Deck 2: Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Question 1

Mary Lynn Dodson knew as soon as her son, Lou, was born that he was somehow "different." She remembered that Lou never liked to be held. "If I tried to cuddle him, he would cry something awful and arch his back. It was so hard to keep him close to me," she added. Lou seemed to be in his own world and rarely even looked at his mother. He often rocked himself back and forth in his crib. Aside from grunting noises, Lou did not talk. As Lou grew older, Ms. Dodson observed that he would get upset if there was even the smallest change in his routine. His favorite toy was his train set. His mother reported that Lou was fascinated with the wheels and would spin them over and over. Lou's diagnosis is:

A)Echopraxia disorder
B)Asperger's disorder
C)Echolalia disorder
D)Autism spectrum disorder

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In most cases, the child with a neurodevelopmental disorder can be considered to be an involuntary client since it is usually somebody else who identifies the problem.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

One of the most well-recognized childhood developmental disorders characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsiveness is

A)Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
B)Disinhibited social engagement disorder
C)Oppositional defiant disorder
D)Reactive attachment disorder

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Christina is now 6 years old. Her mother reports that Christina's developmental milestones were unremarkable but adds, "She achieved them in her own time and in her own way." Christina was talking by the time she was 2 and using complex sentences by the time she was 4 years old. Her school work is average but she often seems distracted because she is preoccupied with learning the multiplication tables. Her classmates see her as "different" and leave her alone. Christina is content to be by herself and practices intricate multiplications. Her diagnosis is:

A)Pervasive developmental disorder NOS
B)Autism spectrum disorder
C)Conduct disorder
D)Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Question 5

Little Sammie, a nickname since childhood, is a 23 year-old single man who lives at home with his parents, Joe and Isabelle Carhart. He is an only child. Sammie attended special education classes and since graduation has been working in a sheltered workshop. Joe comments, "My son is a hard worker and gets along really well on the job." However, Joe and his wife are becoming increasingly concerned about how Sammie will manage if something happens to them. "My son is such a good boy but he's so gullible. It's easy to take advantage of him," said Isabelle. She adds, "He simply cannot manage on his own." Which of the following diagnoses best apply to Sammie?

A)Specific learning disorder
B)Intellectual disability intellectual developmental disorder)
C)Language disorder
D)Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Question 6

Mrs. Price told the social worker that her daughter, Gloria, is a tall, graceful child adding, "she is gorgeous, and a great dancer. She is just the sweetest kid you could ever meet." Gloria is going into the first grade and reading on the 3^rd grade level. She sniffs and mumbles and gurgles just about every day and this had been going on for the past 2 years. Mrs. Price states that this does not seem to interfere with her daughter's life much at all. Gloria's diagnosis is:

A)Transient tic disorder
B)Persistent chronic)motor or vocal tic disorder
C)Tourette's disorder
D)Tic disorder NOS

Question 7

The neurodevelopmental cluster of disorders is largely characterized by strong genetic and environmental risks, a consistent course that reflects a deviation in normal development, early age of onset, a continuing course that can potentially extend into adulthood, an overlap in symptoms or within cluster co-morbidity, the salience of cognitive symptoms, and increased prevalence in males.

Question 8

When it is clear that one of the neurological disorders ought to be diagnosed, but the practitioner does not have enough information about the child's difficulties, this diagnosis is assigned with the understanding that as more information becomes available, a more specific diagnosis can be made. The diagnosis considered is:

A)Pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder NOS
B)Provisional neurodevelopmental disorder
C)Unspecified neurodevelopmental disorder
D)Developmental disorder NOS

Question 9

It wasn't until Jeremy went to school that his problems became evident to his parents. They just thought Jeremy needed a lot of extra love. According to his mother, "We always thought he would grow out of his odd little habits but it doesn't look like that's happening." Jeremy talked early but walked late, and he always seemed clumsy. Starting as early as the day he began pre kindergarten, Jeremy had no friends. Very early on, Jeremy was interested in computers. His teacher found he would go into great length describing different computer applications and yet Jeremy was unaware of how others would get bored by his "conversations." Jeremy's diagnosis would be:

A)Autism spectrum disorder
B)Childhood disintegrative disorder
C)Rett's disorder
D)Pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder NOS

Question 10

Matt Bradley is now 7 years old. He is in second grade and it has become increasingly apparent to his teachers that he struggles to reason, has difficulties solving problems, and learning from his experiences. Further, Matt has been slow to develop his reading skills, his writing is illegible, and he is poor in math. On the playground, Matt does not play in an age-appropriate manner with his peers. His parents report that their son has always made slow progress throughout his development although they do see some improvements. However, they concede that Matt requires assistance with everyday skills - dressing, feeding, bathing, doing homework - on a daily basis. What would be the appropriate severity rating for Matt's current presentation?

A)Mild
B)Moderate
C)Severe
D)Cannot be determined without an IQ score

Question 11

A child who shows repeated rhythmic, purposeless movements such as nail biting, head banging or body rocking would be diagnosed with:

A)Autism spectrum disorder
B)Stereotypic movement disorder
C)Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, predominantly inattentive presentation
D)Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation

Question 12

There are a numerous causes contributing to the development of the neurodevelopmental disorders ranging from childhood deprivation, genetic and metabolic diseases, immune disorders, infectious diseases, nutrition, physical trauma, and toxic and environmental factors.

Question 13

A mother on your caseload describes her 7 year-old son as pervasively and chronically restless, impulsive, and inattentive. She notes, "He just can't seem to pay attention, makes careless mistakes, doesn't seem to listen when I talk to him, constantly loses things, is easily distracted, and is just so disorganized." Further, she adds that her son often talks excessively, blurts things out, cannot wait his turn, constantly interrupts, fidgets, and simply cannot play quietly. Which diagnosis best fits this clinical picture?

A)Bipolar disorder
B)Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
C)Oppositional defiant disorder
D)Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Question 14

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Question 15

Inborn characteristics, such as genetic makeup, do not play a role in the neurodevelopmental disorders in children.

Question 16

The mother of a 7 and ½ year-old boy describes a 6-month history of excessive eye blinking and intermittent chirping. This mother now reports that she has recently noticed her son has developed grunting sounds that started when he began school this term. What is the most likely diagnosis to consider?

A)Tourette's disorder
B)Provisional tic disorder
C)Transient tic disorder, recurrent
D)Persistent chronic)vocal tic disorder

Question 17

Children with the neurodevelopmental disorders are typically seen very early, often before the child enters grade school.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a criterion for the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ADHD) in the DSM-5?

A)Evidence that symptoms interfere with or reduce the quality of social, academic or occupational functioning
B)Symptoms of inattentive or hyperactivity/impulsivity can be seen before age 12
C)Symptoms persist for at least 12 months
D)Inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms can be seen in 2 or more settings; such as at home, school or work, with friends or relatives, in other activities

Question 19

The neurodevelopmental disorders are a group of conditions characterized by all of the following except:

A)Typically manifest early in development
B)Characterized by developmental deficits
C)Onset in the post developmental period
D)Produce impairments in personal, social, academic or occupational functioning

Question 20

Mrs. Matthews contacted the Children's Center for her daughter, Diane, who is now 5 years old. As soon as Diane was born, her mother thought her daughter was "different." Mrs. Matthews reported that the pediatrician found Diane to be in good health and predicted she would eventually outgrow her odd behaviors. Unfortunately, that does not seem to be the case. Diane does not make eye contact when she speaks and grunts if anyone tries to get too close to her. Diane has certain routines. For example, she has to line up all her dolls in a certain way before leaving the house. If a routine is interrupted, Diane becomes extremely upset and aggressive; that is, kicking and punching anyone who tries to comfort her. Diane's diagnosis is:

A)Developmental coordination disorder
B)Autism spectrum disorder
C)Adjustment disorder
D)Rumination Disorder

Question 21

Cultural background should always be taken into account in order to fully understand a child's symptoms of mental illness.

Question 22

Symptom onset for speech sound disorder is in the child's early developmental period.

Question 23

There are 4 formal subtypes of specific learning disorder.

Question 24

Behaviors resulting in self-inflicted bodily injury that requires medical treatment is not a criterion for the DSM-5 diagnosis of stereotypic movement disorder.

Question 25

The failure to meet criteria for the communication disorders is a DSM-5 criterion for unspecified communication disorder.

Question 26

Match each term with the appropriate definition:
$\begin{array}{|l|l|}\hline\text { Term: } & \text { Definition: } \\\hline \begin{array}{l}\text { a) Chronic motor or } \\\text { vocal tic }\end{array} & \begin{array}{r}\_\_\_\text { The essential feature is repetitive, seemingly } \\\text { driven, and apparently purposeless activity }\end{array} \\\hline \text { b) Tic disorders } & \begin{array}{r}\_\_\_\text { A key feature is persistent difficulties learning } \\\text { foundation academic skills }\end{array} \\\hline \begin{array}{l}\text { c) Developmental } \\\text { coordination } \\\text { disorder }\end{array}&\begin{array}{l}\_\_\_\text { This diagnosis involves quick uncontrollable } \\\text { movements or verbal outbursts (but not both) }\end{array}\\\hline \begin{array}{l}\text { d) Specific learning } \\\text { disorder }\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}\_\_\_\text { Diagnosis is made if the individual's } \\\text { difficulties with motor skills are not better explained by } \\\text { visual impairment or can be attributed to a neurological } \\\text { condition }\end{array} \\\hline\begin{array}{ll}\text { e) Stereotypic }\\\text {movement disorder }\end{array}&\begin{array}{ll}\_\_\_\text {The diagnosis is based on the presence of }\\\text {sudden, rapid, recurrent, non-rhythmic movements }\\\text {and/or verbalizations }\end{array}\\\hline\end{array}$