Deck 9: How Cells Reproduce

Question 1

When the chromosome is most condensed, which of the following is true?

A)Proteins are used to wind up the DNA.
B)They are less susceptible to radiation.
C)Lipid droplets form "beads on a string."
D)Carbohydrates wind the DNA into clusters.
E)None of these are true.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The unique feature of HeLa cells that make them important for research is that

A)they are identical to all other human cells.
B)they are immortal cells and will grow in culture.
C)they are limited in growth cycles.
D)they are like stem cells.
E)all of these make them important.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

HeLa cells have been used in research to

A)identify viral strains.
B)investigate cancer.
C)study the effects of radiation on cells.
D)develop tissue culture techniques that produced a polio vaccine.
E)all of these.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The number of chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell

A)differs in various somatic cells of an individual.
B)varies during the life cycle.
C)is haploid among asexually reproducing forms and diploid if they reproduce sexually.
D)is the same for all members of a species.
E)is dependent on the age of the tissue.

Question 5

Which process is absolutely necessary for sexual reproduction to occur in a life cycle but is not necessarily required for organisms that only reproduce asexually?

A)prokaryotic fission
B)mitosis
C)meiosis
D)cytokinesis
E)growth factor activation

Question 6

Chromosomes are duplicated during what stage of the cell cycle?

A)M
B)D
C)G₁
D)G₂
E)S

Question 7

Mitosis and cytoplasmic division function in

A)growth.
B)repair of damaged tissue.
C)replacement of worn-out cells.
D)asexual reproduction.
E)all of these.

Question 8

Chromosomes and genes are replicated during

A)anaphase.
B)metaphase.
C)interphase.
D)prophase.
E)telophase.

Question 9

A portion of a DNA molecule wound around a spool of histone protein is called a

A)centromere.
B)nucleosome.
C)spindle.
D)furrow.
E)cell cycle.

Question 10

Chromatids that are attached at the centromere are called what kind of chromatids?

A)mother
B)daughter
C)sister
D)programmed
E)either mother or daughter

Question 11

Which of these statements concerning the centromere is NOT true?

A)It appears to join duplicated DNAs.
B)It anchors proteins to DNA.
C)Its position along the chromosome varies.
D)It is the location site for microtubule attachment.
E)It is temporary.

Question 12

Chromosomes become visible during prophase of mitosis as a result of

A)uncoiling.
B)DNA synthesis.
C)condensation.
D)chromatid duplication.
E)addition of proteins to the DNA.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT an example of the results of mitosis?

A)a pair of identical twins
B)a group of rooted plant cuttings from a single plant
C)the cells produced by the asexual reproduction of a single-celled organism
D)the offspring produced by two parents
E)healing of a wound

Question 14

During the "gap" phases of the cell cycle, most of the activity is directed toward

A)DNA replication.
B)nuclear membrane synthesis.
C)resting for the next step.
D)sorting the chromosomes.
E)growing and synthesizing proteins

Question 15

The number of DNA molecules in a duplicated chromosome is

A)one.
B)undetermined.
C)half that of an unduplicated chromosome.
D)two.
E)four.

Question 16

The interval before the onset of DNA replication is called

A)the G₁ stage.
B)the G₂ stage.
C)the M stage.
D)the S stage.
E)all of these stages.

Question 17

Understanding cell division requires knowledge about

A)information that guides inheritance.
B)how information in a parent cell is copied.
C)mechanisms that distribute information to daughter cells.
D)mechanisms that ensure new individuals receive parental information.
E)all of these.

Question 18

DNA replication occurs

A)between the gap phases of interphase.
B)immediately before prophase of mitosis.
C)during prophase of mitosis.
D)during prophase of meiosis.
E)at any time during cell division.

Question 19

Division of eukaryotic cells into two identical cells is called

A)growth.
B)meiosis.
C)mitosis.
D)asexual reproduction.
E)all of these.

Question 20

Proteins that resemble spools on which DNA molecules are wound are called

A)kinetochores.
B)centrioles.
C)motor proteins.
D)histones.
E)spindles.

Question 21

In which of the stages below does each chromosome consist of two DNA molecules? I.metaphase
II)telophase
III)prophase
IV)anaphase

A)III and IV
B)I, III, and IV
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
E)I, II, III, and IV

Question 22

In eukaryotic cells, which can occur during the stages of mitosis?

A)the duplication of chromatids
B)the replication of DNA
C)synapsis and crossing over
D)fragmentation and disappearance of nuclear envelope
E)all of these

Question 23

Which statement is TRUE of the behavior of chromosomes in mitosis?

A)Each new cell receives half of the number of chromosomes in the original cell.
B)Each new cell receives copies of all the original chromosomes.
C)If the original number of chromosomes was 46, each new cell will have 23.
D)The sister chromosomes are not identical due to breakages in the DNA.
E)All chromosomes are duplicated except the sex chromosomes.

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT true of spindles?

A)They are permanent cell structures.
B)Centrosomes act as microtubule originating centers for spindles.
C)Some of their microtubules overlap at the cell equator.
D)They are composed of microtubules.
E)They are bipolar.

Question 25

The entire process of producing two cells from one cell

A)starts with prophase.
B)ends with cytokinesis.
C)results in the equal distribution of organelles between cells.
D)occurs only in multicellular organisms.
E)starts with prophase and ends with cytokinesis.

Question 26

In mitosis, if a parent cell has 16 chromosomes, each daughter cell will have how many chromosomes?

A)64
B)32
C)16
D)8
E)4

Question 27

The above figure reveals which of the following about the organism that it was obtained from?

A)male
B)female
C)human
D)mouse
E)two of these are correct

Question 28

The chromosomes arrive at opposite poles during

A)anaphase.
B)metaphase.
C)interphase.
D)prophase.
E)telophase.

Question 29

The chromatids detach from one another and become visibly separate chromosomes during

A)anaphase.
B)metaphase.
C)interphase.
D)prophase.
E)telophase.

Question 30

The nuclear membrane re-forms during

A)anaphase.
B)metaphase.
C)interphase.
D)prophase.
E)telophase.

Question 31

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Once a person reaches maturity, cell division stops except to repair wounds.
B)Cell division in an adult signifies cancer.
C)Some specific cells throughout the body retain the ability to divide and replace themselves.
D)Mitosis always produces haploid cells.
E)All cells retain the ability to divide even after the organism reaches maturity.

Question 32

The spindle apparatus is composed of

A)Golgi bodies.
B)microtubules.
C)endoplasmic reticulum.
D)nucleoprotein.
E)chromatids.

Question 33

The stage just preceding nuclear and cytoplasmic division is

A)the G₁ stage.
B)the G₂ stage.
C)the M stage.
D)the S stage.
E)all of these stages.

Question 34

If a parent cell has 16 chromosomes, how many sister chromatids will be present after duplication of the chromosomes?

A)64
B)32
C)16
D)8
E)4

Question 35

The chromosomes are aligned midway between the spindle poles at

A)anaphase.
B)metaphase.
C)interphase.
D)prophase.
E)telophase.

Question 36

The spindle apparatus begins to become visible during

A)anaphase.
B)metaphase.
C)interphase.
D)prophase.
E)telophase.

Question 37

Mitosis comes from the Greek word "mitos," which means

A)divide.
B)grow.
C)swell.
D)thread.
E)shrink.

Question 38

The chromosomes move to opposite poles during

A)anaphase.
B)metaphase.
C)interphase.
D)prophase.
E)telophase.

Question 39

Which of the following four statements is false?

A)The location of the centromere is unique for each chromosome.
B)The bipolar spindle forms during nuclear division.
C)The spindle apparatus is composed of microtubules.
D)Some microtubules overlap at the spindle equator.
E)None of these are false.

Question 40

Cells with two of each kind of chromosome are described by the term

A)polyploid.
B)diploid.
C)triploid.
D)haploid.
E)tetraploid.

Question 41

This illustration shows

A)cytoplasmic division in an animal cell.
B)a contractile ring mechanism.
C)how chromosomes are dragged to the poles.
D)cytoplasmic division in an animal cell and a contractile ring mechanism.
E)cytoplasmic division in an animal cell and how chromosomes are dragged to the poles.

Question 42

Which of the following is the proper sequence for mitosis? I.metaphase
II)telophase
III)prophase
IV)anaphase

A)I, III, IV, II
B)I, II, III, IV
C)III, I, IV, II
D)IV, I, III, II
E)III, IV, I, II

Question 43

The distribution of cytoplasm to daughter cells is accomplished during

A)prokaryotic fission.
B)mitosis.
C)meiosis.
D)cytokinesis.
E)karyokinesis.

Question 44

Cancer cells

A)have altered plasma membranes.
B)have a lessened ability to attach to other cells.
C)divide to produce high densities of cells.
D)show an amplified reliance on glycolysis.
E)exhibit all of these.

Question 45

Unusual growth of cells that do not pose a threat to surrounding tissues are termed

A)malignant.
B)benign.
C)metastatic.
D)carcinogenic.
E)repressed.

Question 46

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Chromosomes do not pair during mitosis.
B)Genes and chromosomes are duplicated during prophase.
C)Each species has a specific number of chromosomes.
D)New nuclei are formed during telophase.
E)A diploid cell will produce two diploid daughter cells by mitosis.

Question 47

The illustration shows a cell in __________ of mitosis.

A)anaphase
B)metaphase
C)interphase
D)prophase
E)telophase

Question 48

When a cell undergoes mitosis,

A)the daughter cells have identical genes.
B)the daughter cell has genes identical to those of the mother cell that produced it.
C)the amount of cytoplasm in the mother cell and in each of the daughter cells is equal.
D)there is an exact duplication and division of all of the organelles between daughter cells.
E)the daughter cells have identical genes, and the daughter cell has genes identical to those of the mother cell that produced it.

Question 49

Which of the following statements is TRUE about anaphase?

A)When sister chromatids separate, each is called a chromosome.
B)Motor proteins drag chromosomes towards the poles.
C)Some microtubules slide past each other, pushing the poles farther apart.
D)Kinetochore microtubules shrink at both ends.
E)All of these are true.

Question 50

Cytoplasmic division in animal cells involves all EXCEPT

A)formation of a cell plate.
B)a contractile ring mechanism.
C)a deepening cleavage furrow.
D)a ring of actin filaments under the plasma membrane at the equator.
E)ATP.

Question 51

Cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis)

A)differs in plant and animal cells.
B)usually accompanies nuclear division.
C)involves microtubules and/or actin filaments.
D)in plant cells utilizes an established zone marking the plane of division.
E)does all of these.

Question 52

When cells are not responding to normal controls over growth and division, they form a tissue mass known as a

A)metastasis.
B)malignancy.
C)tumor.
D)carcinogen.
E)nucleosome.

Question 53

Which of the following statements concerning cancer cells is most accurate?

A)Oncogenes are part of the regulatory section of a chromosome.
B)Tumor cells have lost their inhibition to stop dividing.
C)Oncogenes help control runaway cell division.
D)Benign tumors usually spread to other body parts.
E)Metastasis is the spread of benign tumors.