Deck 1: Exploring Race and Ethnicity

Question 1

Members of a minority or subordinate group generally marry within their group because ________.

A) members of the dominant group are often unwilling to marry them
B) they have a weak sense of group solidarity
C) it is illegal for subordinate group members to marry any of the dominant group members
D) subordinate group members who marry outsiders are considered as outcasts by their group

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Members of a minority or subordinate group generally tend to ________.

A) marry outside their group
B) become a part of the group voluntarily and experience unequal treatment
C) be political equals of the majority group
D) share physical or cultural characteristics that differ from the majority group

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Rhea claims that the concept of race is socially constructed and does not actually contribute to the economic and social success that one attains. Which of the following statements supports her claim?

A) All research shows that the alleged differences between group averages are much greater than the differences within a group.
B) It is not possible to generalize about absolute differences between groups in terms of intelligence because intermarriages have made such generalizations difficult.
C) Similar to the fact that people differ in temperament, potential to learn, and sense of humor, among other characteristics, people who differ physically also bear distinctive emotional and mental abilities or disabilities.
D) The existence of races is simultaneously functional and dysfunctional to a society.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is true of races?

A) They are determined by blood type.
B) They can be pure and distinct when certain characteristics are considered.
C) They are groupings based on scientific evidences.
D) They are socially constructed.

Question 5

Emma claims that racial discrimination is beneficial to some groups in a society. Her friend, James, argues that racial behaviors are dysfunctional to all the people of a society. Whose argument is correct and why? Examine the following options and select the correct response.

A) Emma is correct because racial discriminations facilitate the use of resources by all people in a society.
B) Emma is correct because racial beliefs encourage subordinate people to question their lowly status in society.
C) James is correct because discrimination aggravates social problems such as poverty, delinquency, and crime.
D) James is correct because racial beliefs encourage social change that benefits subordinate groups.

Question 6

Robert is a non-Hispanic White American. He is heterosexual, has good educational qualifications, and is a Roman Catholic. Robert also belongs to a minority group. Which of the following is a reason for his minority-group status?

A) race
B) sexual orientation
C) gender
D) religious affiliation

Question 7

Which of the following terms refers to a group that is set apart from others primarily because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns?

A) privileged group
B) ethnic group
C) racial group
D) formal group

Question 8

When belief in the inheritance of behavior patterns and in an association between physical and cultural traits is coupled with the feeling that certain groups are inherently superior to others, it is called ________.

A) racism
B) marginality
C) pluralism
D) racial formation

Question 9

Which of the following is a function that racial beliefs have for dominant groups?

A) They encourage social changes that assist subordinate groups.
B) They free dominant groups from the burden of reducing social problems such as poverty, delinquency, and crime.
C) They help dominant groups extend the search for talent and leadership to all groups of a society.
D) They justify existing practices and serve as a rallying point for social movements.

Question 10

The status of being between two cultures at the same time is called ________.

A) panethnicity
B) exigency
C) marginality
D) amalgamation

Question 11

Neema belongs to a foreign country and has been living in the United States for several years. Despite having adopted the dominant culture, she feels that she is not being completely accepted into the American society. Which of the following terms best describes Neema?

A) marginalized individual
B) Afrocentric individual
C) member of a dominant group
D) racist

Question 12

Studies by researchers Herrnstein and Murray on IQ showed that ________.

A) a larger part of IQ is inheritable
B) welfare should be raised to encourage births among low-IQ poor women
C) Blacks are inherently more intelligent than Whites
D) racial groups cannot be used as a means to generalize about any differences in intelligence

Question 13

The country of Izwe consists of various minorities belonging to many racial and ethnic groups. These groups joined together to rebel against the continued suppression of minorities by the dominant groups in Izwe. Due to their collective effort, the minorities were able to reduce the level of discrimination against them. The minorities were able to achieve this result due to the emergence of ________ among them.

A) panethnicity
B) stratification
C) segmented assimilation
D) ethnic cleansing

Question 14

Sociologists consider Jewish Americans as an ethnic group rather than as members of a religious faith because ________.

A) their culture is yet to be studied in theology
B) culture is an important defining trait for them
C) of the exercise of segregation in U.S. cities
D) they do not have any unique physical features that distinguish them from other groups

Question 15

Women differ from other minority groups in that ________.

A) there is little in-group marriage among women
B) there is no sense of solidarity between women
C) they are the only minority group that is treated equal to the dominant group
D) they voluntarily become members of a subordinate group

Question 16

People in the country of Azuri are grouped and ranked according to their income levels. This establishes a system of hierarchy in which groups are allocated resources based on their ranking. Due to this, wealth and power accumulates in the hands of few groups, while others are often deprived of basic necessities. This system followed in Azuri is an example of ________.

A) amalgamation
B) stratification
C) pluralism
D) marginality

Question 17

Ethnicity, a criterion for classifying minority groups, refers to ________.

A) racial differences
B) differences in physical and mental characteristics
C) cultural differences
D) genetic variations

Question 18

Which of the following terms refers to minorities and the corresponding majorities that are socially set apart because of obvious physical differences?

A) melting pot
B) ethnic group
C) racial group
D) segmented assimilation

Question 19

Research shows that differences in intelligence scores between Blacks and Whites are almost eliminated when ________.

A) they take the exam in a familiar environment
B) adjustments are made for social and economic characteristics
C) spelling and grammar are not counted for
D) Blacks are given more time than Whites to complete the test

Question 20

Racial formation refers to ________.

A) the biological merging of two races
B) the inheritance of behavior patterns corresponding to one's physical and cultural traits
C) a sociohistorical process by which racial categories are created and manipulated
D) the defining of new racial categories by the media

Question 21

Extermination differs from expulsion in that extermination is ________.

A) more violent as it uses killing and violence as a means to remove subordinate groups from an area
B) more beneficial in that it results in the domination of an exterminated group in another country
C) less dangerous as it focuses on segregation of subordinate people in residence, workplace, social functions, and so on
D) a less extreme way to deal with minorities

Question 22

Derek believes that all immigrants belong to underdeveloped countries and migrate to his country in search of jobs and better standards of living. He believes that such people are suitable for physically demanding jobs and not for intellectually demanding jobs. Derek's opinions about immigrants are an example of ________.

A) stereotypes
B) pluralities
C) marginalities
D) ethnophaulisms

Question 23

The dominant group in the country of Tilipo believes that its members are the original natives of the country. They force the minority groups to leave the country and introduce several laws that severely punish minorities who refuse to leave. As a result, most of the minorities in Tilipo fled to neighboring countries. Which of the following terms best describes the dominant group's actions?

A) fusion
B) blaming the victim
C) ethnic cleansing
D) marginality

Question 24

Opponents of the Afrocentric perspective argue that it ________.

A) does not allow for a separatist view on history
B) emphasizes too much on European values and culture
C) promotes the idea of a human melting pot
D) distorts both past and present

Question 25

The ethnic and racial groups in the country of Azuria live in harmony with each other. The people of this country understand and respect the culture and practices of other groups. This attitude of the people of Azuria shows that the society favors ________.

A) fusion
B) assimilation
C) amalgamation
D) pluralism

Question 26

Tsodirins, the minority group in the country of Renada, faced hardship and subordination because of the dominant group in that country. Unable to fight the dominant group, they began to migrate to a nearby country that mostly had people belonging to their ethnicity. This resulted in Tsodirins becoming a majority group. In this case, the Tsodirins changed from a minority group to a majority group through ________.

A) pluralism
B) secession
C) fusion
D) assimilation

Question 27

Which of the following is a difference between the functionalist perspective and the conflict perspective?

A) The functionalist perspective emphasizes the stability of a society, while the conflict perspective emphasizes the tension between competing groups.
B) The functionalist perspective explains the physical violence between groups competing for their share of resources, while the conflict perspective explains how immigration restrictions and real estate practices result in competition between groups.
C) The functionalist perspective is more appropriate today in the study of race and ethnicity, while the conflict perspective best helps to understand the behaviors that are passed on from one generation to the next.
D) The functionalist perspective focuses on the difficulties of the subordinate groups, while the conflict perspective focuses on the benefits of racial discrimination to dominant groups.

Question 28

Which of the following is a similarity between fusion and amalgamation?

A) Both conform to the concept of a human melting pot.
B) Both involve the mixing of people from different ethnic or racial backgrounds.
C) Both encourage the harmonious coexistence of different cultural groups.
D) Both result in the coexistence of various cultural groups.

Question 29

Which of the following terms refers to the process in which diverse racial or ethnic groups form a new creation, a new cultural entity?

A) apartheid
B) panethnicity
C) stratification
D) melting pot

Question 30

Which of the following ideas is emphasized by the conflict perspective?

A) Societies should focus on blaming the racial and ethnic minorities for their problems.
B) An aspect of social life that does not contribute to a society's stability or survival will not be passed on from one generation to the next.
C) Social change and redistribution of resources should be avoided to maintain stability in a society.
D) Competition takes place between groups with unequal amounts of economic and political power.

Question 31

Which of the following terms refers to the physical separation of two groups of people in terms of residence, workplace, and social functions?

A) ethnic cleansing
B) amalgamation
C) marginality
D) segregation

Question 32

The phrase "blaming the victim" refers to the ________.

A) victimization of dominant groups for not being able to help subordinate groups
B) portrayal of subordinate groups as being responsible for the problems faced by them
C) process of creating laws that continue to subordinate minorities
D) conflict between the dominant and subordinate groups

Question 33

The maintenance of political, social, economic, and cultural domination over people by a foreign power for an extended period of time is known as ________.

A) fascism
B) pluralism
C) communism
D) colonialism

Question 34

In the self-fulfilling prophecy, an individual ________.

A) has beliefs about a situation that are irrelevant to his or her behavior
B) makes a correct definition of the situation and thereby creates conditions in which the definition is realized
C) characterized as having a particular trait begins to display that trait
D) tries to break the stereotypes attached to a subordinate group

Question 35

Molly is a conflict theorist studying different aspects of societies. She is most likely to argue that ________.

A) only the aspects of a society that are beneficial will be passed from one generation to the next
B) a society can be viewed as constituting many parts, each of which helps to maintain its stability
C) societies are in a struggle between the privileged and the exploited groups
D) underprivileged people are solely responsible for their plight in a society

Question 36

The process by which a dominant group and a subordinate group combine through intermarriage into a new people is called ________.

A) resegregation
B) amalgamation
C) assimilation
D) ethnic cleansing

Question 37

The world systems theory addresses the conflict between ________.

A) nations that control wealth and nations who provide natural resources and labor
B) subordinate and dominant groups
C) the various theoretical perspectives on racial beliefs
D) countries that allow pluralism and countries that oppose mixing of cultures and religion

Question 38

________ is the process by which a subordinate individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant group and is eventually accepted as part of that group.

A) Amalgamation
B) Pluralism
C) Assimilation
D) Genocide

Question 39

_________ is the consequence of subordinate-group status represented by the equation A + B + C $\rightarrow$

A) Pluralism
B) Amalgamation
C) Assimilation
D) Segregation

Question 40

Based on the spectrum of intergroup relations, which of the following is the most acceptable type of relationship for racial and ethnic minorities?

A) secession
B) partitioning
C) fusion
D) extermination

Question 41

Explain the dilemma of being both African American and female in a society where both are subordinate statuses.

Question 42

What are intelligence tests and what are their criticisms?

Question 43

According to the functionalist perspective, what dysfunctions to society are caused by prejudice and discrimination?

Question 44

Explain how race, ethnicity, religion, and gender constitute the basis for minority group status. What are other factors that are used to subordinate groups of people?

Question 45

How does colonization benefit the colonizing nation?

Question 46

What is assimilation? Why is it considered to be difficult?

Question 47

Delineate and give examples of the five characteristics of a minority or subordinate group.

Question 48

How have subordinate groups challenged subordination?

Question 49

Why is race considered to be important in a society though it does not differentiate between humans biologically?

Question 50

Why is it becoming difficult for people in the United States to place themselves on racial and ethnic landscapes? How does this relate to the concept of marginality?