Deck 12: Attachment, Love, and Flourishing Relationships

Question 1

Consistency in caregivers responses to children's cues is linked to

A) children's academic achievement.
B) the development of high self-esteem.
C) a child's ability to make friends.
D) the development of trust

Answer 1

the development of trust

Question 2

Which of the following would John Bowlby consider to be an adaptive parental behavior?

A) Reading to a child every night before bed
B) Responding to a child's behavior cues with a smile
C) Feeding a child healthy foods
D) Giving a child a chance to choose between two options

Answer 2

Responding to a child's behavior cues with a smile

Question 3

How do the text authors describe the two-way connection between caregiver and child?

A) "As a unique, evolutionary-based motivational system"
B) "As the primary method of transmitting cultural values"
C) "As a unique system that lays the foundation for future relationships"
D) "As the principal means of communication and understanding"

Answer 3

"As a unique, evolutionary-based motivational system"

Question 4

How do we feel when our basic needs for love, affection, and belongingness are not met?

A) Free and Autonomous
B) Lonely and Worthless
C) Hurt and Lonely
D) Tired and Frustrated

Question 5

Relationship problems, emotional disorders, and conduct problems have all been identified as some of the long-term consequences of what type of attachment?

A) Secure attachment
B) Insecure attachment
C) Fearful attachment
D) Dismissive attachment

Question 6

Children who passively or actively demonstrate hostility toward the caregiver while simultaneously wanting to be held and comforted are demonstrating what pattern of attachment?

A) Insecure-avoidant
B) Anxious-fearful/frustrated
C) Insecure-resistant/ambivalent
D) Anxious-impatient

Question 7

Which of the following is one of the four patterns of attachment identified by Ainsworth?

A) Secure-confident
B) Insecure-avoidant
C) Loving-understanding
D) Anxious-fearful

Question 8

With regard to the classification system proposed by Hazan and Shaver, in which category do interviewees express being comfortable depending on others, and comfort in having others depend on them?

A) Preoccupied
B) Dismissing
C) Anxious
D) Secure

Question 9

In the "Strange Situation" assessment,

A) the child is exposed to a series of strangers.
B) the child is exposed to novel situations.
C) the child is exposed to frightening stimuli.
D) the child is put in a room with many other children.

Question 10

When parents are inconsistent in their responses to children, this is associated with children's

A) anger.
B) disappointment.
C) frustration.
D) Depression.

Question 11

Which of the following are two of the necessary components of flourishing relationships?

A) Honesty and Intimacy
B) Intimacy and Love
C) Attachment and Love
D) Commitment and Understanding

Question 12

What is a possible reason why Western concepts of attachment may not apply in collectivist cultures, according to your textbook?

A) Parental absence and other factors may have different meanings for children from collectivist cultures.
B) In collectivist cultures, children are generally not separated from their mothers.
C) The behavior of mothers in collectivist cultures towards their children is different than it is in Western cultures. the all of the above are possible reasons.

Question 13

When does the attachment process begin?

A) After the child's first birthday
B) Immediately following conception
C) When the mother returns to work
D) During the first moment of an infant's life

Question 14

Little Susie is having difficulty cooperating with others and regulating her moods. What pattern of attachment might Susie be demonstrating?

A) Insecure
B) Secure
C) Fearful
D) Dismissive

Question 15

What pattern of attachment is characterized by a balance between exploration of the environment and contact with the caregiver?

A) Insecure
B) Confident
C) Avoidant
D) Secure

Question 16

How many times is the caregiver removed and reintroduced into the novel situation created by Mary Ainsworth?

A) Three
B) One
C) Two
D) Four

Question 17

What is the name of the classic behavioral assessment strategy designed by Mary Ainsworth?

A) The "Experience Sampling Method"
B) The "Strange Situation"
C) The "Functional Behavioral Assessment"
D) The "Positive Behavior Support and Functional Assessment"

Question 18

With regard to the classification system proposed by Main and Goldwyn, which category results in an interview that is not coherent and where representations of the history are unsupported or contradicted?

A) Secure/autonomous
B) Dismissing
C) Preoccupied
D) Unresolved/disorganized

Question 19

Adaptive and maladaptive parental behaviors lead to the development of what?

A) An "attachment system"
B) A "regulation system"
C) An "affection system"
D) A "response system"

Question 20

With regard to the classification system proposed by Hazan and Shaver, which category corresponds to the interviewee expressing a desire to feel independent and self-sufficient?

A) Avoidant
B) Anxious
C) Dismissing
D) Fearful

Question 21

Which of the attachment styles found in Ainsworth's original Strange Situation assessment had the lowest incidence in Korean and Chinese samples, as compared to American samples?

A) Secure
B) Insecure - avoidant
C) Insecure - resistant/ambivalent
D) The three styles did not differ significantly between Asian samples and American samples.

Question 22

According to your authors, sound relationships are built on a foundation of secure attachments and are maintained with

A) love and purposeful behaviors.
B) discipline and reinforcement.
C) love and autonomy.
D) praise and support.

Question 23

In comparing adolescent boys and girls, girls viewed __________ as signs of love from their parents, and boys viewed _______________ as signs of love from their parents.

A) being given monetary support; listening and talking
B) listening and talking; being given monetary support
C) being given monetary support; being given monetary support
D) listening and talking; listening and talking

Question 24

Secure attachment provides many benefits to children. All of the following are benefits EXCEPT

A) providing a safe environment where children can take chances.
B) providing a safe environment where children can initiate new relationships.
C) providing a safe environment where children can engage in learning activities.
D) providing a safe environment where children can learn to be independent.

Question 25

Researchers shown that adults who are lower in attachment anxiety may also have

A) better physical and psychological health.
B) lower amounts of physical energy.
C) less intense and prolonged grieving experiences.
D) fewer fights with spouses or significant others.

Question 26

Which type of love is most related to empathy and altruism?

A) Consummate love
B) Compassionate love
C) Agape love
D) Companionate love

Question 27

Which interview has become the "gold standard" for clinical assessment of adult attachment?

A) The Adult Attachment Interview
B) The Coping Responses Interview
C) The Trauma and Attachment Belief Scale
D) The Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised inventory

Question 28

Kelly has a lively confidence that helps her initiate new relationships and sustain existing ones. What is Kelly's adult attachment style?

A) Dismissing
B) Preoccupied
C) Secure
D) Fearful

Question 29

According to your authors, which of the following is a way to conduct your own "Strange Situation"experiment?

A) The relationship of two circles
B) The jungle gym observations
C) Making the most of good news
D) Capitalizing on daily positive events

Question 30

When adolescents cited actions that made it clear to them that they were loved by their parents, trust, respect, and guidance were most often indicated by

A) adolescents from Eastern cultures.
B) adolescents from Western cultures
C) male adolescents.
D) female adolescents.

Question 31

According to Brennan, which category of adult attachment is high on both avoidance and anxiety?

A) Secure
B) Dismissing
C) Preoccupied
D) Fearful

Question 32

The concept of compassionate love is most related to

A) religious love
B) the parent-child bond
C) mature love
D) romantic relationships

Question 33

Which of the which of the following types of love is "an attitude toward another containing feelings, cognitions, and behaviors that are focused on caring, concern, tenderness, and an orientation toward supporting, helping, and understanding the other?"

A) Companionate love
B) Compassionate love
C) Friendship and comfort love
D) Expansive love

Question 34

In the personal mini experiment "Making the Most of Good News" which of the following is a suggestion for making the most of the positive daily events in your romantic partners life?

A) Find a way to make the event personally significant to you
B) Refrain from asking questions until the person is finished.
C) Relate the positive event to positive event that happened in your life.
D) Listen actively and empathically to the account of the positive event.

Question 35

What are the four historical traditions that define the experience of love?

A) Passionate, Romantic, Intimate, and Agape
B) Eros, Pathos, Thanatos, and Libidos
C) Eros, Philia, Nomos, and Agape
D) Passionate, Complementary, Intimate, and Companionate

Question 36

Adults were classified as secure their attachment style have higher levels of well-being in comparison to individuals who exhibit a preoccupied attachment style. This appears to be due in part to

A) the ability to cognitively reframe various situations.
B) the ability to repress uncomfortable or unacceptable impulses.
C) differences in the organization of their prefrontal cortex.
D) greater buffering from stress due to having social support from more people.

Question 37

How did Bartholomew and Horowitz expand Hazan and Shavers three categories of adult attachment?

A) By including a novel category of adult attachment (insecure)
B) By expanding secure attachment to include realistic and unrealistic types
C) By making a distinction between anxious and apprehensive attachment
D) By differentiating between two types of avoidant attachment

Question 38

Which of the following are included in Mary Main's and colleagues' four category system of adult attachment?

A) Secure and Dependent
B) Preoccupied and Disorganized
C) Dismissing and Self-sufficient
D) Preoccupied and Dependent

Question 39

Children integrate perceptions of their social competence, appeal, and lovability into which internal model?

A) Their other model
B) Their identity model
C) Their working model
D) Their self model

Question 40

According to data from the Cross - National Adolescent Project, what do adolescence as a group regard as a sign that their parents love them?

A) Trust
B) Money
C) Guidance
D) Encouragement

Question 41

Attributing positive behaviors to dispositional causes and negative behaviors to external, situational causes is an example of what component of relationship minding?

A) Accepting and respecting
B) Making relationship-enhancing attributions
C) Maintaining reciprocity
D) Continuity in minding

Question 42

How many love stories did Sternberg discover?

A) 14
B) 32
C) 26
D) 5

Question 43

Which component of the minding model requires an empathic connection?

A) Accepting and respecting
B) Knowing and being known
C) Maintaining reciprocity
D) Continuity in minding

Question 44

Which form of love includes all three components of passion, intimacy, and commitment?

A) Comfort love
B) Companionate love
C) Compassionate love
D) Consummate love

Question 45

Which form of romantic love is the strongest predictor of marital satisfaction?

A) The passionate form
B) The companionate form
C) The intimate form
D) The romantic form

Question 46

What is the first component of the five-component model of minding relationships developed by John Harvey and his colleagues?

A) Accepting and respecting
B) Maintaining reciprocity
C) Continuity in minding
D) Knowing and being known

Question 47

"Largely unconscious views of romance and relationships that guide our interpersonal choices" is the definition of what positive psychological expression?

A) "Emotional intelligence"
B) "Agape love"
C) "Love language"
D) "Love stories"

Question 48

Which form of love is the most durable type?

A) The consummate form
B) The companionate form
C) The intimate form
D) The romantic form

Question 49

Who has become so good at his craft that he can use his analyses of brief interactions to predict relationship success with 94% accuracy?

A) Albert Bandura
B) John Gottman
C) Martin Seligman
D) Daniel Goleman

Question 50

Which positive psychological construct is defined as the "reciprocal knowing process involving the nonstop, interrelated thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of persons in a relationship?"

A) Engagement
B) Self-efficacy
C) Minding
D) Attachment

Question 51

Who developed the triangular theory of love?

A) Mary Main
B) Robert Sternberg
C) Martin Seligman
D) Daniel Goleman

Question 52

According to Arthur and Elaine Aron, what do emotions, cognitions, and behaviors of love fuel?

A) Self-control
B) Self-esteem
C) Self-love
D) Self-expansion

Question 53

Which component of the minding model requires planning and strategizing to become closer as the relationship matures?

A) Accepting and respecting
B) Knowing and being known
C) Maintaining reciprocity
D) Continuity in minding

Question 54

Which of the following statements is true?

A) "Friendship and comfort love" is a key component of romantic love identified by US participants.
B) "Friendship and comfort love" is a key component of romantic love identified by Russian participants.
C) "Friendship and comfort love" is a key component of romantic love identified by Asian participants.
D) "Friendship and comfort love" is a key component of romantic love identified in individualistic cultures but not collectivist cultures.

Question 55

Which of the following is true about research into the characteristics of love from a multicultural perspective?

A) Sternberg's triangular theory of love appears to apply across most ethnic groups.
B) Sternberg's triangular theory of love appears to apply in young - adult, mail same - sex couples.
C) Sternberg's triangular theory of love applies to Western cultures but not Eastern cultures.
D) Sternberg's triangular theory of love has not been researched in any of the above areas.

Question 56

How many forms of love can the various combinations of passion, intimacy, and commitment yield?

A) 6
B) 8
C) 10
D) 12

Question 57

What do Susan and Clyde Hendrick believe is central to a life well-lived?

A) Love for a pet
B) Love for a companion
C) Agape love
D) Self love

Question 58

According to Arthur and Elaine Aron the natural byproduct of expansive love is

A) consummate love.
B) compassionate love.
C) limerance.
D) relationship satisfaction.

Question 59

Romantic love is a complex emotion that is the result of which two components?

A) Intimate and Romantic
B) Passionate and Intimate
C) Romantic and Companionate
D) Passionate and Companionate

Question 60

How is agape love defined in Chapter 12?

A) As the kind of love parents teach and model.
B) As the bestowal of love by the divine.
C) As the ability to meet other peoples needs.
D) As the complete freedom to accept love from others.

Question 61

Improvement in interpersonal relations is contingent upon the quality of partner's response to their loved one's good news. What type of response is found to be the most beneficial?

A) Active/Constructive
B) Passive/Aggressive
C) Passive/Constructive
D) Active/Assertive

Question 62

The elimination of negative relationship behaviors is to the promoting of positive relationship behaviors as __________ is to _________________.

A) stonewalling; compassionate love
B) negative sentiment override; capitalizing
C) selfish processes; empathic processes
D) aversive processes; competitive processes

Question 63

John Harvey has developed a five - component model of minding relationships. Discuss three of the steps, and give a real-life example of each .

Question 64

Discuss the classification systems for adult attachment style according to either a) Main and Goldwyn, or b) Hazen and Shaver.

Question 65

What question did Gable, Reis, Impett, and Asher ask in order to address the appetitive relationship process?

A) What do you do when things go right?
B) What do you do when things go wrong?
C) What do you do when you and your partner have an argument?
D) What do you do when you can't agree?

Question 66

What physiological benefits may result from the experience of being in love?

A) Lower heart rate and blood pressure
B) Better cognitive processing
C) Better responses to negative emotions
D) All of the above are benefits

Question 67

What is the "magic ratio" of positive: negative events for successful marriages according to John Gottman?

A) 5:1
B) 3:3
C) 2:4
D) 10:1

Question 68

Which theory states that criticism, contempt, defensiveness, and stonewalling serve to undermine relationships?

A) The Sound Marital House theory
B) The Marital Attachment theory
C) The Family Systems theory
D) The Marital-Relationship theory

Question 69

The behavior of capitalizing on positive events includes

A) sharing secret, intimate details with a lover.
B) building on a partner's positive behaviors.
C) telling trusted family and friends about daily good stuff.
D) all of the above are included in the process of capitalizing.

Question 70

What motivates us to engage in purposeful positive relationship behaviors?

A) Love
B) Hope
C) Optimism
D) Mindfulness

Question 71

How does Dr. Gottman, the "doctor of love" assess whether or not marriages will last?

A) Videotaping and interviews
B) Physiological readings and interviews
C) Videotaping and physiological readings
D) Interviews and self assessments

Question 72

What region of the right cortex is influenced by interactions between the child and the caregiver?

A) The orbitofrontal cortex
B) The medial prefrontal cortex
C) The lateral cortex
D) The neo cortex

Question 73

Discuss the procedure used in the "Strange Situation" assessment, and indicate the child's response at each stage.

Question 74

Taylor et al. hypothesized that a nurturing relationship between a child and a caregiver promotes the development of what type of activity?

A) Regulatory activity
B) Inhibitory activity
C) Excitatory activity
D) Hyperactivity

Question 75

Mary Ainsworth used the "Strange Situation" procedure to render one of the following assessments of quality of attachment: secure, insecure-avoidant, and insecure-resistant/ambivalent. Discuss the different types of attachment assessed by the "Strange Situation" and whether you think attachment patterns are stable from childhood to adulthood. Are there other forms of attachment that were not described by Aisnworth?

Question 76

what do the authors recommend for dealing with people who attempt to undermine your excitement by pointing out the downside of a positive event?

A) Change the subject
B) Point out a similar situation in the past that was similar
C) Request that they be more supportive
D) Avoid telling them the good news

Question 77

When someone is hypervigilant about putdowns by his or her partner, the tendency is referred to as

A) limerance.
B) stonewalling.
C) negative sentiment override.
D) the fundamental attribution error.

Question 78

Robert Sternberg found that there are at least 26 "love stories." These "love stories" are largely unconscious views of romance and relationships that guide our interpersonal choice. Describe and label (e.g. a fantasy story, a horror story) your love story. How has the story developed throughout your life?

Question 79

With regard to the neural links to long - term romantic love, parts of the brain that were rich in the neurotransmitter _______________ were found to be activated.

A) acetylcholine
B) serotonin
C) dopamine
D) ndorphins

Question 80

Explain the components of Sternberg's triangular theory of love, and indicate which combinations result in romantic love, consummate love, and companionate love. In addition, outline the characteristics of romantic love, consummate love, and companionate love.