Deck 7: Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Question 1

A pigment that absorbs red and blue light and reflects green light is

A) xanthophyll.
B) phycocyanin.
C) chlorophyll.
D) carotenoid.
E) melanin.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What structural feature of a leaf enables it to obtain CO₂ from the air?

A) Chloroplast
B) Stomata
C) Epidermis
D) Cuticle
E) Mesophyll

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The products of photosynthesis are

A) glucose, water, and oxygen.
B) glucose and water.
C) carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
D) glucose and carbon dioxide.
E) carbon dioxide, chlorophyll, and oxygen.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Pigments that absorb light energy to drive photosynthesis include

A) chlorophyll and carotenoids.
B) carotenoids only.
C) carotenoids and anthocyanins.
D) chlorophyll only.
E) anthocyanins only.

Question 5

Suppose that you are experimenting with different types of lighting for your indoor green plants. Which of the following colors of light will be most effective?

A) Red and green
B) Red and blue
C) Orange and yellow
D) Black
E) Green

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT true of chlorophyll?

A) It is found in mitochondria.
B) It absorbs light at the red and blue ends of the spectrum.
C) It is the main photosynthetic pigment in plants.
D) It reflects green wavelengths of light.
E) It is found in the thylakoid membrane.

Question 7

In the chloroplast, energy in sunlight is passed around different chlorophyll molecules until it reaches a specific chlorophyll molecule that can transfer energy in sunlight to an energized electron. This chlorophyll molecule is called the

A) reaction center.
B) photoelectric point.
C) nucleus.
D) electron- carrier molecule.
E) accessory pigment.

Question 8

The energy required for photosynthesis to occur is

A) ultraviolet light.
B) oxygen.
C) air.
D) glucose.
E) visible light.

Question 9

The replacement electrons for the reaction center of photosystem II come from

A) glucose.
B) photosystem I.
C) H₂O.
D) O₂.
E) NADPH.

Question 10

Carotenoid pigments are found in the

A) nucleus.
B) thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts.
C) stroma of the chloroplasts.
D) mitochondria.

Question 11

Imagine that a plant in your garden doesn't receive an adequate amount of water. Which of the following would be most affected by this?

A) The Calvin cycle of photosynthesis only
B) The light reactions of photosynthesis only
C) Neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis
D) Both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis

Question 12

Specifically, molecules of chlorophyll are located in the membranes of sacs called

A) stroma.
B) grana.
C) thylakoids.
D) vesicles.
E) stoma.

Question 13

The vast majority of chloroplasts found in a leaf are in the

A) mesophyll.
B) vascular bundles.
C) cuticle.
D) stroma.
E) epidermis.

Question 14

Albino corn has no chlorophyll. You would expect albino corn seedlings to

A) fail to thrive because they cannot capture light energy.
B) capture light energy in the white end of the visible light spectrum.
C) synthesize glucose indefinitely, using stored ATP and NADPH.
D) switch from the C4 pathway to the crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) pathway.
E) use accessory pigments such as carotenoids to capture light.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the light reactions?

A) Without water, the system would shut down.
B) ATP and NADPH are needed.
C) They rely on energy provided by glucose synthesis.
D) Without photosystem I, photosystem II could not occur.
E) Oxygen is required.

Question 16

All of the following factors influence the rate of photosynthesis EXCEPT

A) light intensity.
B) atmospheric N2 levels.
C) temperature.
D) water availability.
E) atmospheric CO₂ levels.

Question 17

Before photosynthesis evolved, was rare in Earth's atmosphere.

A) air
B) N2
C) CO₂
D) H₂O
E) O₂

Question 18

Imagine that a scientist discovers a mutant plant seedling that appears to lack stomata. What would be the effect of this?

A) Additional ATP would be produced by the seedling, and the plant would grow taller.
B) Glucose would not be able to enter the plant as a reactant for photosynthesis.
C) CO₂ would not be able to enter the plant as a reactant for photosynthesis.
D) Visible wavelengths of light would be unable to reach the chloroplasts.

Question 19

The cellular organelle that utilizes sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen is the

A) endoplasmic reticulum.
B) cristae.
C) chloroplast.
D) mitochondrion.
E) thylakoid.

Question 20

All of the following compounds are necessary components for photosynthesis EXCEPT

A) water.
B) NADP.
C) ATP.
D) carbon dioxide.
E) oxygen.

Question 21

What is produced in the electron transport system associated with photosystem II?

A) NADPH
B) Glucose
C) ATP
D) O₂
E) CO₂

Question 22

The role of water in photosynthesis is to

A) maintain turgor pressure.
B) provide H₂.
C) provide oxygen.
D) provide electrons.

Question 23

The light reactions of photosynthesis result in which of the following?

A) Oxidation of chlorophyll
B) Oxidation of CO₂
C) Production of ATP
D) Reduction of H₂O
E) Oxidation of glucose

Question 24

Which of the following is a source of electrons that plants use for reduction reactions during photosynthesis?

A) CO₂
B) RuBP
C) O₂
D) H₂O
E) Glucose

Question 25

The ATP and NADPH synthesized during the light reactions are

A) pumped into a compartment within the thylakoid membrane.
B) moved to the stroma.
C) transported into the nucleus.
D) dissolved in the cytoplasm.
E) transported to the mitochondria.

Question 26

Which of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis is FALSE?

A) NADPH becomes oxidized to NADP+.
B) Chlorophyll (and other pigments) absorbs light energy, which excites electrons.
C) ATP is formed.
D) The splitting of water molecules provides a source of electrons.
E) An electron transport chain is used to create a proton gradient.

Question 27

The NADPH required for carbon dioxide fixation during the Calvin cycle is formed

A) only in C4 plants.
B) by the reduction of oxygen.
C) during the light reactions.
D) in the mitochondria.
E) by the hydrolysis of ATP.

Question 28

From where does the O₂ released during the light reactions of photosynthesis come?

A) C6H12O6
B) H₂O
C) CO₂
D) RuBP
E) ATP

Question 29

The energy of the movement of electrons down a concentration gradient via electron transport within the thylakoid membrane is used to generate

A) glucose.
B) CO₂.
C) H₂O.
D) O₂.
E) ATP.

Question 30

Suppose you are studying photosynthesis in a research lab. You grow your plants in a chamber with a source of water that has a radioactively labeled oxygen atom. What photosynthetic product will be radioactive?

A) NADPH
B) CO₂ gas
C) ATP
D) Glucose
E) O₂ gas

Question 31

During the process of photosynthesis, solar energy is converted to

A) chemical energy.
B) nuclear energy.
C) heat energy.
D) mechanical energy.
E) thermal energy.

Question 32

The energy of the movement of electrons down a concentration gradient via electron transport within chloroplasts and mitochondria is used to generate

A) ATP.
B) CO₂.
C) glucose.
D) O₂.
E) H₂O.

Question 33

Hydrogen ions cross the thylakoid membranes from the stroma by

A) simple diffusion.
B) osmosis.
C) facilitated diffusion.
D) synthesis.
E) active transport.

Question 34

The primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis is to

A) use ATP to make glucose.
B) convert light energy to the chemical energy of lipids.
C) produce energy- rich ATP and NADPH.
D) produce energy- rich glucose from carbon dioxide and water.
E) produce NADPH used in respiration.

Question 35

Which of the following provides O₂ as an end product?

A) Light- independent reactions
B) Glycolysis
C) Cellular respiration
D) Light reactions
E) Synthesis

Question 36

Which sequence accurately describes the flow of electrons in photosynthesis?

A) Photosystem I -photosystem II -H₂O -NADP
B) H₂O -photosystem II -photosystem I -NADP
C) Photosystem I -photosystem II -NADP -H₂O
D) Photosystem II -photosystem I -NADP -H₂O
E) H₂O -photosystem I -photosystem II -NADP

Question 37

Which process of photosynthesis is directly linked to the production of ATP?

A) Fixing of carbon
B) Splitting of a water molecule
C) Synthesis of O₂
D) Photosystem II
E) Generation of NADPH

Question 38

Light reactions produce

A) ATP, NADPH, and O₂.
B) ATP, NADPH, and H₂O.
C) ATP, NADPH, and CO₂.
D) glucose, ATP, and O₂.
E) glucose, ATP, and CO₂.

Question 39

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the light reactions?

A) Photosystem II generates ATP, whereas photosystem I generates NADPH.
B) Photosystem I generates ATP, whereas photosystem II generates NADPH.
C) ATP is the final electron acceptor.
D) NADPH and ATP are both synthesized from the light reactions within photosystem I.

Question 40

You are carrying out an experiment on several aquatic plants in your fish tank. You decide to expose two of the plants to green light and two to blue light. You want to determine which type of light is best for the light reactions, so to reach your conclusions, you decide to record the amount of oxygen bubbles produced. Which of the following results would be expected?

A) There would be more bubbles from the plants in blue light than from those in green light.
B) No bubbles would be produced in either green light or blue light.
C) There would be more bubbles from the plants in green light than from those in blue light.
D) There would be the same number of bubbles from plants in blue or green light.

Question 41

What condition(s) must be met for glucose to be produced during photosynthesis?

A) The concentration of O₂ must be significantly higher than that of CO₂.
B) Mitochondria must convert light energy to ATP.
C) NADH and FADH are available.
D) The products of light- dependent reactions must be available.

Question 42

NADPH is synthesized during which of the following reactions?

A) The light reactions only
B) The Calvin cycle only
C) Both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle
D) Neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle

Question 43

In the reduction of CO₂ during C4 photosynthesis, which of the following initially combines with CO₂?

A) PGAL
B) NADH
C) PGA
D) RuBP
E) PEP

Question 44

What happens to CO₂ when it moves into the stroma?

A) It gets incorporated into the Calvin cycle and goes toward the formation of glucose.
B) It is converted to water.
C) It immediately passes on to the thylakoids.
D) The CO₂ becomes a by- product of cellular respiration.
E) The CO₂ splits into C and O₂.

Question 45

In the C4 pathway, what is the source of carbon?

A) Carbon dioxide
B) Water
C) Glucose
D) NADPH
E) ATP

Question 46

All of the following are part of the Calvin cycle EXCEPT

A) generation of ATP.
B) carbon fixation.
C) regeneration of RuBP.
D) synthesis of G3P.

Question 47

NADPH is a reactant required during which of the following reactions?

A) The light reactions only
B) The Calvin cycle only
C) Both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle
D) Neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle

Question 48

The term cycle is used to describe the Calvin cycle because

A) the metabolic pathway begins and ends with RuBP.
B) the reactions occur only once in a 24- hour period.
C) glucose is synthesized during the process.
D) the process depends on products from the light reactions.
E) CO₂ is fixed.

Question 49

Which of the following occurs during the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis?

A) Chlorophyll acts as an enzyme, but only in the dark.
B) Carbon dioxide is converted to chemicals that can be used to make sugars.
C) Nothing occurs because the plant rests in the dark.
D) Water is converted to its most basic elements, hydrogen and water.

Question 50

What is the correct order for the reactions of the Calvin cycle?

A) Carbon fixation, synthesis of G3P, regeneration of RuBP
B) Carbon fixation, regeneration of RuBP, synthesis of G3P
C) Synthesis of G3P, carbon fixation, regeneration of RuBP
D) Synthesis of G3P, regeneration of RuBP, carbon fixation
E) Regeneration of RuBP, carbon fixation, synthesis of G3P

Question 51

Glucose is made during which of the following reactions?

A) The light reactions only
B) The Calvin cycle only
C) Both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle
D) Neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle

Question 52

Photorespiration is detrimental for a plant because

A) RuBP is degraded.
B) O₂ is required.
C) no glucose is produced.
D) glucose is synthesized.
E) CO₂ is synthesized.

Question 53

Enzymes are required during which of the following reactions?

A) The light reactions only
B) The Calvin cycle only
C) Both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle
D) Neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle

Question 54

Where do the reactions of a C4 pathway occur in a plant such as corn?

A) Mesophyll and bundle sheath cells
B) Bundle sheath cells only
C) Bundle sheath and epidermal cells
D) Mesophyll cells only
E) Epidermal cells only

Question 55

Water is required to drive which of the following reactions?

A) The light reactions only
B) The Calvin cycle only
C) Both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle
D) Neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle

Question 56

Where is glucose synthesized during photosynthesis?

A) Matrix
B) Stroma
C) Thylakoids
D) Membrane proteins
E) Cytoplasm

Question 57

What kind of habitat does a C4- pathway plant favor?

A) Wet and cloudy
B) Cool and moist
C) Totally aquatic
D) Cool and dry
E) Hot and dry

Question 58

In green plants, the primary function of the Calvin cycle is to

A) split water and release oxygen.
B) use ATP to release carbon dioxide.
C) use NADPH to release carbon dioxide.
D) construct the building blocks of simple sugars from carbon dioxide.
E) transport glucose out of the chloroplast.

Question 59

In the C3 pathway, where does the carbon come from to form glucose?

A) Atmospheric CO₂
B) Water
C) ATP and NADPH
D) Chlorophyll
E) Enzymes

Question 60

During photosynthesis, when is CO₂ utilized?

A) During the light reactions only
B) During the Calvin cycle only
C) During both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle
D) During neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle

Question 61

If C4 photosynthesis prevents photorespiration, why haven't all plants evolved to use the C4 pathway?

A) C4 produces some toxic by- products.
B) C4 is not advantageous in all climates.
C) All plants will evolve to be C4 in time.
D) C4 is advantageous only in high- oxygen habitats.
E) Only some plants use C4 photosynthesis.

Question 62

During the light reactions of photosynthesis, the synthesis of is coupled to the diffusion of protons.

Question 63

The carotenoids and other accessory pigments in the chloroplast help capture light into the reaction center's chlorophyll molecules.

Question 64

In the process of photosynthesis, and formed during the light reactions are required in the Calvin cycle to reduce carbon dioxide to glucose.

Question 65

The stacked grana are disk- shaped, interconnected membranous sacs embedded in the membrane of the stroma.

Question 66

Carbon dioxide is required in the light reactions of photosynthesis.

Question 67

The photosystems are involved in the light reactions of photosynthesis.

Question 68

All of the following are true of biofuels EXCEPT

A) there is concern that using food products as a fuel source will reduce the global food supply and increase food prices.
B) demand for biofuels has placed demands on rain- forest lands.
C) these are fuels such as methane produced from renewable biological resources such as soybeans and corn.
D) the goal of their use is to reduce harmful carbon dioxide emissions.
E) biofuels are the only solution to our growing need for fuels in the future.

Question 69

Under dry conditions, a C4 plant is more efficient at photosynthesis than that of a C3 plant.

Question 70

In C4 photosynthesis, where does the carbon in newly synthesized glucose come from?

A) Atmospheric CO₂
B) Water
C) Chlorophyll
D) ATP and NADPH
E) Enzymes

Question 71

Many plants have evolved leaves that have adjustable pores, called , which allow for gas exchange and water loss.

Question 72

The majority of the leaf's chloroplasts are found in the mesophyll cells.

Question 73

C3 plants are adapted to environmental conditions, whereas C4 plants are adapted to conditions.

A) drought; rainy
B) high- light; low- light
C) temperate; cool and rainy
D) wet; dry
E) dry; wet

Question 74

Where does the C4 cycle get its name?

A) It is a four- step process.
B) The first product in the cycle has four carbons.
C) PEP is a four- carbon molecule.
D) Only four carbons are used in the cycle.
E) Four CO₂ molecules are released.

Question 75

Light reactions occur in the , and the Calvin cycle occurs in the _ _ of the chloroplast of a typical mesophyll leaf cell.

Question 76

The cells in the layer of the leaf contain the majority of a leaf's chloroplasts.

Question 77

In C3 photosynthesis, what fixes the carbon?

A) RuBP
B) PEP
C) PGAL
D) ATP
E) PGA

Question 78

The process of photosynthesis converts solar energy to _ energy stored in the bonds of glucose.

Question 79

Light- harvesting pigments in the chloroplast include chlorophyll and the yellowish accessory pigments called
.

Question 80

is the main light- capturing molecule in chloroplasts and is responsible for giving leaves their characteristic green color.