Deck 8: Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Question 1

What is the population in Canada likely to experience soon?

A) government institution of a population control policy
B) resource depletion and decreased quality of life
C) more senior citizens
D) exponential population growth
E) more single males

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The transitional stage in the demographic transition model is initiated by

A) the increased use of contraceptives
B) epidemics
C) industrialization
D) government intervention
E) resource depletion

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following factors drives TFR down?

A) history and tradition
B) social and economic security
C) poverty
D) rural lifestyle
E) high infant mortality

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which area on the map is experiencing the highest population growth rate?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 5

At what stage is the U.S. in the demographic transition model?

A) the postindustrial stage
B) the stability transition stage
C) the transitional stage
D) the preindustrial stage
E) the industrial stage

Question 6

Which area on the map has the highest population density?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 7

The annual global growth rate of the human population peaked at 2.1% in the been declining ever since.

A) early 1900s
B) 1950s
C) 1960s
D) 1990s
E) year 2000

Question 8

The age structure diagram of Canada suggests that its total fertility rate (TFR) is .

A) zero
B) less than replacement rate
C) over 5.0
D) now rising but has been recently declining
E) steadily rising

Question 9

is the world's most populous nation, home to
Of the people living on Earth.

A) India; one -third
B) The United States; half
C) The United States; one -fifth
D) China; one -fifth
E) China; half

Question 10

Which area on the map is experiencing a negative population growth rate?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 11

The United Nations currently predicts that Earth will be home to almost the year 2050. billion people by

A) 11
B) 10
C) 9
D) 7
E) 5

Question 12

The richest one -fifth of the world's population possesses approximately .
Times the income
Of the poorest one -fifth, and the richest one -fifth uses over 86% of the world's resources.

A) 10
B) 20
C) 40
D) 60
E) 80

Question 13

Declining population growth rates in developing countries can be partially attributed to .

A) valuing the birth of a son
B) reproducing beyond replacement fertility
C) the education of women
D) economic disasters
E) illness in infants

Question 14

Demographically speaking, the effects of AIDS are most significant because _ .

A) it is caused by a virus
B) AIDS sickens and kills the youngest and most productive members of society
C) AIDS strikes affluent people more than poor people
D) AIDS leaves behind orphans
E) it is not known who is resistant to AIDS

Question 15

If a population roughly doubles in the course of 50 years, its growth rate would be close to %.

A) 1.4
B) 5
C) 10
D) 20
E) 25

Question 16

If there is , a country's population growth rate will increase.

A) increased emigration
B) increased industrialization
C) increased immigration
D) decreased immigration
E) increased urbanization

Question 17

The term demographic transition refers to _.

A) a requirement for a population to reach a specific size before it becomes stable
B) the slowing down in the growth of a population as it approaches it biocapacity
C) the decline in death rates and subsequent decline in birth rates that occur as a country economically develops
D) the slowing down in the growth of a population as it approaches the carrying capacity
E) the decline in death rates followed by a decline in birth rates that occurred because sanitation levels in areas improved

Question 18

Zero population growth occurs in a population when .

A) birth rate equals death rate, and there is no migration
B) the carrying capacity is larger than the ecological footprint
C) total fertility rate exceeds the average replacement rate
D) people have as many children as they can in the first five years of marriage
E) the ecological footprints are larger than the carrying capacity

Question 19

Which area on the map has the highest infant mortality rate?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 20

Which statement most accurately describes the population control efforts in China? and has

A) A one -child policy enforced through taxation and penalties may have been too successful in controlling population growth.
B) Changing public attitudes about family size through communication, education, counseling, and contraceptives have reduced the population growth rates.
C) Increasing child survival, elevated status and employment levels for women, and increased literacy in the general population has decreased fertility rates.
D) There is minimal governmental financial support for birth control for all couples.
E) A one -child policy that requires all women to work and guarantees education for all has decreased fertility rates.

Question 21

Thomas Malthus warned that .

A) abstinence will bring ruin to all
B) the IPAT equation should not be applied to developing countries, because the assumptions for the equation do not hold true for those countries
C) sharing a common resource will cause people to have more children in order to exploit the resource
D) agricultural advancements are likely to harm grassland ecosystems
E) overpopulation could greatly harm humanity

Question 22

The Cornucopian view held by many economists suggests that resource depletion due to greater numbers of people _ .

A) will lead to natural selection of the most fit individuals
B) poses no problem because humans are too intelligent to allow it to become one
C) poses no problem if new resources can be found to replace depleted ones
D) will cause a population crash
E) poses no problem because disease will limit population size

Question 23

The world population growth rate is currently approximately %.

A) 20
B) 10
C) 5
D) 2.5
E) 1.2

Question 24

A graph of world population growth over the past 500 years most closely resembled the letter .

A) U
B) M
C) J
D) S
E) K

Question 25

The nations with the highest rate of contraceptive use (84%) are _ _.

A) New Zealand and Denmark
B) China and United Kingdom
C) United States and Canada
D) South Africa and Botswana
E) Australia and Nepal

Question 26

The "sensitivity factor" in the model used to represent human environmental impact denotes .

A) the sensitivity of an environment to human pressures
B) human sensitivity to what needs to be done to protect the environment
C) the sensitivity of governments to carrying capacity demands
D) the sensitivity of endangered species to human population infringement
E) economic sensitivity to resource use

Question 27

Besides contraception, what can humans do to control population growth's negative effects on the environment?

A) encourage emigration from Africa
B) discourage population movement into sensitive environmental areas
C) encourage consumption
D) discourage emigration from Africa
E) encourage smaller households

Question 28

Helmut Haberl and colleagues have compiled data on as a measure of how human population growth impacts Earth's natural resources and ecosystem services.

A) industrial pollution
B) water quality and the state of Earth's wetlands
C) human use of Earth's net primary productivity (NPP)
D) invasive species such as zebra and quagga mussels
E) loss of biodiversity, especially pollinators

Question 29

In 2016, the population of the United States was approximately 325 million people, with an annual growth rate of approximately 0.7%. If the population of the U.S. were to continue to grow at this rate, the population of the U.S. would double around the year _ .

A) 2066
B) 2086
C) 2096
D) 2116
E) 2136

Question 30

Most of the world population growth in the near future will be in .

A) Europe
B) North America
C) currently uninhabited areas such as Antarctica
D) developing countries
E) developed countries

Question 31

According to the IPAT model, technology that enhances our acquisition of minerals, fossil fuels, timber, and ocean fish _ _.

A) decreases sensitivity
B) increases environmental impact
C) increases sensitivity
D) increases population
E) decreases environmental impact

Question 32

The figure depicts age structure diagrams for 1970 and 2014. All of the following can be directly inferred from the data shown in the figure EXCEPT .

A) in 1970, females had a slightly higher life expectancy than males
B) a higher proportion of the population was elderly in 2014 than in 1970
C) Earth's population growth rate was higher in 1970 than in 2014
D) there were more people on the planet in 2014 than in 1970
E) the TFR of the planet has decreased from 1970 to 2014

Question 33

Which of the following best describes human population growth from early times to the present day?

A) early rapid growth which has leveled off to a nearly constant rate in the last 20 years
B) slow, steady growth throughout the period
C) rapid, explosive growth throughout the period
D) slow, uneven growth until the 1800s, then rapid growth
E) early rapid growth which has increased rapidly in the last 20 years

Question 34

A population that is NOT growing will have a TFR of .

A) 2.1 or lower
B) less than 1.0
C) 2 or higher
D) zero
E) 1.2

Question 35

According to the IPAT model, which of the following would most likely reduce the environmental impact of a society?

A) increased use of electricity and natural gas by most members of a society
B) construction of industrial plants by wealthy nations to draw on cheaper labor
C) the discovery of large reserves of fossil fuels within a nation's borders
D) providing developing countries with the technologies needed for manufacturing automobiles
E) greater use of birth control by most members of a society

Question 36

Recent research suggests that Brazil over the past several decades.

A) legalization of abortions has/have contributed to the large drop in fertility rates in
B) exposure to environmental estrogens
C) AIDS and malaria
D) soap operas
E) laws preventing women from having more than one child