Deck 4: Introduction to Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

Which of the following processes is incorrectly matched to its description?

A) Exocytosis: Exports materials into a cell
B) Pinocytosis: Imports dissolved substance using small vesicles
C) Phagocytosis: Imports undissolved substances but not whole cells or viruses
D) Receptor- mediated endocytosis: Uses specific binding between structures on the plasma membrane binding to ligands
E) Endocytosis: Imports materials into a cell

Answer 1

Phagocytosis: Imports undissolved substances but not whole cells or viruses

Question 2

Which of the following statements describes eukaryotic cells?

A) They contain membrane- bound organelles such as a nucleus.
B) They may contain 80S or 70S ribosomes in their cytoplasm.
C) They may divide using binary fission, mitosis, or meiosis.
D) They have a cell wall.
E) They may contain a cell wall made of peptidoglycan.

Answer 2

They contain membrane- bound organelles such as a nucleus.

Question 3

Which feature is not found in protozoans?

A) unicellular
B) performs photosynthesis
C) usually heterotrophic
D) no cell walls
E) may reproduce sexually or asexually

Answer 3

performs photosynthesis

Question 4

A researcher discovers a chemical compound which prevents the incorporation of ergosterol in the plasma membrane We can predict that this compound would be toxic to which kinds of organisms?

A) viruses
B) fungi
C) animals
D) plants
E) bacteria

Question 5

You have discovered a compound that inhibits the placement of sterols in the plasma membrane. What can you deduce about the efficacy of this drug?

A) This drug may be broadly effective against both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells but may be toxic in human patients.
B) This drug may be broadly effective against eukaryotic cells but may be toxic in human patients.
C) This drug may be broadly effective against both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
D) This drug may be broadly effective against prokaryotic cells.
E) This drug may be broadly effective against eukaryotic cells.

Question 6

Most helminthic parasites spend at least some part of their life cycle in the

A) skin.
B) gastrointestinal tract.
C) genitourinary tract.
D) cardiovascular system.
E) respiratory tract.

Question 7

Fungal infections are called

A) coencytic.
B) basidium.
C) sporgangia.
D) mycoses.
E) dimorphic.

Question 8

Amoeboid protozoans

A) may exist in the environment encased in a tough protective layer called a cyst.
B) move via cilia.
C) are always free- living.
D) move via cilia and are always free- living.
E) move via cilia, are always free- living and may exist in the environment encased in a tough protective layer called a cyst.

Question 9

A similarity between mitosis and meiosis is

A) copying DNA before the cell divides.
B) production of daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent.
C) production of genetically unique daughter cells.
D) two sequential cell divisions.
E) sexual reproduction.

Question 10

Evidence in support of the endosymbiotic theory includes

A) the presence of 70S ribosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts and a single membrane enclosing the mitochondria and chloroplasts linear DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
B) the presence of 70S ribosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts and a single membrane enclosing the mitochondria and chloroplasts.
C) linear DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
D) a single membrane enclosing the mitochondria and chloroplasts.
E) the presence of 70S ribosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Question 11

You have isolated a new eukaryotic organism which is unicellular and performs photosynthesis. The organism is most likely classified as a(n)

A) fungus.
B) animal.
C) plant- like protista.
D) bacterium.
E) fungi- like protista.

Question 12

You have isolated a new organism which has eukaryotic cells, is multicellular, grows as hyphae, does not perform photosynthesis, and has a cell wall. This organism most likely belongs to which kingdom?

A) Fungi
B) Bacteria
C) Protista
D) Archaea
E) either Fungi or Protista

Question 13

Which pairing of organism and the chemical component of its cell wall is matched incorrectly?

A) Bacteria: peptidoglycan
B) Fungi: chitin
C) Protista: cellulose, silica, or other components
D) Animals: cholesterol
E) Plants: cellulose

Question 14

Which statement does not describe helminthic parasites?

A) All reproduce sexually.
B) All belong to one of two groups: roundworms or flatworms.
C) All are hermaphroditic.
D) An important mode of transmission is ingestion of the eggs or organism from feces- contaminated food and water.
E) All tend to have complex life cycles that can involve different host species.

Question 15

A patient presents with symptoms of severe gastrointestinal distress. Bacterial and viral pathogens are ruled out. A protozoan which moves via hair- like appendages is observed upon microscopic examination of the patient's stool. The most likely cause of the infection is

A) Balantidium coli, a ciliated protozoan.
B) ergot toxin, a fungal mycotoxin.
C) Giardia lamblia, a flagellated protozoan.
D) Plasmodium, an apicomplexan.
E) Entamoeba histolytica, an amoeboid protozoan.

Question 16

Which persons may be at increased risk for mycoses?

A) those with weakened immune systems
B) those who have not received the recommended vaccine schedule
C) those who have had their normal microbiome disrupted by antibiotic therapy
D) either those with weakened immune systems or those who have had their normal microbiome disrupted by antibiotic therapy
E) either those with weakened immune systems or those who have not received the recommended vaccine schedule

Question 17

Which group is not a kingdom- level classification of eukaryotic organisms?

A) plants
B) animals
C) fungi
D) protista
E) protozoa

Question 18

Which process is pictured?

A) endocytosis
B) phagocytosis
C) exocytosis
D) receptor- mediated endocytosis
E) pinocytosis

Question 19

Hyphae are

A) a collection of tubular structures that result from fungal growth.
B) collections of fungal growth on the skin.
C) reproductive structures in fungi.
D) a unicellular yeast- like form found in some fungi.
E) the main growth form of pathogenic fungi when they are infecting humans.

Question 20

Which of the following are asexual fungal spores?

A) ascospores, basidiospores, and conidiospores
B) any type of fungal spore can be asexual or sexual depending on how it formed
C) ascospores, basidiospores, and zygospores
D) conidiospores and sporangiospores
E) No types of fungal spores are asexual.

Question 21

Which fiber of the cytoskeleton is matched correctly with its function or structure?

A) Microtubule: Composed of the protein actin
B) Intermediate filament: Polymerize and depolymerize to facilitate cell movement
C) Microfilaments: Interact with the motor protein myosin
D) Microfilaments: Polymerize to form the spindle during mitosis
E) Microtubule: Contribute tensile strength to the cytoskeleton

Question 22

Mitochondria share all the following features with bacteria except

A) linear DNA.
B) linear DNA and 80S ribosomes.
C) 70S and 80S ribosomes.
D) 80S ribosomes.
E) 70S ribosomes.

Question 23

Which does not describe eukaryotic flagella?

A) anchored by a basal body connected to a centriole
B) flagellin protein
C) 9+2 arrangement of microtubules
D) plasma membrane- enclosed
E) whip- like motion

Question 24

A chemical compound is discovered which prevents the actin protein from interacting with the myosin protein. What can you deduce about this compound?

A) It might be an effective compound against amoeboid protozoans but might also be too toxic to human cells to be used.
B) It might be an effective compound against bacterial pathogens.
C) It might have toxic effects against all eukaryotic cells.
D) It might be an effective compound against bacterial pathogens amoeboid protozoans.
E) It might be an effective compound against amoeboid protozoans.

Question 25

Mitochondria do not participate in which function?

A) production of amino acids and vitamins
B) motility
C) production of ATP
D) programmed cell death
E) regulation of cell division

Question 26

According the endosymbiont theory we can reason that the merging event that led to the mitochondria occurred before the merging event that led to the chloroplast because all eukaryotic cells which have chloroplasts also have mitochondria, but all cells that have mitochondria do not necessarily have chloroplasts.

Question 27

Which structure pictured is the site of synthesis of proteins destined for secretion?

A) rough endoplasmic reticulum
B) rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and cisternae
C) rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) cisternae
E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 28

The rough ER and the smooth ER are distinguished from each other by

A) the presence or absence of membrane- bound ribosomes.
B) the presence or absence of membrane- bound ribosomes and the synthesis of lipids by the rough ER and the synthesis of proteins by the smooth ER.
C) the presence or absence of both DNA and membrane- bound ribosomes.
D) the presence of absence of DNA.
E) synthesis of lipids by the rough ER and synthesis of proteins by the smooth ER.

Question 29

The primary function of the nucleus is

A) serving as the site of most of the cell's chemical reactions.
B) digestion and processing of nutrients.
C) housing the cell's DNA.
D) serving as the site of ribosome synthesis of protein.
E) production of the cell's energy molecule, ATP.

Question 30

Where are cilia found in the human body?

A) large intestine
B) oral cavity
C) lining blood vessels
D) upper respiratory tract
E) female reproductive system

Question 31

The chromatin is

A) a liquid filling the nucleus.
B) an organelle which is continuous with the nuclear envelope.
C) the site where ribosomal subunits begin their development.
D) the entry and exit point for material into and out of the nucleus.
E) a collection of DNA and protein.

Question 32

Which portion of the mitochondria is folded to create a large surface area?

A) outer membrane
B) inner membrane
C) intercristal space
D) matrix
E) inner and outer membranes

Question 33

Which is not a function which the cytoskeleton performs?

A) protection from external forces
B) transport of vesicles and organelles
C) passive transport of substances through the plasma membrane
D) movement of chromosomes during cell division
E) movement of the cell

Question 34

The role of the glycocalyx in eukaryotic cells may include

A) tissue development.
B) tissue development and transport processes.
C) protection against mechanical and osmotic stress, tissue development, and transport processes.
D) protection against mechanical and osmotic stress.
E) transport processes.

Question 35

Which type of vesicle/vacuole is incorrectly matched with its description?

A) Secretory vesicle: Replenishes the lipid bilayer and deliver proteins for incorporation into the membrane
B) Peroxisome: Protects the cell from hydrogen peroxide and other toxic oxygen intermediates
C) Lysosome: Contains hydrolytic enzymes that break down substances engulfed by the cell
D) Vacuole: Contains water and substances such as nutrients, toxins, or waste products
E) Transport vesicle: Moves substances to diverse cellular destinations within the cell

Question 36

Which picture shows the flagella?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 37

A chemical compound which specifically disrupts the 9+2 microtubule arrangement would be a potential drug candidate as a(n)

A) herbicide (weed- killer).
B) drug targeting fungal pathogens.
C) contraceptive drug disabling motility of human sperm.
D) antimicrobial targeting amoeboid protozoans.
E) antibiotic targeting motile bacteria.

Question 38

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes share which of the following features?

A) function is making DNA
B) composed of protein and rRNA
C) contain a large and a small subunit
D) composed of a large and a small subunit and composed of protein and rRNA
E) composed of protein and rRNA, composed of a large and a small subunit, and function is making DNA

Question 39

Which statement is not true about eukaryotic ribosomes?

A) Ribosomes found in mitochondria are 70S rather than the 80S type found in the cytoplasm.
B) Bound ribosomes are always bound while free ribosomes are always free.
C) Both bound and free ribosomes consist of a 40S and a 60S subunit.
D) Bound ribosomes are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
E) Bound ribosomes produce proteins that are destined for secretion from the cell.

Question 40

Vesicles that bud off the ER are typically shuttled to the where their contents can be modified, sorted, and distributed.

A) lysosome
B) plasma membrane
C) mitochondria
D) Golgi apparatus
E) nucleus

Question 41

The four groups of protozoans are grouped by their mode of reproduction.

Question 42

Unlike antibiotics which target the 70S bacterial ribosomes, there are no known chemical substances which can bind to 80S eukaryotic ribosomes.

Question 43

Binary fission, mitosis, and meiosis all produce genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 44

Eukaryotic organelles may be targeted by environmental toxins or microbial pathogens. Describe two examples of disease in humans which result from damage or malfunction to an organelle or other intracellular structure.

Question 45

Protozoan infections are common in (though definitely not limited to) developing countries where limited medical and laboratory facilities may hinder diagnosis. Each of the four groups of protozoans may be identified by certain characteristics visible under the microscope. Name the groups and explain those characteristics which lead to identification.

Question 46

Describe the sequence of events in the evolution of eukaryotic cells as described by the endosymbiotic hypothesis. List four pieces of evidence which support this theory.

Question 47

The kingdom Protista contains species which have plant- like features, others which contain animal- like features, and still others that contain fungal- like features. This is because scientists do not have a set of standard features by which to group them.

Question 48

Cells which are active and have high energy demand will have more mitochondria than cell that are less active and have lower energy demand.

Question 49

Animal cells are unique among all other eukaryotic groups in that they universally lack a cell wall.

Question 50

Bacterial plasma membranes differ from eukaryotic plasma membranes in that bacterial membranes always contain cholesterol while eukaryotic membranes rarely do.

Question 51

Antimicrobial therapies against fungal or protozoan pathogens are challenging to develop because these microbes have eukaryotic cells just as humans do. However, differences do exist between animal cells and the cells of these microbes which provide the opportunity to develop therapies which target these unique structures or molecules. Describe three cellular components of fungal and/or protozoan cells which are not found in animal cells which could be potential targets for drug therapy.