Deck 7: Acceleration Behavior Therapy: Stimulus Control and Reinforcement

Question 1

For acceleration target behaviors, prompts are generally

A)introduced.
B)removed.
C)modified.
D)learned.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A teacher assists a young boy in writing the letters of the alphabet by holding his hand and guiding him through the required movements.This is an example of a(n) _____ prompt.

A)behavioral
B)environmental
C)physical
D)verbal

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Stop signs are examples of _____ prompts.

A)behavioral
B)environmental
C)physical
D)verbal

Answer 3

B

Question 4

When a reinforcer indicates that a behavior has been performed correctly, it is providing _____.

A)a prompt
B)feedback
C)reward
D)insight

Question 5

When reinforcement is defined via observation, a(n) _____ definition is being used.

A)operational
B)empirical
C)behavioral
D)scientific

Question 6

Providing a person with cues instructing how to perform a behavior is an example of

A)prompting.
B)reinforcement.
C)fading.
D)shaping.

Question 7

Prompts become unnecessary over the course of treatment because

A)the client develops internal prompts.
B)shaping has occurred.
C)consequences maintain the behavior.
D)habituation decreases their potency.

Question 8

_____ are broad environmental conditions that influence the likelihood that a person will perform a particular behavior.

A)Physical prompts
B)Setting events
C)Shaping contingencies
D)Environmental prompts

Question 9

Both prompts and setting events are types of

A)stimulus control.
B)positive reinforcement.
C)maintaining consequences.
D)shaping procedures.

Question 10

At a dinner party, guests wait until the host begins to eat before they begin.The guests are guided by a _____ prompt.

A)behavioral
B)environmental
C)physical
D)verbal

Question 11

Stimulus control is relatively efficient in that

A)the effects are long lasting.
B)there is great empirical support.
C)the techniques are often familiar.
D)it is easy to administer.

Question 12

Planned activity scheduling prevents behavior by

A)modifying regular environments.
B)promoting competing behaviors.
C)removing maintaining reinforcers.
D)introducing salient consequences.

Question 13

_____ occurs whenever the consequences of a behavior increase the chances that the behavior will be repeated.

A)Antecedence
B)Reward
C)Shaping
D)Reinforcement

Question 14

_____ is the process of gradually withdrawing prompts.

A)Fading
B)Regression
C)Extinction
D)Shaping

Question 15

We can know that an event is reinforcing

A)if the client desires it.
B)when it is generalizable.
C)after it has occurred.
D)only if it is adaptive.

Question 16

The major difference between rewards and reinforcers is that rewards

A)do not follow the ABC model.
B)are often pleasant events.
C)are not always consequences.
D)may not change behavior.

Question 17

The difference between the terms reinforcer and reinforcement is that one

A)is an event, one is an effect.
B)decelerates behavior, one accelerates behavior.
C)is a consequence, one is an antecedent.
D)is a noun, one is a verb.

Question 18

To prompt students to do their homework, a teacher reminds them as they are leaving the classroom for the day.This is an example of a(n)_____ prompt.

A)behavioral
B)environmental
C)physical
D)verbal

Question 19

Teleprompters that show speakers the text of their speech as they are delivering it use _____ prompts.

A)behavioral
B)environmental
C)physical
D)verbal

Question 20

When an actor forgets a line, a prompter whispers the line so that the audience cannot hear.The prompter is using _____ prompts.

A)behavioral
B)environmental
C)physical
D)verbal

Question 21

The term negative in negative reinforcement refers to the

A)punitive quality.
B)unpleasantness of the consequence.
C)effect on a behavior.
D)removal of a consequence.

Question 22

Money is an example of a _____ reinforcer.

A)tangible
B)token
C)social
D)universal

Question 23

_____ discovered that the relative frequency of behaviors can be utilized to strengthen a target behavior.

A)Skinner
B)Thorndike
C)Premack
D)Lindsley

Question 24

The most commonly used method for determining potential reinforcers is

A)exposure to generalized reinforcers.
B)direct questioning.
C)the Premack principle.
D)reinforcer sampling.

Question 25

Which type of reinforcer is most likely to promote transfer and generalization-

A)Social
B)Token
C)Activity
D)Tangible

Question 26

Which method of assessment is most likely to be used as part of implementing the Premack principle-

A)Role-playing
B)Systematic naturalistic observation
C)Physiological measurement
D)Simulated observation

Question 27

In order to encourage Heather to comb her own hair, each time she combs her hair well her Dad says, "Your hair looks great.Good job." This is an example of

A)social reinforcement.
B)feedback.
C)negative reinforcement.
D)negative punishment.

Question 28

Behavioral activation treats depression by

A)accelerating potentially reinforcing activities.
B)punishing maladaptive avoidance behaviors.
C)validating coping-behavior strategies.
D)reinforcing competing covert-behaviors.

Question 29

Sally turns in her exam, and no longer feels the pressure of test-taking.She is more likely to do this again next time.This example best illustrates the concept of

A)negative punishment.
B)negative reinforcement.
C)positive reinforcement.
D)stimulus empowerment.

Question 30

_____ reinforcers have value because of what they can be exchanged for.

A)Token
B)Tangible
C)Referential
D)Vicarious

Question 31

Positive reinforcement _____ the likelihood that a behavior will recur, and negative reinforcement _____ the likelihood that a behavior will recur.

A)decreases; increases
B)increases; increases
C)decreases; decreases
D)increases; decreases

Question 32

The Premack principle uses

A)social reinforcers.
B)reinforcing activities.
C)tangible reinforcers.
D)token reinforcers.

Question 33

Reinforcing consequences that people receive in their daily lives are called _____ reinforcers.

A)natural
B)in vivo
C)social
D)environmental

Question 34

The Premack principle calls for the acceleration of target behaviors with

A)negative punishment.
B)self-selected reinforcers.
C)generalized reinforcers.
D)high-probability behaviors.

Question 35

Which type of reinforcer is most likely to be a natural reinforcer-

A)Token reinforcers
B)Tangible reinforcers
C)Reinforcing activities
D)Social reinforcers

Question 36

Ethan watches television frequently, but spends little time on his homework.In an effort to change this, Ethan now is allowed to watch television only after completing his homework.This is an example of

A)the Premack principle.
B)negative reinforcement.
C)reinforcer sampling.
D)behavioral bribery.

Question 37

Using a higher-probability behavior as a reinforcer for a lower-probability behavior is known as

A)the Premack principle.
B)statistical reinforcement.
C)reinforcer sampling.
D)generalized reinforcement.

Question 38

Pencils, magazines, and socks would be examples of

A)token reinforcers.
B)generalized reinforcers.
C)social reinforcers.
D)tangible reinforcers.

Question 39

A father tells his daughter "because you helped with the dishes, you can talk on the phone for an extra 30 minutes tonight." His promise is an example of a

A)token reinforcer.
B)social reinforcer.
C)reinforcing activity.
D)tangible reinforcer.

Question 40

Attention would be an example of a(n) _____ reinforcer.

A)immediate
B)social
C)token
D)unconditional

Question 41

A local movie theater had small cups of popcorn sitting on the counter where patrons purchased tickets.The cups were called "complimentary cups," and their purpose was to promote the sale of popcorn.This procedure is most similar to

A)self-reinforcement.
B)generalized reinforcement.
C)intermittent reinforcement.
D)reinforcer sampling.

Question 42

Bribes are best defined as a type of

A)punishment.
B)prompt.
C)reinforcement.
D)shaping.

Question 43

Functional analytic psychotherapy shapes a client's interpersonal behaviors with

A)token reinforcers.
B)tangible reinforcers.
C)social reinforcers.
D)cognitive reinforcers.

Question 44

_____ refers to reinforcing only some of the occurrences of a target behavior.

A)Reinforcer unreliability
B)Fractional reinforcement
C)An individualized contingency
D)Intermittent reinforcement

Question 45

In behavior therapy, most reinforcement comes from

A)the natural environment.
B)reinforcing agents.
C)self-reinforcement.
D)the client.

Question 46

Events that serve as reinforcers for many people are called

A)positive reinforcers.
B)universal reinforcers.
C)generalized reinforcers.
D)empirical reinforcers.

Question 47

Which technique is used when a reinforcer cannot be identified-

A)Direct questioning
B)Direct self-report inventory
C)Reinforcer sampling
D)Naturalistic observation

Question 48

_____ involves reinforcing successively closer approximations of a target behavior.

A)Shaping
B)Fading
C)Prompting
D)Reinforcer sampling

Question 49

The children's game where one is guided by the words "hot" or "cold" to find something hidden is similar to

A)prompting.
B)reinforcer sampling.
C)intermittent reinforcement.
D)shaping.

Question 50

One major benefit of self-reinforcement is its association with greater

A)satisfaction.
B)accuracy.
C)generalization.
D)reliability.

Question 51

Continuous reinforcement refers to the

A)reinforcement of every occurrence of the target behavior.
B)non-contingent availability of reinforcement.
C)process of reinforcer sampling.
D)natural state of unmodified behaviors.

Question 52

All the construction workers building a house were given a bonus because one of the workers, who had been late frequently, showed up on time 5 days in a row.This is an example of a(n) _____ contingency.

A)individual
B)bonus
C)group
D)partial

Question 53

The Reinforcement Survey Schedule is an example of _____ used to assess potential reinforcers.

A)self-recording
B)systematic observation
C)a direct self-report inventory
D)a rating scale