Deck 27: Human Evolution: a Case Study

Question 1

Growth __________, but development __________.

A)is qualitative; is quantitative
B)is measured by increased cell numbers; is measured by increased cell specialization
C)occurs only in infants; occurs only in adolescents
D)continues throughout life; stops at puberty
E)is objective; is subjective

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which is NOT true regarding heat stroke?

A)Symptoms include decreased sweating and increased body temperature.
B)Heart rate drops as dehydration worsens.
C)Individuals may faint.
D)Enzymes and other body proteins denature.
E)Brain damage or death may result.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Movement of a molecule against a concentration gradient is

A)simple diffusion.
B)facilitated diffusion.
C)osmosis.
D)active transport.
E)bulk flow.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The organism in the above figure would have

A)complex vascular systems.
B)complex excretory systems to withstand marine water.
C)few vascular systems because the cells are near the surface.
D)thick cuticles to withstand dehydration.
E)none of these.

Question 5

The net direction that an ion or molecule moves is

A)dependent upon the size of the molecule.
B)unpredictable because movement is random.
C)determined by the temperature of the medium.
D)determined by the membranes in the vicinity.
E)the result of concentration differences.

Question 6

Anatomy deals with

A)processes by which an individual survives and reproduces.
B)how the body's structures are put to use.
C)how metabolism and behaviors are adjusted when conditions change.
D)control mechanisms that regulate body processes.
E)how the body is structured.

Question 7

Plant adaptations to life on land

A)involve mainly the shoot system.
B)include lignin-reinforced cell walls.
C)include pipelines that conduct water from soil to leaves.
D)involve only the root system.
E)include lignin-reinforced cell walls and pipelines that conduct water from soil to leaves.

Question 8

The term __________ describes a state where the body's internal fluid environment is maintained within a tolerable range.

A)metabolism
B)equilibrium
C)homeostasis
D)integration
E)compartmentalization

Question 9

Xylem

A)involves mainly the shoot system.
B)includes lignin-reinforced cell walls.
C)involves the roots.
D)involve stomata.
E)includes pipelines that conduct water from soil to leaves.

Question 10

Humans function best when their internal temperature ranges between __________ and __________degrees Fahrenheit.

A)97; 100
B)95; 102
C)93; 104
D)90; 106
E)80; 100

Question 11

An organ is defined as

A)a single tissue grouped together to perform a specific function.
B)2 or more tissues in specific proportions grouped together to perform a specific function.
C)cells of different tissues linked together by the circulatory system to allow multiple functions.
D)only the reproductive parts in plants.
E)none of these.

Question 12

The minimum level of organization where a "division of labor" is seen is the __________ level.

A)cellular
B)organ
C)tissue
D)organ system
E)body

Question 13

__________ are small gaps across a leaf's epidermis that help regulate water and gas levels in the plant.

A)Palisade cells
B)Mesophyll
C)Roots
D)Stomata
E)All of these

Question 14

Which of the following represents the correct hierarchy of organization in the human body?

A)cells >>> tissues >>> organ systems >>> organs
B)cells >>> tissues >>> organs >>> organ systems
C)tissues >>> cells >>> organs >>> organ systems
D)tissues >>> organs >>> cells >>> organ systems
E)organs >>> tissues >>> cells >>> organ systems

Question 15

Which of the following terms is the study of an organism's function?

A)cytology
B)anatomy
C)psychology
D)physiology
E)endocrinology

Question 16

If the volume of a cell increases, its surface area will

A)decrease.
B)remain the same.
C)increase proportionately.
D)increase to a greater degree.
E)increase to a lesser degree.

Question 17

In both plants and animals, the vascular system transports

A)water.
B)nutrients.
C)chemical signaling molecules.
D)defensive molecules.
E)all of these.

Question 18

When the human body temperature rises above 105 degrees Fahrenheit,

A)normal cooling mechanisms fail.
B)the heart beats more rapidly than normal.
C)mental confusion sets in.
D)symptoms of heat stroke develop.
E)all of these occur.

Question 19

The vascular tissues of plants are composed of

A)epidermis and ground meristem.
B)ground tissue.
C)xylem and phloem.
D)arteries and veins.
E)sap and water.

Question 20

Which of the following is the study of an organism's form?

A)philosophy
B)anatomy
C)phylogeny
D)taxonomy
E)physiology

Question 21

An effector can be

A)muscle.
B)nerve.
C)gland.
D)receptor.
E)both muscle and gland.

Question 22

Control of body temperature is an example of which of the following?

A)homeostatic mechanism
B)positive feedback system
C)endocrine function
D)negative feedback system
E)both homeostatic mechanism and negative feedback system

Question 23

Symptoms of heat stroke include which of the following?

A)nausea and vomiting
B)blurred vision
C)dizziness
D)muscle cramping
E)all of these

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT an example of compartmentalization?

A)thickened walls around plant wounds
B)secretion of phenols
C)production of resins
D)response to fungal attack
E)circadian rhythms

Question 25

Use the figure above to answer questions

In this diagram of a negative feedback system, what labeled box represents a receptor?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)A and C
E)All of these

Question 26

Which cross-section of a tree demonstrates significant system acquired resistance?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)None of these
E)All of these

Question 27

Active transport mechanisms

A)in roots regulate what solutes enter the plant.
B)in leaves help control water loss.
C)operate in animal kidneys and neurons.
D)do all of these.
E)do none of these.

Question 28

A habitat

A)has a specific set of resources.
B)is a place where a population lives.
C)has a unique set of challenges.
D)can vary a little or a lot.
E)fits all of these descriptions.

Question 29

Which of the following involves a positive feedback system?

A)temperature control
B)labor and delivery of the fetus
C)glucose concentration
D)absorption of toxins
E)muscle contraction

Question 30

Which of the following are examples of integrators?

A)brain, spinal cord
B)muscles, glands
C)sensory cells in eye, tongue, and ear
D)bones
E)none of these

Question 31

Which of the following is most directly associated with a stimulus?

A)integrators
B)receptors
C)effectors
D)central nervous system
E)all of these

Question 32

Use the figure above to answer questions

In this diagram of a negative feedback system, what labeled box represents an effector?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)A and B
E)None of these

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about heat stroke?

A)175 Americans die annually from it.
B)Peer pressure may increase risk.
C)Immediate medical treatment will reverse it,
D)Body temperature can reach 108 degrees.
E)It is more likely to occur on a humid day.

Question 34

Profuse sweating due to heat stroke causes all except which of the following?

A)impaired judgment
B)increased blood flow to internal organs
C)tissues are starved of nutrients and oxygen
D)organs release toxins into the bloodstream
E)changes in the salt concentration of the extracellular fluid

Question 35

Which of the following is the correct sequence involved in the regulation of organ systems?

A)stimulus, receptor, integrator, response, effector
B)stimulus, response, integrator, receptor, effector
C)stimulus, receptor, integrator, effector, response
D)stimulus, integrator, receptor, effector, response
E)stimulus, effector, integrator, receptor, response

Question 36

Rhythmic leaf folding is an example of

A)positive feedback.
B)division of labor.
C)circadian rhythms.
D)homeostasis.
E)negative feedback.

Question 37

Which cross-section of a tree illustrates a strong compartmentalization response?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)B and C
E)All of these

Question 38

Which statement is NOT true about yellow bush lupine?

A)It is native to northern California.
B)It thrives in nitrogen-deficient soil.
C)Its leaves have a dense array of epidermal hairs.
D)Its leaves fold in response to wind and heat.
E)Its leaves are adapted for water conservation.

Question 39

Local and long-distance signals in cells will trigger changes in

A)metabolism.
B)gene expression.
C)growth.
D)development.
E)any of these.

Question 40

In feedback systems,

A)an integrator is involved.
B)a set point may be established.
C)receptors are required to monitor changing conditions.
D)changes in either internal or external environmental conditions result in a response by the organism.
E)all of these occur.

Question 41

During apoptosis

A)digestive enzymes are unleashed.
B)proteases break down structural proteins.
C)nucleases break down nucleic acids.
D)the nucleus breaks apart.
E)all of these occur.

Question 42

The process of programmed cell death is

A)exocytosis.
B)apoptosis.
C)system acquired resistance.
D)metastasis.
E)unknown.

Question 43

The above figure represents

A)normal apoptosis.
B)two digits that did not separate due to low apoptosis.
C)elongated digital cell development.
D)a special effect from an alien movie.
E)none of these.

Question 44

Which of the following is the correct operational sequence in the molecular mechanisms of cell-to-cell communication? I.signal transduction
II)receptor activation
III)functional response

A)I >>> II >>> III
B)II >>> I >>> III
C)III >>> I >>> II
D)II >>> III >>> I
E)I >>> III >>> II