Deck 8: Deceleration Behavior Therapy: Differential Reinforcement, Punishment, and Aversion Therapy

Question 1

_____ involves eliminating reinforcers to decelerate a target behavior.

A)Differential reinforcement
B)Aversion therapy
C)Extinction
D)Response cost

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The most common reason for the use of punishment in behavior therapy is that

A)the target behavior resisted indirect deceleration.
B)punishment is much easier to administer.
C)the client (or client-advocate) requested punishment.
D)an adequate competing behavior could not be found.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

An example of an incompatible behavior for smoking is

A)public debate.
B)smoking less often.
C)running a marathon.
D)scuba diving.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

On Tuesday, Ziggy was promised three token reinforcers for interrupting his teacher 50% fewer times than he had on Monday.This is an example of differential reinforcement of

A)competing behaviors.
B)low response rates.
C)other behaviors.
D)incompatible behaviors.

Question 5

Administering the maintaining consequence of a deceleration target behavior on a fixed-interval schedule is called

A)reinforcement of low response rates.
B)noncontingent reinforcement.
C)reinforcer sampling.
D)continuous reinforcement.

Question 6

Which of the following orders of differential reinforcement procedures represents least to most desirability- Differential reinforcement of

A)low response rates, other behaviors, incompatible behaviors, competing behaviors.
B)other behaviors, low response rates, incompatible behaviors, competing behaviors.
C)low response rates, other behaviors, competing behaviors, incompatible behaviors.
D)other behaviors, low response rates, competing behaviors, incompatible behaviors.

Question 7

_____ is used when clients are behaving inappropriately in order to obtain reinforcers.

A)Functional communication training
B)Reinforcer sampling
C)Instructional training
D)Noncontingent reinforcement

Question 8

Functional communication training differs from other forms of differential reinforcement in that the acceleration target behavior

A)may be maladaptive.
B)is not reinforced.
C)punishes other behaviors.
D)must be taught.

Question 9

One potential problem with extinction is

A)spontaneous remission.
B)an ethical conflict.
C)a slow effect.
D)pseudoextinction.

Question 10

It is believed that noncontingent reinforcement works through

A)extinction and reinforcement.
B)satiation and response cost.
C)extinction and satiation.
D)accelerating other behaviors.

Question 11

Indirect deceleration of a target behavior is accomplished with

A)aversion therapy.
B)punishment.
C)overcorrection.
D)differential reinforcement.

Question 12

Incompatible behaviors are those which

A)cannot be performed simultaneously.
B)are not appropriate for one's culture.
C)resist behavioral intervention.
D)do not match one's guiding values.

Question 13

The optimal strategy for decelerating behaviors is differential reinforcement of

A)low response rates.
B)incompatible behaviors.
C)competing behaviors.
D)other behaviors.

Question 14

An initial intensification in a deceleration target behavior before it begins to decrease is known as

A)extinction burst.
B)resistance.
C)spontaneous recovery.
D)acclimation.

Question 15

Reinforcement of other behaviors is most appropriate for

A)relatively-benign target behaviors.
B)mental-health facilities.
C)high-frequency behaviors.
D)clients with intellectual deficiencies.

Question 16

_____ occurs when a target behavior temporarily recurs without reinforcement, after it had been eliminated by extinction.

A)An extinction burst
B)Spontaneous remission
C)Response generalization
D)Spontaneous recovery

Question 17

For which procedure must the specific reinforcer be identified-

A)Overcorrection
B)Time out
C)Response cost
D)Extinction

Question 18

Which procedure is the simplest to implement if the reinforcer maintaining the deceleration target behavior is known-

A)Aversion therapy
B)Extinction
C)Response cost
D)Overcorrection

Question 19

The association of a target behavior with an unpleasant event is used in

A)negative reinforcement.
B)aversion therapy.
C)consequential deceleration therapy.
D)punishment.

Question 20

Differential reinforcement refers to the

A)strengthening of target behaviors.
B)punishment of competing behaviors.
C)acceleration of other behaviors.
D)the observation of reinforced models.

Question 21

If Andrea plays with her food while eating, she is not given dessert, which she normally gets.This is an example of

A)extinction.
B)response cost.
C)time out.
D)negative reinforcement.

Question 22

Misbehaving prisoners are often subject to solitary confinement.This procedure is most similar to

A)aversion therapy.
B)overcorrection.
C)response cost.
D)time out.

Question 23

The "Sunday Box" involves

A)time out.
B)extinction.
C)response cost.
D)overcorrection.

Question 24

One example of positive practice to reduce verbal insults is

A)giving multiple compliments.
B)apologizing for the behavior.
C)explaining why the behavior was wrong.
D)defending the verbal insults.

Question 25

Time out from positive reinforcement should be terminated only when the

A)reinforcer is no longer available.
B)child stops engaging in a deceleration target behavior.
C)specified duration of time out has elapsed.
D)child has apologized for the undesired behavior.

Question 26

For each obscenity Katie uttered, Katie's mother subtracted 50 cents from her weekly allowance.Katie's mother is using

A)time out from positive reinforcement.
B)negative reinforcement.
C)overcorrection.
D)response cost.

Question 27

The target behavior for which the "Sunday Box" is used is

A)the destruction of property.
B)leaving items out of place.
C)attending class.
D)speaking out of turn.

Question 28

Overcorrection was originally developed to treat

A)destructive or harmful behaviors.
B)attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
C)institutional theft.
D)self-injurious behaviors.

Question 29

The therapy procedure using only the first step of overcorrection is called

A)theft reversal.
B)behavioral practice.
C)communication training.
D)expression therapy.

Question 30

The second phase of overcorrection is

A)negative performance.
B)restitution.
C)positive practice.
D)reinforcement.

Question 31

According to the text, time out from positive reinforcement would be more correctly named time out from

A)generalized reinforcers.
B)response cost.
C)negative reinforcement.
D)reinforcement.

Question 32

Removing a valued item or privilege when an undesirable behavior is performed is called

A)response cost.
B)time out.
C)extinction.
D)overcorrection.

Question 33

Which of the following therapies has the narrowest range of applications-

A)Time out
B)Response cost
C)Extinction
D)Overcorrection

Question 34

Receiving a speeding ticket is a common example of

A)overcorrection.
B)extinction.
C)response cost.
D)negative reinforcement.

Question 35

One reason for the widespread use of response cost is its

A)unique application in therapy.
B)low impact beyond treatment.
C)high level of acceptability.
D)focus on single behaviors.

Question 36

Which of the following is most likely to make time out from positive reinforcement effective-

A)Administering time-out in brief periods
B)Withholding the reason for the time out
C)Following time-out with immediate reinforcement
D)Ending time-out early upon observing acceptable behavior

Question 37

Temporarily withdrawing a client's access to generalized reinforcers is known as

A)time out.
B)overcorrection.
C)response cost.
D)extinction.

Question 38

For intentionally breaking one of his sister's toys, Jake's parents required him to buy her three new ones.This is an example of

A)response cost.
B)negative practice.
C)restitution.
D)positive practice.

Question 39

Theft reversal is a form of

A)response cost.
B)overcorrection.
C)reinforcement.
D)time out.

Question 40

The major target behaviors treated by physically aversive consequences are

A)addictive behaviors.
B)deviant sexual behaviors.
C)self-injurious behaviors.
D)criminal behaviors.

Question 41

Exhibiting physical aggression toward the therapist would fall into which category of potential negative side effects of physically aversive consequences-

A)Perpetuation effects
B)Emotional responses
C)Avoidance behaviors
D)Negative consequences

Question 42

Children whose parents use physically aversive consequences in disciplining them are more likely to behave aggressively.Into which category of negative side effects does this fall-

A)Avoidance behaviors
B)Emotional responses
C)Identification effects
D)Perpetuation effects

Question 43

In covert sensitization, the client _____ the deceleration target behavior.

A)performs
B)imagines
C)observes
D)describes

Question 44

The principle of utility states that a therapy is ethically justified if it

A)does no harm.
B)is the most effective treatment.
C)results in more benefit than harm.
D)is desired by the client.

Question 45

One major advantage of covert sensitization is that it

A)has relatively high acceptability.
B)has extensive empirical support.
C)requires fewer booster sessions.
D)shortens average therapy times.

Question 46

Abuse of aversive techniques is most likely to arise

A)early in a therapist's career.
B)when the target behavior is disturbing.
C)if a client guides treatment decisions.
D)after acceleration techniques fail.

Question 47

Electric shock is a commonly used aversive stimulus in part because it is

A)highly acceptable.
B)easily administered.
C)not painful.
D)minimally reactive.

Question 48

_____ treatments involve periodically re-exposing clients to a deceleration target behavior and an aversive stimulus after therapy has been terminated.

A)Booster
B)Maintenance
C)Relief
D)Resensitization

Question 49

Most of the negative side effects of physically aversive consequences fall into which of the following three categories-

A)emotional responses, rights abuses, and spontaneous recovery
B)rights abuses, spontaneous recovery, and treatment termination
C)avoidance behaviors, treatment termination, and perpetuation effects
D)perpetuation effects, emotional responses, and avoidance behaviors

Question 50

Dropping out of therapy would fall into which category of potential negative side effects of physically aversive consequences-

A)Avoidance behaviors
B)Negative consequences
C)Emotional responses
D)Perpetuation effects

Question 51

Misuse of aversive procedures is most likely

A)with inexperienced change agents.
B)in psychiatric hospitals.
C)in private practice settings.
D)with independent therapists.

Question 52

A staff worker at a school for adults who have developmental disabilities used physically aversive consequences to decelerate a client's serious head banging.The worker also began to spank her own children more for their misbehaviors.Into which category of negative side effects does this fall-

A)Avoidance behaviors
B)Perpetuation effects
C)Emotional responses
D)Negative modeling

Question 53

Ethical issues are much more likely to arise when used with clients who

A)seek out aversive methods willingly.
B)must be convinced of a therapy's merit.
C)do not necessarily require therapy.
D)are required to be in therapy.

Question 54

The two behaviors most commonly treated with aversion therapy are

A)antisocial behaviors and intrusive thoughts.
B)self-injurious behaviors and destructive behaviors.
C)conduct disorders and temper tantrums.
D)paraphilias and substance abuse.

Question 55

The basic notion of producing more good than harm is the essence of the principle of _____.

A)efficacy
B)utility
C)balance
D)morality

Question 56

Rapid smoking is an example of a(n)

A)aversion therapy.
B)booster treatment.
C)target behavior.
D)aversive consequence.

Question 57

Covert sensitization was developed by

A)Cautela.
B)Stampfl.
C)Wolpe.
D)Lazarus.

Question 58

The Self-Injurious Behavior Inhibiting System (SIBIS) is a

A)therapy procedure.
B)instructional program .
C)treatment package.
D)shock-administering device.

Question 59

The major difference between aversion therapy and physically aversive consequences is the

A)type of consequence.
B)timing of administration.
C)length of treatment.
D)age of clientele.

Question 60

Which of the following enhances the effectiveness of punishment-

A)The consequence should always be contingent on the target behavior.
B)The consequence should be delayed.
C)Reinforcement should immediately follow punishment.
D)Warning cues prior to the administration should be avoided.

Question 61

One major limitation of deceleration behavior therapy is

A)an incompatibility with concomitant reinforcement.
B)the inevitability of undesirable side effects.
C)that behavioral changes may only be temporary.
D)the generally low effectiveness of the techniques.