.
B)A simple plant-herbivore model explains the results.
C)Raptor activity has no effect on the outcome.
D)Complex variables are involved.
E)Manipulation of experimental plots stopped cyclic changes in population densities.

Question 33

An interaction between two species in which both species benefit is

A)mutualism.
B)parasitism.
C)commensalism.
D)competition.
E)predation.

Question 34

Which one of the following is the final consequence of one or more of the others?

A)resource partitioning
B)competition
C)predation
D)parasitism
E)parasitoidism

Question 35

Which is NOT an example of coevolution?

A)insect and flowering plant
B)predator and prey
C)host and parasite
D)model and mimic
E)sharks and dolphins

Question 36

The relationship between the yucca plant and the yucca moth that pollinates it is

A)camouflage.
B)commensalism.
C)competitive exclusion.
D)mutualism.
E)all of these.

Question 37

Gause's exclusion principle refers to

A)isolation.
B)competition.
C)habitat preference.
D)physiological adaptation.
E)niche removal.

Question 38

The image in the above photograph is a prime example of

A)double mutualism.
B)associative commensalism.
C)interference competition.
D)team predation.
E)parasitism.

Question 39

Chemicals in both plants and animals serve as which of the following to predators?

A)warnings
B)repellents
C)toxins
D)bad tastes
E)all of these

Question 40

Populations are held in check by

A)resource partitioning.
B)predation.
C)social parasitism.
D)competition.
E)any of these.

Question 41

Hover flies like to drop in at outdoor picnics to sample the sweets, but the reaction of the humans is to flee the scene because of the flies' uncanny resemblance to bees.Thus, the survival of the hover fly is enhanced by

A)mimicry.
B)display behavior.
C)warning coloration.
D)chemical defenses.
E)camouflage.

Question 42

Parasites impact host populations by

A)draining nutrients from hosts.
B)making hosts more vulnerable to predation.
C)lowering birth rates and raising death rates.
D)causing sterility
E)all of these.

Question 43

Parasitoids

A)are an alternative to pesticides.
B)will kill rather than damage those that they infect.
C)are biotic or natural controls.
D)are better than pesticides in that they are target-specific (they affect a limited number and type of organisms).
E)are all of these.

Question 44

Predators often avoid a mimic species because of

A)its bad taste.
B)its toxic secretion.
C)its resemblance to a model species.
D)its painful sting.
E)all of these.

Question 45

Which of the following statements is NOT generally characteristic of parasites?

A)They are specialists and usually are able to affect only one variety of hosts.
B)They inflict serious injury and kill their hosts.
C)Some reside inside their hosts, whereas others live outside their hosts.
D)Their host may be a plant as well as an animal.
E)Some require more than one host to complete the life cycle.

Question 46

Adaptive responses of predators to prey defenses include

A)camouflage.
B)bright coloration
C)ways of avoiding repellents and toxins.
D)speed.
E)a, c and d are all correct.

Question 47

The animal in the above figure is using __________ for protection.

A)mimicry
B)display behavior
C)warning coloration
D)chemical defenses
E)camouflage

Question 48

Which bird is a social parasite and lays its eggs in the nests of other birds?

A)catbird
B)cowbird
C)magpie
D)Kirtland warbler
E)blue jay

Question 49

Which of the following does NOT apply to parasitoids?

A)insects
B)kill animals on which they feed
C)host usually survives
D)larvae develop in host body
E)can beeffective biocontrol agents

Question 50

Which of the following are parasites?

A)some pathogensi
B)a few birds
C)a few plants
D)some flatworms and roundworms
E)all of these

Question 51

The images above are an example of

A)mimicry.
B)display behavior.
C)warning coloration.
D)chemical defenses.
E)camouflage.

Question 52

The photograph above of the aphid and the wasp is an example of

A)mimicry.
B)display behavior.
C)warning coloration.
D)chemical defenses.
E)biological control of pests.