Deck 26: Microbial Disease of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Question 1

One form of NGU is lymphogranuloma venereum caused by

A) Candida albicans.
B) Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
C) Leptospira interrogans.
D) Treponema pallidum.
E) Chlamydia trachomatis.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of the following is diagnosed by detection of antibodies against the causative agent?

A) syphilis
B) nongonococcal urethritis
C) gonorrhea
D) candidiasis
E) lymphogranuloma venereum

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Pyelonephritis usually is caused by

A) Escherichia coli.
B) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
C) Enterobacter aerogenes.
D) Streptococcus pyogenes.
E) Proteus spp.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is treated with penicillin?

A) genital warts
B) syphilis
C) candidiasis
D) trichomoniasis
E) genital herpes

Question 5

Pyelonephritis may result from

A) cystitis.
B) urethritis.
C) ureteritis.
D) systemic infections.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 6

The most common reservoir for leptospirosis within the United States is

A) rats.
B) water.
C) humans.
D) domestic dogs.
E) domestic cats.

Question 7

Normal microbiota of the adult vagina consist primarily of

A) Lactobacillus.
B) Streptococcus.
C) Candida.
D) Mycobacterium.
E) Neisseria.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT primarily a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?

A) chancroid
B) trichomoniasis
C) gonorrhea
D) lymphogranuloma venereum
E) genital herpes

Question 9

Which of the following recurs at the initial site of infection?

A) chancroid
B) LGV
C) genital herpes
D) syphilis
E) gonorrhea

Question 10

The pH of the adult vagina is acidic due to the conversion of to by bacteria.

A) glycogen; lactic acid
B) glucose; ethanol
C) protein; acetic acid
D) mucosal cells; lactic acid
E) urine; lactic acid

Question 11

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) trichomoniasis  fungus
B) chancroid  gram-negative rod
C) syphilis  gram-negative spirochete
D) gonorrhea  gram-negative cocci
E) Gardnerella  clue cells

Question 12

A urine sample collected directly from the urinary bladder

A) contains more than 100,000 pathogens/ml.
B) is sterile.
C) has leukocyte esterase.
D) contains fewer than 100 pathogens/ml.
E) contains fewer than 10,000 pathogens/ml.

Question 13

Nongonococcal urethritis can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT

A) Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
B) Candida albicans.
C) streptococci.
D) Mycoplasma homini.
E) Trichomonas vaginalis.

Question 14

Cystitis is most often caused by

A) Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
B) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
C) Escherichia coli.
D) Leptospira interrogans.
E) Candida albicans.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT an antimicrobial feature of the urinary system?

A) flushing action of urine
B) pH of the urine
C) the use of the urethra for seminal fluid in women
D) physiological valves found in the ureter
E) None of the answers is correct; all of these are antimicrobial features of the urinary system.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factors to cystitis in females?

A) sexual intercourse
B) the length of the urethra
C) the proximity of the anus to the urethra
D) poor personal hygiene
E) None of the answers is correct; all of these are predisposing factors.

Question 17

Most nosocomial infections of the urinary tract are caused by

A) Proteus.
B) Pseudomonas.
C) Enterococcus.
D) Klebsiella.
E) Escherichia coli.

Question 18

Which of the following is caused by an opportunistic pathogen?

A) trichomoniasis
B) genital herpes
C) gonorrhea
D) candidiasis
E) chancroid

Question 19

All of the following result from N. gonorrhoeae infection. Which one leads to the others?

A) CD4+ T lymphocytes do not activate.
B) There is an increased risk of other STIs.
C) Antibody production is stopped.
D) CD4+ T lymphocytes do not proliferate.
E) Opa protein attaches to CD4+ T lymphocytes.

Question 20

All of the following can cause congenital infection or infections of the newborn EXCEPT

A) lymphogranuloma venereum.
B) genital herpes.
C) gonorrhea.
D) nongonococcal urethritis.
E) syphilis.

Question 21

A patient is experiencing profuse greenish-yellow, foul-smelling discharge from her vagina. She is complaining of itching and irritation. What is the most likely treatment?

A) miconazole
B) acyclovir
C) cephalosporins
D) metronidazole
E) No treatment is available.

Question 22

A 25-year-old man presented with fever, malaise, and a rash on his chest, arms, and feet. Which of the following will be most useful for a rapid diagnosis?

A) viral culture
B) serological test for antigen
C) serological test for antibodies
D) microscopic examination of blood
E) bacterial culture

Question 23

Which of the following statements about pelvic inflammatory disease is FALSE?

A) It can be caused by N. gonorrhoeae.
B) It can be caused by T. pallidum.
C) It can cause sterility and chronic pain.
D) It can be caused by C. trachomatis.
E) It can be transmitted sexually.

Question 24

Infants born to asymptomatic mothers with recurrent genital herpes are less likely to acquire herpesvirus at birth than infants born to newly infected mothers because

A) prophylactic antibiotics are administered to the newborn.
B) the disease cannot be transmitted to newborns.
C) maternal antibodies offer protection.
D) the disease is not communicable.
E) the virus is not growing.

Question 25

Which one of the following does NOT cause nongonococcal urethritis?

A) Ureaplasma
B) Mycoplasma
C) Neisseria
D) Chlamydia
E) None of the answers is correct; all of these cause NGU.

Question 26

Which of the following is caused by Chlamydia?

A) candidiasis
B) Gardnerella vaginosis
C) trichomoniasis
D) lymphogranuloma venereum
E) genital herpes

Question 27

Which of the following is the most difficult to treat with chemotherapeutic agents?

A) trichomoniasis
B) leptospirosis
C) gonorrhea
D) genital herpes
E) syphilis

Question 28

A 25-year-old man presented with fever, malaise, and a rash on his chest, arms, and feet. Which of the following causative agents is most likely to cause these symptoms?

A) HSV-2
B) Nesseria
C) HPV
D) Candida
E) Treponema

Question 29

Recurring vesicles on the surface of human skin are symptoms of

A) trichomoniasis.
B) candidiasis.
C) Gardnerella vaginosis.
D) genital herpes.
E) lymphogranuloma venereum.

Question 30

The most common NGU in the United States is treated with

A) acyclovir.
B) penicillin.
C) cephalosporins.
D) AZT.
E) doxycycline.

Question 31

Which of the following diseases causes a skin rash, hair loss, malaise, and fever?

A) NGU
B) gonorrhea
C) genital herpes
D) syphilis
E) trichomoniasis

Question 32

A positive LE test and 10,000 CFU/ml in urine indicates

A) urethritis.
B) cystitis.
C) genital herpes.
D) pyelonephritis.
E) gonorrhea.

Question 33

Which of the following is greater?

A) the number of reported cases of AIDS last year
B) the number of reported cases of gonorrhea last year
C) The number of reported cases of gonorrhea and AIDS are likely equal.

Question 34

Staphylococcus saprophyticus causes

A) gonorrhea.
B) pyelonephritis.
C) syphilis.
D) cystitis.
E) vaginitis.

Question 35

Which one of the following statements about genital warts is FALSE?

A) It can lead to cervical cancer in women.
B) It is always precancerous.
C) It is treated by removing them.
D) It is transmitted by direct contact.
E) It is caused by papillomaviruses.

Question 36

A patient presents with fever and extensive lesions of the labia minora. Her VDRL test was negative. What is the most likely treatment?

A) metronidazole
B) acyclovir
C) cephalosporins
D) miconazole
E) No treatment is available.

Question 37

The most common reportable disease in the United States is

A) gonorrhea.
B) candidiasis.
C) syphilis.
D) cystitis.
E) lymphogranuloma venereum.

Question 38

Leukocytes at the infected site are a symptom of

A) lymphogranuloma venereum.
B) Gardnerella vaginosis.
C) genital herpes.
D) candidiasis.
E) trichomoniasis.

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a complication of gonorrhea?

A) endocarditis
B) meningitis
C) pelvic inflammatory disease
D) arthritis
E) None of the answers are correct; all of these are potential complications of gonorrhea.

Question 40

Vaginal itching and cheesy discharge are symptoms of

A) genital herpes.
B) lymphogranuloma venereum.
C) Gardnerella vaginosis.
D) candidiasis.
E) trichomoniasis.

Question 41

Would you expect the incidence of leptospirosis to be higher in urban or rural communities? Explain.

Question 42

A 25-year-old man presented with fever, malaise, and a rash on his chest, arms, and feet. Diagnosis was based on serological testing. The patient then reported that he had an ulcer on his penis two months earlier. What stage of disease is the patient in?

A) tertiary
B) NGU
C) primary
D) secondary

Question 43

A pelvic examination of a 23-year-old woman showed vesicles and ulcerated lesions on her labia. Cultures were negative for Neisseria and Chlamydia; the VDRL test was negative. Which of the following is probable?

A) gonorrhea
B) genital herpes
C) NGU
D) syphilis
E) candidiasis

Question 44

Most UTI infections in the population are a result of catheterization in a hospital setting.

Question 45

Anatomically, women have more portals of entry in the reproductive system compared to men.

Question 46

Trichomoniasis is the only known STI caused by a protozoan.

Question 47

A pelvic examination of a 23-year-old woman showed vesicles and ulcerated lesions on her labia. Cultures were negative for Neisseria and Chlamydia; the VDRL test was negative. Which treatment is appropriate?

A) metronidazole
B) acyclovir
C) surgery
D) miconazole
E) penicillin

Question 48

Nearly 70 percent of the patients seen in STI clinics are men. Offer a reason men are more likely to seek treatment than women. Why is it important that women seek treatment for STIs?

Question 49

The TORCH panel of tests is used to screen for diseases like syphilis.

Question 50

Women and men typically have the same normal microbiota in their reproductive systems.

Question 51

Only HSV-2 can cause genital herpes.

Question 52

Why are the unreported cases of STIs an important public health concern?

Question 53

A 25-year-old male presented with fever, malaise, and a rash on his chest, arms, and feet. Diagnosis was based on serological testing. The patient then reported that he had an ulcer on his penis two months earlier. This disease can be treated with

A) metronidazole.
B) penicillin.
C) acyclovir.
D) miconazole.
E) surgery.

Question 54

The male urethra is typically sterile.

Question 55

Candida is a normal flora found in the majority (greater than 50%) of women.

Question 56

Which of the following is treated with cephalosporins because the organism is resistant to penicillin and fluoroquinolones?

A) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
B) Gardnerella vaginalis
C) Treponema pallidum
D) Haemophilus ducreyi
E) Mycoplasma hominis

Question 57

A microbe that enters the vagina would likely cause cystitis if left untreated.

Question 58

Would you expect reported cases of urethritis to be higher than pyleonephritis? Explain.

Question 59

Genital candidiasis is a disease that only affects women.