Deck 37: Circulation

Question 1

Plasma normally amounts to what percent of the total blood volume?

A)15 to 25
B)33 to 40
C)50 to 60
D)66 to 75
E)about 80

Answer 1

C

Question 2

All EXCEPT which of the following can occur in the blood?

A)digestion of nutrients
B)binding of oxygen to hemoglobin
C)transport of phagocytic cells
D)stabilization of pH
E)regulation of body temperature

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Blood velocity is slowest in the

A)arteries.
B)arterioles.
C)capillaries.
D)venules.
E)veins.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following makes up the greatest percentage of human plasma?

A)albumin
B)red blood cells
C)white blood cells
D)water
E)dissolved ions, sugars, hormones, etc.

Question 5

The state of Texas passed a law to require

A)AED devices at all high school sporting events.
B)AED training for all teachers in the state.
C)CPR training for all parents of high school athletes.
D)all AED's to be tested on an animal prior to use in humans.
E)none of these.

Question 6

Which sequence most accurately describes the complete path of blood through the circulatory system of a fish?

A)atrium >>> ventricle >>> gill capillaries >>> atrium >>> ventricle >>> all other capillaries
B)atrium >>> ventricle >>> gill capillaries
C)gill capillaries >>> atrium >>> ventricle >>> all other capillaries
D)gill capillaries >>> all other capillaries >>> atrium >>> ventricle
E)none of these

Question 7

The animal in the above diagram has __________

A)an open circulatory system
B)no capillaries
C)a closed circulatory system
D)spaces in the tissues for blood to pool in
E)none of these

Question 8

The pulmonary circuit

A)involves the hepatic portal vein.
B)moves oxygenated blood to the lungs.
C)includes the coronary arteries.
D)leads to, through, and from the lungs.
E)does all of these.

Question 9

About how many quarts of blood does an average human have?

A)3
B)4
C)5
D)6
E)7

Question 10

Which of the following is an advantage of the bird and mammalian circulatory system?

A)It is closed.
B)It is fully divided into two circuits.
C)There is no mixing of oxygen-poor and oxygenated blood.
D)Blood is directly pumped out to body capillaries after oxygenation in the lungs.
E)All of these are an advantage.

Question 11

In the human systemic circuit, blood passes through all EXCEPT which of the following?

A)liver
B)limbs
C)lungs
D)digestive organs
E)brain

Question 12

A fish pumps __________ blood through its heart as does the __________ side of the bird and mammalian hearts.

A)oxygenated; right
B)oxygenated; left
C)oxygen-poor; right
D)oxygen-poor; left
E)mixed; left

Question 13

Which of these is false about sudden cardiac arrest?

A)It happens more than 300,000 times annually in the United States.
B)It affects only the elderly.
C)Survival is greatly increased by starting CPR within four to six minutes.
D)Prompt defibrillator use increases the chance of survival.
E)None of these are false.

Question 14

The animal in the above diagram has a __________ circulatory system.

A)closed
B)open
C)semi-closed
D)vascular
E)none of these

Question 15

Proteins constitute what percentage of the human plasma?

A)1-2
B)7-8
C)12-15
D)50-60
E)91-92

Question 16

Which animal has a closed circulatory system?

A)clam
B)dog
C)spider
D)snail
E)insect

Question 17

Automated external defibrillators (AEDs)

A)check for a heartbeat.
B)shock the heart if required.
C)use electronic voice commands to guide bystanders in taking appropriate actions.
D)are now available at many senior centers, malls, schools, and other public places.
E)include all of these.

Question 18

Which of the following is usually NOT present in an open circulation system?

A)veins
B)a heart
C)arteries
D)blood
E)capillaries

Question 19

If a test tube of whole blood is subjected to centrifugation, the cells will be packed in the bottom of the tube, and the fluid above it is

A)water.
B)serum.
C)lymph.
D)interstitial fluid.
E)plasma.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT an important function of the lymph system?

A)fighting infection
B)transporting dissolved gases
C)reclaiming fluids
D)harboring white blood cells
E)preventing edema

Question 21

Type A blood will NOT agglutinate when mixed with

A)type B blood.
B)type A blood.
C)type AB blood.
D)type O blood.
E)types A and AB.

Question 22

Red blood cells originate in the

A)liver.
B)spleen.
C)yellow bone marrow.
D)red bone marrow.
E)thymus gland.

Question 23

Which cell does NOT have a nucleus in humans?

A)erythrocytes
B)lymphocytes
C)neutrophils
D)eosinophils
E)macrophages

Question 24

Most of the oxygen in the blood is transported by

A)plasma.
B)megakaryocytes.
C)platelets.
D)hemoglobin.
E)leukocytes.

Question 25

How long does the average red blood cell live?

A)4 days
B)4 weeks
C)4 months
D)1 year
E)4 years

Question 26

Which of the following releases substances that initiate blood clotting?

A)lymphocytes
B)basophils
C)erythrocytes
D)neutrophils
E)platelets

Question 27

Hemoglobin contains which element?

A)chlorine
B)sodium
C)iron
D)copper
E)magnesium

Question 28

Which cell does NOT belong with the others?

A)erythrocytes
B)neutrophils
C)lymphocytes
D)eosinophils
E)macrophages

Question 29

Which of the following have no nuclei?

A)platelets
B)leukocytes
C)erythrocytes
D)platelets and erythrocytes
E)leukocytes and erythrocytes

Question 30

Which white blood cells are granulocytes?

A)neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils
B)B lymphocytes
C)eosinophils and dendritic cells
D)monocytes
E)natural killer cells

Question 31

Which cell is NOT involved with the immune system?

A)erythrocytes
B)neutrophils
C)lymphocytes
D)eosinophils
E)macrophages

Question 32

If you are blood type A,

A)your immune system will recognize blood cells with type B markers as foreign.
B)you carry markers for type B blood.
C)you can donate blood to a person with type O blood.
D)you can receive blood from a person with type AB blood.
E)none of these are true.

Question 33

A normal red blood cell count range is __________ per microliter.

A)3,000-6,750
B)20,000-100,000
C)250,000-300,000
D)1.6-3.2 million
E)4.8-5.4 million

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a function of some leukocytes?

A)engulf and destroy damaged or dead cells
B)engulf anything recognized as "nonself"
C)call up specific immune responses
D)carry out specific immune responses
E)secrete substances that initiate blood clotting

Question 35

Hemostasis is

A)a four phase process to clot blood in the veins.
B)a three phase process to clot and seal wounds.
C)a process of leukemia formation.
D)a type of anemia.
E)none of these.

Question 36

Megakaryocytes

A)produce platelets by fragmentation.
B)produce leukocytes.
C)are wandering phagocytes.
D)are disk-shaped cells that transport gases.
E)produce antibodies.

Question 37

What color is oxygenated blood?

A)yellow
B)pink
C)bright red
D)blue
E)purple

Question 38

All of the following are stages of hemostasis in minor injuries EXCEPT

A)the vascular phase.
B)when platelets stick at infected site.
C)the coagulation phase.
D)the polyfibrosemic phase.
E)when thrombin starts the clotting process.

Question 39

Megakaryocytes fragment to produce

A)red blood cells.
B)lymphocytes.
C)platelets.
D)eosinophils.
E)neutrophils.

Question 40

Human red blood cells

A)have no nuclei when mature.
B)are the primary carriers of carbon dioxide in the blood.
C)are phagocytes.
D)release clotting factors when they are ruptured.
E)are produced in lymphoid organs.

Question 41

During the cardiac cycle,

A)blood flows into the ventricles even before the atria contract.
B)the AV valves open when ventricular pressure is greater than atrial pressure.
C)the semilunar valves open as the ventricles relax.
D)the semilunar valves open as the atria contract.
E)all of these occur.

Question 42

The __________ deliver(s) blood to the neck, head, and brain.

A)jugular veins
B)iliac arteries
C)carotid arteries
D)inferior vena cava
E)femoral arteries

Question 43

The pulmonary artery carries blood away from the

A)aorta.
B)right atrium.
C)right ventricle.
D)left atrium.
E)left ventricle.

Question 44

What occurs during systole?

A)Oxygenated blood is pumped to the lungs.
B)The heart muscle tissues contract.
C)The atrioventricular valves suddenly open.
D)Oxygen-poor blood from all body regions except the lungs flows into the right atrium.
E)All of these occur.

Question 45

In an Rh incompatability during pregnancy, the mother

A)must be positive and her first and second fetuses positive.
B)must be negative and her first and second fetuses positive.
C)must be negative and her first and second fetuses negative.
D)must be positive and her first and second fetuses negative.
E)and the father must both be negative and the fetus positive.

Question 46

For an Rh incompatibility to occur during pregnancy, the mother must be

A)positive and the father negative.
B)negative and the father negative.
C)negative and the fetus positive.
D)negative and the father positive.
E)positive and the fetus negative.

Question 47

Blood in arteries

A)always travels away from the heart.
B)travels away from the heart only if it is oxygenated.
C)always travels toward the heart.
D)travels from the lungs.
E)is always oxygenated.

Question 48

The __________ deliver oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

A)pulmonary arteries
B)brachial arteries
C)femoral arteries
D)pulmonary veins
E)jugular veins

Question 49

The receiving region of a vertebrate heart is

A)the superior vena cava.
B)the aorta.
C)the atrium.
D)the capillary bed.
E)all of these.

Question 50

The human heart

A)contracts as a result of stimuli from the sinoatrial node.
B)contracts only as a result of nerve stimulation from the central nervous system.
C)is activated primarily through the autonomic nervous system.
D)rate is primarily under the control of the atrioventricular node.
E)is independent of all nervous control.

Question 51

Which of the following systems is the only one to have direct interactions with the other four?

A)digestive
B)urinary
C)circulatory
D)respiratory
E)endocrine

Question 52

The __________ deliver(s) nutrient-rich blood from the small intestine to the liver.

A)renal arteries
B)hepatic portal vein
C)abdominal aorta
D)inferior vena cava
E)coronary arteries

Question 53

Which blood type is the universal donor?

A)A
B)B
C)AB
D)O
E)none of these

Question 54

Blood usually continues on from capillaries to enter __________ in its travel through the human body.

A)arterioles
B)venules
C)arteries
D)veins
E)other capillaries

Question 55

Blood from the body is first received by the heart in the

A)coronary vein.
B)left atrium.
C)right ventricle.
D)right atrium.
E)left ventricle.

Question 56

The pacemaker is which of the following nodes?

A)sinoatrial
B)semilunar
C)atrioventricular
D)inferior vena cava
E)superior vena cava

Question 57

Which blood type is the universal recipient?

A)A
B)B
C)AB
D)O
E)none of these

Question 58

An artificial pacemaker supplements the actions of

A)sympathetic neurons.
B)the atrioventricular node.
C)the medulla oblongata.
D)the sinoatrial node.
E)the heart muscle itself.

Question 59

The aorta leaves the

A)left atrium.
B)right atrium.
C)left ventricle.
D)right ventricle.
E)pulmonary trunk.

Question 60

Atria differ from ventricles in that they

A)are larger.
B)have thicker walls with more muscle.
C)receive blood from veins.
D)have a higher blood pressure.
E)empty through semilunar valves.

Question 61

Which of the following controls the distribution of blood?

A)arteries
B)arterioles
C)capillaries
D)venules
E)veins

Question 62

The kidneys receive about __________ percent of the cardiac output at rest.

A)5
B)9
C)13
D)15
E)20

Question 63

Resistance to blood flow depends mainly on

A)the diastolic pressure.
B)elastic tissue of the vessels.
C)blood vessel diameter.
D)valves in the vessels.
E)ultrafiltration pressure in the capillaries.

Question 64

Capillary reabsorption

A)is the movement of materials through capillaries.
B)is the movement of components of the interstitial fluid into a capillary bed.
C)occurs at the beginning of the capillary bed.
D)occurs at the end of the capillary bed.
E)is the movement of components of the interstitial fluid into a capillary bed, and it occurs at the end of the capillary bed.

Question 65

Which of the following statements is false?

A)A heart will stop beating when the nerves to the heart are severed.
B)Some cardiac muscle cells are self-excitatory.
C)The pacemaker of the heart is the sinoatrial node.
D)Cardiac muscle cells have numerous gap junctions on their sides to allow rapid communication.
E)Cardiac muscle cells of the two ventricles contract essentially in unison.

Question 66

Which of the following is NOT found in an arteriole?

A)elastic layer
B)basement membrane
C)rings of smooth muscle
D)valve
E)endothelium

Question 67

Which of the following is (are) characteristic of arteries?

A)rapid transport vessels
B)large diameter
C)pressure reservoirs
D)low resistance vessels
E)all of these

Question 68

Normal blood pressure readings depend on all EXCEPT

A)total blood volume.
B)cardiac output.
C)arteriole resistance.
D)pulmonary circulation.
E)receptors in the aorta and carotid arteries

Question 69

Which of the following are pressure reservoirs with low resistance to flow?

A)arteries
B)arterioles
C)capillaries
D)venules
E)veins

Question 70

The diastolic pressure for a normal young adult is

A)60 mm Hg.
B)80 mm Hg.
C)100 mm Hg.
D)120 mm Hg.
E)140 mm Hg.

Question 71

At the arteriole end of the capillary, more fluid leaves the capillary than enters as a result of

A)osmotic pressure.
B)hydrostatic pressure
C)gap junctions.
D)vasodilation.
E)all of these.

Question 72

Cardiac muscle cells

A)do not contract by a sliding filament mechanism.
B)are similar to those of smooth muscle in being nonstriated.
C)have fewer mitochondria than skeletal muscle cells do.
D)possess numerous gap junctions on their sides, favoring rapid spread of excitation.
E)have intercalated disks with tight junctions at their branching ends.

Question 73

Which of the following statements is (are) true?

A)The systolic pressure is determined when the first sound is heard after pumping up the pressure cuff.
B)The diastolic pressure is the smaller of the two pressure values.
C)The diastolic pressure is determined when the sounds stop as air is released from the cuff.
D)Diastole is at the end of the cardiac cycle.
E)All of these are true.

Question 74

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Veins lack smooth muscle and elastic fibers.
B)Parasympathetic nervous system stimulation decreases heart rate.
C)Adjustments to blood flow result from stimuli from the nervous and endocrine systems and from changes in local chemicals.
D)Thrombin is an enzyme that acts on fibrinogen.
E)Hemostasis stops bleeding.

Question 75

The cardiac conduction system consists of

A)the sinoatrial node.
B)the atrioventricular node.
C)junctional fibers.
D)a branching bundle of fibers.
E)all of these.

Question 76

The part of the brain responsible for blood pressure regulation is the

A)medulla oblongata.
B)cerebellum.
C)cerebrum.
D)corpus callosum.
E)pons.

Question 77

Which of the following can vary the resistance to blood flow by controlling their musculature?

A)arteries
B)veins
C)capillaries
D)arterioles
E)all of these

Question 78

Which of the following function as blood volume reservoirs because of their great distensibility?

A)veins and venules
B)arteries
C)arterioles
D)capillaries
E)all of these

Question 79

The greatest drop in blood pressure occurs in the

A)arteries.
B)arterioles.
C)capillaries.
D)venules.
E)veins.

Question 80

During exercise, the skeletal muscles receive __________ blood, the brain receives __________ blood, and the gut receives __________ blood than at rest.

A)more; the same amount of; less
B)more; less; less
C)the same amount of; the same amount of; less
D)the same amount of; the same amount of; more
E)less; more; less