Deck 18: Antecedent Control: Modeling, Guidance, and Situational Inducement

Question 1

In the dialogue between the client and the therapist concerning the client's difficulty in asking for a date, briefly describe
a.how modeling was involved
b.how instructions were involved
c.how shaping was involved

Answer 1

The therapist: (a)modeled appropriate phrases; (b)instructed the client to practice similar behavior; (c)reinforced successive approximations to the desired behavior (e.g., saying "That was better," when the client expressed himself better).

Question 2

What do we mean by the term situational inducement? Which term given previously in this book has essentially the same meaning (see p.98)?

Answer 2

"Situational inducement" involves influencing a particular behavior by using situations and occasions that already exert control over the behavior.A close synonym is "environmental prompting."

Question 3

Identify a behavior that you were influenced to perform as a result of physical guidance. Describe how physical guidance was involved.

Answer 3

Any appropriate example involving physical guidance, plus a brief description of how guidance was involved.

Question 4

Describe each of the four categories of situational inducement.

Question 5

For each of the following examples, identify the category of situational inducement in which it might best be placed and indicate why.
a.On Saturday afternoon, an exercise buff can't seem to get the energy to lift weights.To increase the likelihood of weight lifting, the exercise buff places the weights in the center of the exercise room, turns on the TV to a sporting event, and opens a copy of Muscle Beach magazine to the centerfold showing a famous bodybuilder.
b.It is said that Victor Hugo, a renowned writer, controlled his work habits in his study by having his servant take his clothes away and not bring them back until the end of the day (Wallace, 1971, pp.68-69).
c.To stop drinking, an alcoholic surrounds herself or himself with members of Alcoholics Anonymous and stops seeing her or his old drinking buddies.
d.A couch potato has decided to jog a mile every night before going to bed.Alas, "the road to hell [or perhaps to heart attack] is paved with good intentions." Late nights, good TV, wine with dinner, and other delights take their toll.Three months later, the couch potato is still overweight and out of shape because of many missed jogging nights.The couch potato takes a friend's advice to change the routine and begins jogging each day immediately upon arriving home and before eating dinner.
e.After many interruptions while working on this book at the university, the authors began working at one of their homes.

Question 6

Give an example from your own experience of each of the four categories of situational inducement.

Question 7

Define modeling. How was it incorporated into the therapy sessions with James?

Question 8

What is generalized imitation? Describe an example.

Question 9

What does the term physical guidance mean? How does it differ from gestural prompting (see p.98)?

Question 10

Define or describe behavioral rehearsal (or role-playing), and give an example.

Question 11

Describe two recent situations in which you were influenced by modeling to emit a behavior. For each instance, describe which of the four factors that influence the effectiveness of modeling were present.

Question 12

According to the proposed guidelines for the use of rules, modeling, and physical guidance,
a.what behavior principle is used with all three procedures?
b.what two other behavioral procedures are likely to be used with all three procedures?

Question 13

Describe the specific steps you might go through in using modeling to overcome the extreme withdrawal behavior of a nursery school child who never interacts with other children. Identify the basic principles and procedures being applied in your program.

Question 14

Describe five processes by which imitative behavior might be learned, and give an example of each.

Question 15

List four strategies that you might follow to influence the effectiveness of modeling as a behavior modification technique.