Deck 19: Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Question 1

Clinical AIDS is diagnosed when

A) A patient has lymphadenopathy.
B) The patient has antibodies against HIV.
C) HIV is found in a patient by Western blotting.
D) The patient has persistent diarrhea.
E) The CD4 T- cell count is <200/mm3.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of the following is the body's response to tumor- specific antigen?

A) Immunologic enhancement
B) Immunologic surveillance
C) Immunotherapy
D) Immunosuppression

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Allergic contact dermatitis is due to

A) Sensitized T cells.
B) IgM antibodies.
C) IgE antibodies.
D) IgG antibodies.
E) All of the above.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

MMR vaccine contains hydrolyzed gelatin. A person receiving this vaccine could develop an anaphylactic reaction if the person has

A) Antibodies against gelatin.
B) An immunodeficiency.
C) Received the influenza vaccine.
D) Antibodies against eggs.
E) None of the above.

Question 5

Cancer cells may escape the immune system because

A) Antibodies are not formed against cancer cells.
B) Killer T cells react with tumor- specific antigens.
C) Tumor cells shed their specific antigens.
D) They are recognized as "self."
E) None of the above.

Question 6

Which of the following results in increased susceptibility to infection?

A) Immunologic enhancement
B) Immunologic surveillance
C) Immunotherapy
D) Immunosuppression

Question 7

Which of the following describes a cytotoxic autoimmune reaction?

A) Mediate by T cells.
B) Cells are killed.
C) Immune complexes form.
D) Antibodies are not made.
E) Antibodies react to cell- surface antigens.

Question 8

Which of the following is not considered a type I hypersensitivity?

A) Pollen allergies
B) Transplant rejections
C) Asthma
D) Dust allergies
E) Penicillin allergic reactions

Question 9

Treatment with certain drugs to reduce transplant rejection can cause

A) Immunologic enhancement.
B) Immunologic surveillance.
C) Immunotherapy.
D) Immunosuppression.

Question 10

Which one of the following statements about HIV is not true?

A) HIV can be transmitted by cell- to- cell contact.
B) The T- cell response triggers viral multiplication.
C) Bone marrow can be a reservoir for future infection.
D) HIV infection directly causes death.
E) Viral infection of TH cells results in signs elsewhere in the patient.

Question 11

Which of the following is not an immune complex disease?

A) Glomerulonephritis
B) Rheumatic fever
C) Systemic lupus erythematosus
D) Hemolytic disease of the newborn
E) None of the above

Question 12

Hemolytic disease of the newborn can result from

A) An Rh+ mother with an Rh- fetus.
B) An Rh- mother with an Rh+ fetus.
C) An AB mother with an O fetus.
D) An AB mother with a B fetus.
E) None of the above.

Question 13

Which type of transplant is least compatible?

A) Autograft
B) Xenotransplant
C) Isograft
D) Allograft
E) None of the above

Question 14

All of the following statements about type IV hypersensitivities are true except

A) The symptoms occur within a few days after exposure to an antigen.
B) They can be passively transferred with serum.
C) They contribute to the symptoms of certain diseases.
D) The symptoms are due to lymphokines.
E) They are cell mediated.

Question 15

Someone with AIDS probably

A) Makes T- dependent antibodies.
B) Makes T- independent antibodies.
C) Makes TC- and TD- dependent antibodies.
D) Does not make any antibodies.
E) None of the above.

Question 16

The following events occur if human cells expressing HLA- I are mixed with anti- HLA- I, complement, and trypan blue. What step indicates the cells are HLA- I?

A) Trypan blue enters the cells.
B) Complement is fixed.
C) The MAC makes a pore in the plasma membrane.
D) Antibody binds to the cells.
E) None of the above, the T cells are missing.

Question 17

Which antibodies will be in the serum of a person with blood type B, Rh- ?

A) Anti B, anti Rh
B) Anti A
C) Anti A, anti Rh
D) Anti B
E) Anti A, anti B, anti Rh

Question 18

The symptoms of an immune complex reaction are due to

A) Phagocytosis.
B) Antibodies against self.
C) Complement fixation.
D) Destruction of the antigen.
E) None of the above.

Question 19

HIV is transmitted by all of the following except

A) Mosquitoes.
B) Heterosexual activity.
C) Homosexual activity.
D) Human milk.
E) Hypodermic needles.

Question 20

Drugs, such as AZT and ddC, currently used to treat AIDS act by

A) Stopping DNA synthesis.
B) Stimulatory TH cells.
C) Neutralizing the virus.
D) Promoting antibody formation.
E) All of the above.

Question 21

Which of these causes of glomerulonephritis leads to all the others?

A) Complement fixation
B) Production of IgG
C) Circulating immune complexes
D) Formation of immune complexes
E) Antibodies against Streptococcus

Question 22

Transfusion reactions are an example of

A) Type I hypersensitivity.
B) Type II hypersensitivity.
C) Type III hypersensitivity.
D) Type IV hypersensitivity.
E) All of the above

Question 23

Which of the following may result from systemic anaphylaxis?

A) Hay fever
B) Hives
C) Asthma
D) Shock
E) None of the above

Question 24

Worldwide, the primary method of transmission of HIV is

A) Heterosexual intercourse
B) Blood transfusions
C) Homosexual intercourse
D) Nosocomial
E) Intravenous drug use

Question 25

Hay fever is an example of

A) Type I hypersensitivity.
B) Type II hypersensitivity.
C) Type III hypersensitivity.
D) Type IV hypersensitivity.
E) All of the above

Question 26

Which of the following is the least likely vaccine against HIV?

A) Subunit
B) Glycoprotein
C) Protein core
D) Attenuated virus
E) None of the above

Question 27

All of the following statements about type I hypersensitivities are true except

A) They involve IgE antibodies.
B) Antibodies are bound to host cells.
C) The symptoms are due to histamine.
D) The symptoms occur soon after exposure to an antigen.
E) They are cell mediated.

Question 28

Autoimmunity is due to

A) IgE antibodies.
B) IgG and IgM antibodies.
C) IgA antibodies.
D) IgD antibodies.
E) All of the above.

Question 29

Cancer cells avoid the immune system by

A) Immunologic enhancement.
B) Immunologic surveillance.
C) Immunotherapy.
D) Immunosuppression.

Question 30

Immune deficiencies are caused by all of the following. Which one does not cause an acquired immune deficiency?

A) Rapamycin to inhibit IL- 2 action
B) Chromosomal- linked B- cell deficiency
C) HIV infection
D) Cyclosporine to inhibit IL- 2 secretion
E) None of the above

Question 31

Which of the following involves a monoclonal anti- tumor antibody and a toxin?

A) Immunologic enhancement
B) Immunologic surveillance
C) Immunotherapy
D) Immunosuppression

Question 32

Immunotoxins can be used to treat cancer because they

A) Fix complement.
B) Agglutinate cells.
C) Phagocytize foreign cells.
D) Poison cells.
E) None of the above.

Question 33

The outcome of an HIV infection could be all of the following except

A) TC- killing of infected cells.
B) Latency.
C) Viral- killing of infected cells.
D) Slow production of new viruses.
E) None of the above.

Question 34

Which of the following may be inherited or result from HIV infection?

A) Immunologic enhancement
B) Immunologic surveillance
C) Immunotherapy
D) Immunosuppression

Question 35

Which of the following is not used to determine relatedness between a donor and a recipient for transplants?

A) ABO antigens
B) MHC antigens
C) ABO antibodies
D) MHC antibodies
E) None of the above

Question 36

Antibodies against HIV are ineffective for all of the following reasons except

A) Virus particles staying in vesicles.
B) Antibodies aren't made against HIV.
C) Latency.
D) Transmission by cell- to- cell fusion.
E) Antigenic change.

Question 37

A hypersensitivity reaction occurs

A) In individuals with diseases of the immune system.
B) During autoimmune diseases.
C) On a second or subsequent exposure to an antigen.
D) In immunologically tolerant individuals.
E) During the first exposure to an antigen.

Question 38

Transplant rejection is an example of

A) Type I hypersensitivity.
B) Type II hypersensitivity.
C) Type III hypersensitivity.
D) Type IV hypersensitivity.
E) All of the above

Question 39

In rheumatoid arthritis, IgM, IgG, and complement deposit in joints. This is an example of

A) Immunosuppression.
B) Cytotoxic autoimmunity.
C) Acquired immunodeficiency.
D) Immune complex autoimmunity.
E) Cell- mediated autoimmunity.

Question 40

The chemical mediators of anaphylaxis are

A) Antigens.
B) The proteins of the complement system.
C) Antigen- antibody complexes.
D) Found in basophils and mast cells.
E) Antibodies.

Question 41

Hypersensitivity is due to

A) Immunity.
B) Allergies.
C) An altered immune response.
D) The presence of antibodies.
E) The presence of an antigen.

Question 42

Which of these causes damage to kidney cells in glomerulonephritis?

A) Production of IgG
B) Complement fixation
C) Antibodies against Streptococcus
D) Formation of immune complexes
E) Circulating immune complexes

Question 43

Graft- versus- host disease will most likely be a complication of

A) A bone marrow transplant.
B) An Rh incompatibility between mother and fetus.
C) A skin graft.
D) A blood transfusion.
E) All of the above.

Question 44

Reaction of antigen with IgE antibodies attached to mast cells causes

A) Complement fixation.
B) Agglutination.
C) Release of chemical mediators.
D) Lysis of the cells.
E) None of the above.