Deck 10: Clinical Assessment, Mental Health, and Mental Disorders

Question 1

Among Hispanic older adults, males show higher rates of alcohol abuse, while females show higher rates of

A) depression.
B) suicide.
C) Alzheimer's disease.
D) phobia and panic disorders.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

An important factor in differentiating normal from abnormal behavior in older adults is

A) speeded testing situations.
B) an intrapersonal factor.
C) context.
D) a life-cycle factor.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

, which is often conducted by a team of professionals, is the most effective type of assessment.

A) A holistic approach
B) Multidimensional assessment
C) Neuropsychological testing
D) Life-review assessment

Answer 3

B

Question 4

According to developmental theory, it is important that clinicians

A) are sensitive to developmental issues facing people of different ages.
B) identify psychotherapy methods that work with all ages.
C) only work with one age group.
D) examine each individual with life review therapy.

Question 5

A belief that older adults do not abuse drugs may cause a nurse to not diagnose or misdiagnose a drug problem in an older adult. This is an example of

A) a positive environmental condition.
B) a negative environmental condition.
C) a positive bias.
D) a negative bias.

Question 6

Which of the following does not characterize mentally healthy people?

A) positive attitude toward self
B) mastery of the environment
C) lack of touch with reality
D) growth and self-actualization

Question 7

Using the developmental forces perspective, Alzheimer's disease would be classified as

A) an interpersonal factor.
B) a psychological factor.
C) a biological factor.
D) a life-cycle factor.

Question 8

Compared to younger adults, the rate of clinical depression in older adults is

A) higher.
B) lower.
C) the same.
D) unknown.

Question 9

The most obvious sign of clinical depression is

A) dyspnea.
B) dysphoria.
C) apathy.
D) lack of expression.

Question 10

Having an older adult demonstrate an ability on a specific task is an example of a

A) direct observation.
B) clinical interview.
C) neuropsychological assessment.
D) performance-based assessment.

Question 11

are useful quick screening measures of mental competence.

A) Life skills exams
B) Multidimensional assessments
C) Neuropsychological assessments
D) Mental status exams

Question 12

Using the developmental forces perspective, an older adult who is vague in his answer to questioning because that is how his generation behaves is an example of

A) a sociocultural factor.
B) a psychological factor.
C) a biological factor.
D) a life-cycle factor.

Question 13

The formal process of measuring, understanding, and predicting behavior is known as

A) a life-course review.
B) assessment.
C) examination of available resources.
D) psychological testing.

Question 14

All of the following are psychophysiological measures except

A) electroencephalograms.
B) heart rate.
C) respiration rate.
D) skin temperature.

Question 15

are the most widely used assessment methods.

A) Direct observations
B) Clinical interviews
C) Neuropsychological assessments
D) Performance-based assessments

Question 16

Which of the following would not be a good thing to implement when assessing an older adult?

A) a holistic approach
B) multidimensional assessment
C) examination of available resources
D) fewer and longer testing sessions

Question 17

Which of the following behaviors may be considered abnormal in younger adults but may be considered adaptive in older adults?

A) passivity
B) paranoia
C) autonomy
D) hostility

Question 18

Using the developmental forces perspective, the shrinking social networks of older adults is an example of

A) a biological factor.
B) a psychological.
C) a sociocultural factor.
D) a life-cycle factor.

Question 19

At any given time, approximately of all adults have a clinical depressive disorder.

A) 1%
B) between 2% and 5%
C) between 5% and 10%
D) 12%

Question 20

What is a frequently overlooked factor in understanding people's behavior and developmental history?

A) sociocultural influences
B) biological influences
C) psychological influences
D) life-cycle influences

Question 21

Which of the following is not used in diagnosing depression?

A) dysphoria
B) length of time symptoms have been present
C) excessive worry
D) physical symptoms

Question 22

Which disorder is characterized by periods of depression and mania?

A) schizophrenia
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) multiple personality disorder
D) bipolar disorder

Question 23

Therapy based on the notion that depression results from maladaptive beliefs about oneself is

A) cognitive.
B) behavioral.
C) psychoeducational.
D) reminiscence.

Question 24

Which therapy is especially effective with older adults?

A) cognitive
B) behavioral
C) medication
D) all of these

Question 25

As many as of chronically ill older adults has major depression.

A) 15%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 26

The drug(s) of choice to treat bipolar disorder is

A) heterocyclic antidepressants.
B) lithium.
C) ECT.
D) MAO inhibitors.

Question 27

A major problem in assessing older adults is

A) deciding which test to use among the many valid ones available.
B) few tests were designed for older adults.
C) testing has been outlawed in many countries.
D) the lack of any differences between older and younger adults' scores.

Question 28

The most common drug(s) used to treat depression are

A) SSRIs.
B) lithium.
C) ECTs.
D) MAO inhibitors.

Question 29

Believing that depression involves internal belief systems characterizes

A) cognitive theories.
B) biological theories.
C) psychoanalytic theories.
D) biosocial theories.

Question 30

Which of the following has not been identified as a possible biological cause of depression?

A) poor nutrition
B) neurotransmitter imbalance
C) abnormal functioning of the brain
D) physical illness

Question 31

Which of the following subgroups of older adults is not at great risk for depression?

A) the chronically ill
B) nursing home residents
C) family caregivers
D) those extremely active in church and community activities

Question 32

Tina is demonstrating dysphoria, a common symptom of depression. Dysphoria is

A) a continued state of pessimism.
B) the feeling of being down.
C) a feeling of apathy.
D) a lack of expression.

Question 33

Drug(s) used to treat depression that may produce dangerous interactions with food, such as cheddar cheese, are

A) heterocyclic antidepressants.
B) lithium.
C) ECTs.
D) MAO inhibitors.

Question 34

A major theme of psychosocial theories of depression is

A) loss.
B) self-esteem.
C) ego.
D) growth.

Question 35

A type of therapy that emphasizes changing maladaptive beliefs and thoughts is

A) psychoanalytic therapy.
B) behavioral therapy.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) drug therapy.

Question 36

A type of therapy that emphasizes increasing the number of rewards or reinforcements people receive from their environment is

A) psychoanalytic therapy.
B) behavioral therapy.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) drug therapy.

Question 37

One aspect of clinical depression that must be evaluated carefully in older adults is

A) dysphoria.
B) expressionlessness.
C) self-deprecation.
D) physical symptoms.

Question 38

For which of the following people is ECT not recommended?

A) older adults with heart disease
B) people who are suicidal
C) individuals with mild depression
D) people with whom drugs do not work

Question 39

Which of the following symptoms is absent in "the depletion syndrome of the elderly"?

A) feeling worthless
B) losing interest in things
C) physical symptoms
D) self-blame

Question 40

Impaired awareness of self and surroundings, attention deficits, disorientation, and rapid change in symptoms and their severity are characteristic of

A) Alzheimer's disease.
B) Huntington's disease.
C) delusions.
D) delirium.

Question 41

Fewer than of adults age 65 have dementia, but by the age of 85 the percentage has risen to .

A) 1%; 25%
B) 1%; 50%
C) 25%; 50%
D) 5%; 25%

Question 42

Which of the following is not a recommendation that a caregiver of a dementia patient should consider?

A) institutionalize the patient immediately and without question
B) make realistic financial plans
C) maximize the patient's opportunity to function
D) involve the patient in decisions as much as possible

Question 43

The most common form of dementia is

A) Creutzfeld-Jakob disease.
B) Pick's disease.
C) Alzheimer's disease.
D) Parkinson's disease.

Question 44

The most promising work relating to the genetic causes of Alzheimer's disease has focused on

A) chromosome 14.
B) Down syndrome.
C) amyloid protein.
D) types of neurotransmitters involved.

Question 45

Approximately of adults over the age of 65 have dementia.

A) 1% to 2%
B) 6% to 8%
C) 25%
D) 65% to 75%

Question 46

Behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer's disease tend to be worse

A) in the morning.
B) in the early afternoon.
C) around lunchtime.
D) in the evening.

Question 47

Among people who are ill, the percentage with delirium can reach

A) 1%.
B) 25%.
C) 50%.
D) 75%.

Question 48

Alzheimer's disease accounts for as many as of all cases of dementia.

A) 30%
B) 45%
C) 60%
D) 70%

Question 49

occur when the fibers of the axon become twisted together.

A) Neurofibrillary tangles
B) Granulovacuolar bodies
C) Synaptic nodes
D) Neuritic plaques

Question 50

Which of the following is not a microscopic change used to define Alzheimer's disease at autopsy?

A) neurofibrillary tangles
B) choline acetyltransferase decline
C) rapid cell death
D) neuritic plaques

Question 51

Changes in the brain of a person with Alzheimer's disease may be

A) an exaggeration of normal aging.
B) qualitatively different from normal aging.
C) similar to other forms of dementia.
D) similar to changes due to Huntington's disease.

Question 52

refers to behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer's disease tending to be worse in the evening than in the morning.

A) Sunrising
B) Sundowning
C) Evening dominance
D) Positive symptom pattern

Question 53

Damaged and dying neurons that collect around a core of amyloid protein produce

A) neurofibrillary tangles.
B) granulovacuolar bodies.
C) synaptic nodes.
D) neuritic plaques.

Question 54

A definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease depends on

A) a mental status exam.
B) CT and PET scans.
C) an autopsy.
D) genetic screening.

Question 55

is characterized by behavioral and cognitive deficits that involve permanent damage to the brain.

A) Depression
B) Dementia
C) Delirium
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 56

What do early-onset Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease have in common?

A) pattern of neurological changes
B) autosomal dominant pattern of genetic transmission
C) age of onset
D) types of neurotransmitters involved

Question 57

The symptoms of Alzheimer's disease include

A) declines in memory.
B) difficulty in finding words.
C) changes in personality.
D) all of these.

Question 58

Most patients with dementia are cared for

A) at home by family.
B) at home by health care workers.
C) in nursing homes.
D) in adult care homes.

Question 59

Which of the following statements is false?

A) Caregivers experience considerable stress.
B) Sons are more likely to be caregivers than daughters.
C) Caregivers' perceptions of problems are more important than stage of the disease.
D) Female caregivers become more emotionally involved than male caregivers.

Question 60

Which of the following statements is true concerning Alzheimer's disease?

A) Drugs should never be used at any stage of Alzheimer's disease.
B) Behavioral intervention works only for lowering hostility.
C) Drug therapies are available to improve many of the behavioral problems.
D) No interventions besides drug therapies are ever effective.

Question 61

An accurate assessment of abnormality in behavior must take into consideration the in which the behavior occurs.

Question 62

Elizabeth has been an alcoholic for many years. Now at the age of 84 she has been exhibiting memory loss. This is likely due to

A) Huntington's disease.
B) Alzheimer's disease.
C) Schmidt's disease.
D) Wernicke-Korsakoff disease.

Question 63

Early research suggested which type of dementia was the same as Alzheimer's disease, but examination of the brain revealed differential changes, including changes to the Lewy bodies?

A) Pick's disease
B) AIDS disease
C) Huntington's disease
D) Parkinson's disease

Question 64

A person suffering bouts of severe depression and extreme mania is said to have disorder.

Question 65

As many as of older adults suffer from anxiety disorders.

A) 1%
B) 15%
C) 33%
D) 75%

Question 66

Using which behavioral technique can caregivers reduce difficult behaviors of Alzheimer's patients?

A) milieu therapy
B) differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior
C) spaced reinforcement
D) cognitive retraining

Question 67

Traditional treatment of schizophrenia consists of

A) antidepressant medications.
B) lithium.
C) antipsychotic medications.
D) MAO inhibitors.

Question 68

Alcohol dependency is most frequent during

A) young adulthood.
B) middle-age.
C) old age.
D) occurs at a similar frequency for all age groups of adults.

Question 69

The sudden stepwise onset of dementia is indicative of

A) Parkinson's disease.
B) AIDS disease.
C) vascular dementia.
D) Alzheimer's disease.

Question 70

is a reversible form of dementia, while the major symptom of depression is , which is when a person feels down or blue.

Question 71

For the most part, the treatment of choice for anxiety disorders is

A) benzodiazepines.
B) relaxation techniques.
C) psychotherapy.
D) life review therapies.

Question 72

Which of the following is primarily designed to allow caregivers to get away?

A) milieu therapy
B) respite care
C) adult day care
D) stress relief care

Question 73

A form of dementia brought on by multiple infarcts or strokes is known as

A) Pick's disease.
B) AIDS disease.
C) vascular dementia.
D) Huntington's disease.

Question 74

The high rate of depression found in middle-aged males appears to be strongly related to the high incidence of .

Question 75

Dixie believes that people are spying on her and that she talks to the president when she is at the laundromat. Dixie is exhibiting hallmarks of which disorder?

A) Schizophrenia
B) Multiple personalities
C) Depression
D) Anxiety

Question 76

The cause of depression falls into one of two general categories - and
.

Question 77

Treatment for substance abuse in all age groups focuses on

A) stabilization and reduction in consumption.
B) treatment of coexisting problems.
C) appropriate social interventions.
D) all of the these.

Question 78

During dinnertime Joe, an Alzheimer's patient, often acts out and throws his food. However, tonight he is sitting quietly and eating; this prompts the nursing home staff to reward Joe. The most likely technique the staff is employing is

A) milieu therapy.
B) differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior.
C) spaced reinforcement.
D) cognitive retraining.

Question 79

Which of the following is not a symptom of anxiety?

A) dry mouth
B) dizziness
C) hyperventilation
D) dysphoria

Question 80

Which of the following is not an anxiety disorder?

A) anxiety state
B) bipolar disorder
C) phobic disorder
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder