Deck 12: Abrasion, Finishing, and Polishing

Question 1

Margination may be indicated if the overhang is ________, the contact is _______, and there is no indication of caries.

A) small; open
B) small; closed
C) large; open
D) large; closed

Answer 1

small; closed

Question 2

The powder form of _________ is used in sandblasting restorations in preparation for cementation and air abrasion.

A) silicon carbide
B) aluminum oxide
C) silicon dioxide
D) tin oxide

Answer 2

aluminum oxide

Question 3

Fine-particle diamonds are:

A) supplied on rotary disks and handheld finishing strips
B) bonded to rotary cutting shanks or disks
C) supplied in a paste for polishing composite and porcelain restorations
D) found in designs ranging from 7 to 30 cutting flutes

Answer 3

supplied in a paste for polishing composite and porcelain restorations

Question 4

Which of the following is true concerning the hardness of porcelain relative to enamel and dentin?

A) Porcelain is harder than enamel and dentin.
B) Porcelain is harder than enamel but softer than dentin.
C) Porcelain is harder than dentin but softer than enamel.
D) Porcelain is softer than enamel and dentin.

Question 5

Which of the following scales ranks materials by their relative resistance to abrasion?

A) Brinell
B) Moh
C) Vickers
D) Knoop

Question 6

Which of the following is true of abrasive materials in dentifrices?

A) The abrasive agents improve the efficiency of the toothbrush in the removal of stains, food debris, and biofilm.
B) Abrasive agents decrease the light reflected by the enamel.
C) Higher abrasive rankings are desirable to prevent removal of softer tooth structures and restorations.
D) Toothpastes do not contain abrasive materials.

Question 7

When using hand instruments for margination, use very sharp instruments and begin ________ to the margin of the restoration, using a shaving motion in _______ overlapping strokes.

A) coronal; horizontal
B) coronal; vertical
C) apical; diagonal
D) apical; vertical

Question 8

Which of the following materials is (are) recommended for polishing of composite restorations?

A) Ultrasonic and sonic scalers
B) Air-polishing devices
C) Traditional prophy pastes
D) Aluminum oxide polishing paste

Question 9

Which of the following is true of microabrasion?

A) It utilizes sodium bicarbonate powder.
B) It can be used to remove minimal amounts of tooth structure.
C) It is recommended for removal of stain from teeth.
D) It is not meant to be used intraorally.

Question 10

Which of the following is true concerning safety and infection control during finishing and polishing procedures?

A) The use of pre-procedure antimicrobials has not been shown to reduce microbial aerosols.
B) Use of the saliva ejector is recommended rather than high-speed evacuation.
C) All laboratory wheels and rotary cutting devices should be sterilized or disinfected.
D) Protective eyewear is not recommended for the patient because it cannot be disinfected.

Question 11

The benefits of a properly finished and polished restoration/prosthesis include ____________ biofilm retention and ____________ resistance to tarnish and corrosion.

A) increased; increased
B) increased; decreased
C) decreased; increased
D) decreased; decreased

Question 12

Pumice is:

A) frequently found in block form, which is then run onto a rag wheel to polish precious and semiprecious metal alloys in the laboratory
B) used in coated disks and bonded rotary devices primarily used in finishing procedures
C) a major component of many prophylaxis pastes used to polish tooth structure, dental amalgam, and acrylic bases
D) used to smooth enamel, or finish metal alloys and ceramic materials

Question 13

The philosophy of ____________ polishing is regarded as the most appropriate approach in the selection of which teeth and surfaces to polish.

A) aggressive
B) complete
C) selective
D) no

Question 14

Air polishing utilizes a combination of ______________, air, and water at a pressure of approximately 40 psi as an effective and efficient means of removing stains and soft deposits from enamel surfaces.

A) sodium hypochlorite
B) aluminum oxide
C) sodium bicarbonate
D) dilute acids

Question 15

Prostheses with metal components should not be placed in dilute acid solutions or hypochlorites (bleach) because of:

A) subsequent bad taste when reinserted into the patient's mouth
B) the resultant corrosion of these components
C) release of hydrogen sulfide gas
D) darkening of the prosthesis

Question 16

Polishing the contact area between restored teeth is:

A) desirable for esthetic reasons
B) desirable for both esthetic and functional reasons
C) undesirable because it increases treatment time
D) undesirable

Question 17

Which of the following choices will affect the abrasiveness of polishing agents?

A) Number of particles utilized
B) Speed of the device
C) Hardness of the material
D) All of the above

Question 18

Staining at the margins of composite restorations due to microleakage:

A) is easily removed with traditional prophy paste
B) cannot be polished away
C) should be removed with an air-polishing device
D) can be removed by polishing for an extended length of time (longer than 5 minutes)

Question 19

Hardness of a material is ranked using the:

A) Moh scale
B) Richter scale
C) Mercalli scale
D) atomic scale

Question 20

Abrasive particles that are _________________ will cut more efficiently.

A) large and regular
B) large and irregular
C) small and regular
D) small and irregular

Question 21

A higher number of particles or flutes on a rotary finishing bur ______ its abrasive intensity.

A) increases
B) decreases
C) has no impact on

Question 22

Prophylaxis toothpaste differs from over-the-counter toothpaste in that:

A) it is less abrasive
B) it is more abrasive
C) it may contain fluoride
D) there is little difference

Question 23

Match the items with the correct description below.
Pumice

A)An extremely fine abrasive used extensively as a final polishing agent for enamel and restorations
B)A natural abrasive composed of quartz and silica
C)Volcanic silica manufactured as a loose abrasive
D)A synthetic material that produces an extremely hard and efficient abrasive material
E)A synthetic abrasive, the powder form is used in sandblasting restorations in preparation for cementation

Question 24

Approved denture cleaners:

A) loosen stains and plaque
B) freshen the acrylic
C) will not abrade the material
D) All of the above are true.

Question 25

The ADA Seal of Approval for dentifrices assures the consumer that:

A) the paste will prevent cavities
B) abrasives are within safe limits
C) stains will be removed
D) it is not harmful if swallowed

Question 26

Match the items with the correct description below.
Sand

A)An extremely fine abrasive used extensively as a final polishing agent for enamel and restorations
B)A natural abrasive composed of quartz and silica
C)Volcanic silica manufactured as a loose abrasive
D)A synthetic material that produces an extremely hard and efficient abrasive material
E)A synthetic abrasive, the powder form is used in sandblasting restorations in preparation for cementation

Question 27

Define finishing, polishing, and cleansing.

Question 28

Match the items with the correct description below.
Aluminum oxide

A)An extremely fine abrasive used extensively as a final polishing agent for enamel and restorations
B)A natural abrasive composed of quartz and silica
C)Volcanic silica manufactured as a loose abrasive
D)A synthetic material that produces an extremely hard and efficient abrasive material
E)A synthetic abrasive, the powder form is used in sandblasting restorations in preparation for cementation

Question 29

Match the items with the correct description below.
Tin oxide

A)An extremely fine abrasive used extensively as a final polishing agent for enamel and restorations
B)A natural abrasive composed of quartz and silica
C)Volcanic silica manufactured as a loose abrasive
D)A synthetic material that produces an extremely hard and efficient abrasive material
E)A synthetic abrasive, the powder form is used in sandblasting restorations in preparation for cementation

Question 30

Which of the following is not a benefit of polishing a restoration?

A) Smooth cavosurface margins
B) Decreased biofilm attachment
C) Increased attrition of tooth structure
D) Decreased tarnish and corrosion

Question 31

Describe the rationale for selective polishing.

Question 32

The size of abrasive particles:

A) gradually gets smaller as they are used
B) is efficient only if large
C) loses shape over time
D) does not change with use

Question 33

Match the items with the correct description below.
Silicon carbide

A)An extremely fine abrasive used extensively as a final polishing agent for enamel and restorations
B)A natural abrasive composed of quartz and silica
C)Volcanic silica manufactured as a loose abrasive
D)A synthetic material that produces an extremely hard and efficient abrasive material
E)A synthetic abrasive, the powder form is used in sandblasting restorations in preparation for cementation

Question 34

Rubber cup polishing:

A) removes some of the fluoride-rich layer of enamel
B) is used to remove small bits of calculus after scaling
C) should be used on every patient at his or her recall
D) helps strengthen decalcified enamel

Question 35

Utilizing a high handpiece speed while using an abrasive agent may:

A) reduce the time it takes to finish the restoration
B) decrease the bioburden generated
C) increase the finishing strength of the abrasive
D) cause loss of control over the handpiece