Deck 16: Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Question 1

Neutrophils with defective lysosomes are unable to

A) Live.
B) Migrate.
C) Produce toxic oxygen products.
D) Move by chemotaxis.
E) None of the above.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Bacteria have siderophores that capture iron; humans counter this by

A) Transferrins.
B) Toxin production.
C) Iron- degrading enzymes.
D) Producing iron.
E) None of the above.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following is not an effect of complement activation?

A) Opsonization
B) Increased phagocytic activity
C) Interference with viral replication
D) Increased blood vessel permeability
E) Bacterial cell lysis

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following does not cause vasodilation?

A) Kinins
B) Lysozymes
C) Prostaglandins
D) Histamine
E) None of the above

Question 5

The mechanism of action of interferon includes all of the following except

A) It works in cells not producing INF.
B) It initiates manufacture of another antiviral protein.
C) It binds to the surface of uninfected cells.
D) It inactivates viruses.
E) None of the above.

Question 6

Which of the following is involved in adaptive immunity?

A) Lymphocyte
B) Monocyte
C) Neutrophil
D) Eosinophil
E) Basophil

Question 7

After ingesting a pathogen, lysosomal enzymes produce all of the following except

A) O₂- .
B) Complement.
C) HOCl.
D) H₂O₂.
E) OH·.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a chemical factor to protect the skin and mucous membranes from infection?

A) Mucus
B) pH
C) Sebum
D) Gastric juices
E) Lysozyme

Question 9

All of the following occur during inflammation. What is the first step?

A) Vasodilation
B) Phagocyte migration
C) Repair
D) Diapedesis
E) Margination

Question 10

All of the following can be determined from a differential count except

A) The numbers of each type of white blood cell.
B) The number of white blood cells.
C) The number of red blood cells.
D) The possibility of a state of disease.
E) None of the above.

Question 11

Macrophages arise from which of the following?

A) Neutrophil
B) Monocyte
C) Basophil
D) Eosinophil
E) Lymphocyte

Question 12

Which of the following is not true of fixed macrophages?

A) They develop from neutrophils.
B) They are found in certain tissues and organs.
C) They are mature monocytes.
D) They are cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system.
E) None of the above.

Question 13

The classical pathway for complement activation is initiated by

A) Antigen- antibody reactions.
B) Factors released from damaged tissues.
C) Polysaccharides and C₃b.
D) C₅- C9.
E) Factors released from phagocytes.

Question 14

The complement protein cascade is the same for the classical pathway, alternative pathway, and lectin pathway beginning with the activation of

A) C1
B) C2
C) C3
D) C5
E) C6

Question 15

Chlamydia trachomatis can live inside white blood cells because it

A) Prevents complement activation.
B) Inhibits phagocytosis.
C) Inhibits formation of phagolysosomes.
D) Produces keratinase.
E) Produces complement.

Question 16

Which of the following is involved in resistance to parasitic helminths?

A) Lymphocyte
B) Neutrophil
C) Eosinophil
D) Basophil
E) Monocyte

Question 17

Which of the following is not a function of inflammation?

A) To wall off an injurious agent
B) To remove an injurious agent
C) To repair damaged tissue
D) To destroy an injurious agent
E) None of the above

Question 18

Which of the following is not a physical factor to protect the skin and mucous membranes from infection?

A) Lysozyme
B) Saliva
C) Tears
D) Layers of cells
E) None of the above

Question 19

Which of the following choices shows the order in which white blood cells migrate to infected tissues?

A) Lymphocytes - macrophages
B) Neutrophils - macrophages
C) Macrophages - neutrophils
D) Macrophages - monocytes
E) Neutrophils - monocytes

Question 20

Which of the following is not a characteristic of inflammation?

A) Swelling
B) Pain
C) Fever
D) Redness
E) Local heat

Question 21

Activation of C₃a results in all of the following except

A) Increased blood vessel permeability.
B) Attraction of phagocytes.
C) Fever.
D) Acute inflammation.
E) None of the above.

Question 22

Which of the following does not provide protection from phagocytic digestion?

A) Lysing phagolysosomes
B) Killing white blood cells
C) Ability to grow at a low pH
D) Preventing formation of phagolysosomes
E) None of the above

Question 23

Which of the following is not true about the classical pathway of complement activation?

A) C₃ is not involved in the classical pathway.
B) C₁ is the first protein activated in the classical pathway.
C) Cleaved fragments of some of the proteins act to increase inflammation.
D) C₃b causes opsonization.
E) The C₁ protein complex is initiated by antigen- antibody complexes.

Question 24

Adherence of phagocytes may be accomplished by all of the following except

A) Trapping a bacterium against a rough surface.
B) Lysozyme.
C) Opsonization.
D) Chemotaxis.
E) Complement.

Question 25

Vasodilation is caused by all of the following except

A) Prostaglandins.
B) Leukotrienes.
C) Histamine.
D) Complement.
E) None of the above.

Question 26

Which one of the following is not an effect of fever?

A) Kills pathogens.
B) Increases production of T cells.
C) Increases transferrin production.
D) Increases interferon activity.
E) All are effects of fever.

Question 27

Bacterial enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase can protect bacteria from

A) Phagocytosis.
B) Phagocytic digestion.
C) Interferon.
D) Histamine.
E) Complement.

Question 28

Which one of the following does not belong with the others?

A) Dendritic cell
B) Basophil
C) Eosinophil
D) Natural Killer cell
E) Neutrophil

Question 29

Which of the following is an effect of opsonization?

A) Increased margination of phagocytes
B) Increased diapedesis of phagocytes
C) Increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms
D) Inflammation
E) None of the above

Question 30

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Gamma- interferon causes cell lysis.
B) Alpha- interferon acts against specific viruses.
C) Beta- interferon attacks invading viruses.
D) Alpha- interferon is an antiviral protein.
E) Alpha- interferon promotes phagocytosis.

Question 31

Defensive cells such as T cells identify pathogens by binding:

A) Lectins.
B) Toll- like receptors.
C) Lysozyme.
D) Complement.
E) Cytokines.

Question 32

Chill is a sign that

A) Body temperature is rising.
B) Body temperature will remain the same.
C) Body temperature is falling.
D) Sweating will follow.
E) None of the above.

Question 33

Which of the following exhibits the highest phagocytic activity?

A) Erythrocytes
B) Basophils
C) Neutrophils
D) Eosinophils
E) Lymphocytes

Question 34

Which of the following statements is true?

A) There are at least twenty complement proteins.
B) Factors B and D are complement proteins.
C) All of the complement proteins are activated in serum.
D) Complement increases after immunization.
E) Complement activity is antigen specific.

Question 35

Which of the following is found normally in serum?

A) Interferon
B) Leukocytosis- promoting factor
C) Histamine
D) TLRs
E) Complement

Question 36

Innate immunity is

A) The body's defense against a particular pathogen.
B) The body's ability to ward off diseases.
C) The body's defenses against any kind of pathogen.
D) The lack of resistance.
E) None of the above.

Question 37

Which of the following is not an effect of histamine?

A) Fever
B) Vasodilation
C) Pain
D) Redness
E) Swelling

Question 38

Complement fixation results in all of the following except

A) Activation of C₃b.
B) Opsonization.
C) Acute local inflammation.
D) Immune adherence.
E) Cell lysis.

Question 39

"Margination" refers to

A) Adherence of phagocytes to the lining of blood vessels.
B) The chemotactic response of phagocytes.
C) Dilation of blood vessels.
D) The adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms.
E) The movement of phagocytes through walls of blood vessels.

Question 40

Normal microbiota provide protection from infection by all of the following except

A) They make the chemical environment unsuitable for nonresident bacteria.
B) They out- compete newcomers.
C) They provide antibacterial chemicals.
D) They produce lysozyme.
E) None of the above.

Question 41

The lectin pathway for complement action is initiated by

A) Lectins of the parasite.
B) Mannose on host membranes.
C) Gram- negative cell walls.
D) Mannose on the parasite.
E) None of the above.

Question 42

The function of the "ciliary escalator" is to

A) Kill microorganisms.
B) Remove microorganisms from body cavities.
C) Remove microorganisms from the upper respiratory tract.
D) Remove microorganisms from the lower respiratory tract.
E) All of the above.