Deck 1: Introduction

Question 1

State the four dimensions of applied behavior analysis.

Answer 1

The dimensions of applied behavior analysis include: (a)a focus on measurable behavior that is socially significant; (b)a strong emphasis on the learning principles frequently referred to as operant conditioning, to develop treatment strategies; (c)an attempt to clearly demonstrate that the treatment that was applied was responsible for the improvement in the behavior that was measured; and (d)a demonstration of generalizable and long-lasting improvements in behavior.

Question 2

What are two disadvantages of using summary labels to refer to individuals or their actions? Give an example of each.

Answer 2

(a)They may lead to pseudo explanations of behavior.For example, a child who inverts words while reading might be labeled as dyslexic.If we ask why the child inverts words, and we are given the answer, "Because he is dyslexic," then the summary label for behavior has been used as a pseudo explanation for the behavior.(b)They can negatively affect the way a labeled individual might be treated.For example, suppose a teenager consistently fails to help his parents perform chores around the house.If the parents describe their son as "lazy", that label may cause them to focus more on the problem behavior than to praise positive behaviors.Any appropriate examples are acceptable.

Question 3

What is a behavioral excess? Give two examples that are not in this chapter.

Answer 3

Too much behavior of a particular type.For example, a child frequently plays with the dials on the television set, and throws food on the floor at mealtime.Any other two appropriate examples are acceptable.

Question 4

What was Aaron Beck referring to with respect to the term cognitive therapy?

Question 5

Describe two dimensions of behavior.

Question 6

What are three reasons why the authors describe behavior problems in terms of specific behavioral deficits or excesses?

Question 7

State seven defining characteristics of behavior modification.

Question 8

What is a behavioral deficit? Give two examples that are not in this chapter.

Question 9

What is behavior, generally and technically?

Question 10

Define behavior modification.

Question 11

From a behavioral point of view, what do terms like intelligence or creativity refer to?

Question 12

Briefly describe B.F.Skinner's early influence on behavior modification?

Question 13

Briefly describe Joseph Wolpe's contribution to the early history of behavior therapy.

Question 14

What are cognitive behaviors?

Question 15

Define behavioral assessment.

Question 16

Distinguish between overt and covert behaviors.

Question 17

What is meant by the term target behavior? Give an example of a target behavior of yours that you would like to improve. Is your target behavior a behavioral deficit to increase or a behavioral excess to decrease?

Question 18

What are two positive reasons that summary terms for behavior patterns are used frequently in psychology and in everyday life?

Question 19

What are stimuli?

Question 20

Distinguish between behavior and products of behavior.

Question 21

Give five reasons why many behavior modifiers use the DSM-5.

Question 22

How is the term applied behavior analyst used in this book chapter?

Question 23

What is a potential disadvantage of using the DSM-5?

Question 24

What is the full title of the DSM-5? Describe what it is in a sentence.

Question 25

What is key to ensuring ethical and effective treatment programs by applied behavior analysts/behavior therapists?

Question 26

State two guidelines to ensure that target behaviors for behavior modification are the most important for the client and society.

Question 27

How is the term behavior therapist used in this book?

Question 28

List four subtopics that address ethical issues in behavior modification programs.

Question 29

What is meant by "people first language" when describing individuals with problems? Illustrate with an example.

Question 30

List four myths or misconceptions about behavior modification.