Deck 14: Global Climate Change

Question 1

In her study performed in Yaqui Valley, Mexico, Elizabeth Guillette found that .

A) infectious disease is more widespread in poor countries
B) frogs were affected by water pollution
C) wealth is correlated with intelligence
D) organic agriculture can be successful with government support
E) developmental delays occurred in children exposed to pesticides

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Bisphenol -A is _.

A) a currently used herbicide
B) an estrogen mimic that is used in plastic manufacturing
C) a banned insecticide
D) released from aerosol spray cans
E) produced when fossil fuels are burned

Answer 2

B

Question 3

are substances that cause birth defects.

A) Allergens
B) Vectors
C) Teratogens
D) Neurotoxins
E) Carcinogens

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Of the chemicals that fall under the Toxic Substances Control Act, have been thoroughly
Tested for toxicity and damage.
Have been tested for endocrine, nervous, or immune system

A) 10; 2%
B) 25; 10%
C) half; half
D) 10; 10%
E) half; 25%

Question 5

Carcinogens may be difficult to identify because _ .

A) there is a long lag time between exposure to the agent and disease
B) they are the least common toxicants
C) there is no way to measure the carcinogenic potential of a substance
D) they are rare in nature
E) most are invisible

Question 6

A risk manager would do which of the following?

A) determine the neurological effects of a new herbicide
B) establish rules restricting the use of a new herbicide
C) set the purchase price of a new herbicide
D) assess the LD50 level of a new herbicide
E) determine the level of exposure of farm workers to a new herbicide

Question 7

The bald eagle and peregrine falcon are _.

A) top consumers susceptible to eggshell damage caused by DDT
B) U.S. invasive species
C) extinct
D) overhunted for their feathers
E) found only in Florida

Question 8

are substances that cause cancer.

A) Carcinogens
B) Teratogens
C) Neurotoxins
D) Vectors
E) Allergens

Question 9

Louis Guillette is well known for his studies of in Florida.

A) the neurological effects of pesticide poisoning in flamingos
B) the contamination of soil near orange orchards
C) the effects of DDT on tadpole development
D) reproductive and developmental abnormalities in alligators
E) gonadal abnormalities in frogs

Question 10

Which of the following describes a scenario involving pesticide drift?

A) Pesticides are copied by companies producing generic varieties, but the generic varieties have greater toxic effects than the original pesticides.
B) Pesticides contain carcinogens that cause cancer in the workers using the chemicals.
C) Pesticides leach into groundwater aquifers, sickening those who use the aquifers for drinking water.
D) Pesticides being used in a mountain valley are carried by air currents into the surrounding hills, killing amphibians living in the hills' streams.
E) Pesticides run off into a local waterway that flows into a nearby fishing lake, killing some of the sensitive species of fish that live in the lake.

Question 11

The worldwide drop in sperm counts among men has been attributed to .

A) endocrine disruptors
B) teratogens
C) allergens
D) DDT
E) radon

Question 12

Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring focuses primarily on the environmental problems associated with .

A) invasive species
B) deforestation
C) pesticide toxicity
D) aquifer depletion
E) overpopulation

Question 13

Why are many contaminants found at higher concentrations in polar bears and people living in Greenland than they are in bears and people living in temperate and tropical areas?

A) Polar bears and people living in Greenland eat penguins, which are naturally high in toxic contaminants.
B) The ice sheets in Greenland, which provide both people and polar bears with fresh water, were contaminated as a result of the Chernobyl nuclear accident.
C) Most of Greenland's GDP comes from importing toxic chemicals for disposal deep beneath its ice sheets.
D) There are fewer regulations regarding the release of toxic pollutants in Greenland than in other regions of the world.
E) Global atmospheric circulation carries airborne toxins toward the poles, where their deposition exceeds evaporation.

Question 14

is/are biodegradable and known to have (a) short persistence time(s).

A) Bt toxin
B) PBDEs
C) DDE
D) PCBs
E) DDT

Question 15

Assuming that the scales for graphs (a) and (b) are identical, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) The toxicant shown in (b) has a lower LD50 compared to the toxicant shown in (a).
B) The toxicant shown in (b) has a higher toxicity than the toxicant shown in (a).
C) Graphs (a) and (b) show results for the same toxicant, but graph (a) shows a higher dose than graph (b).
D) Graphs (a) and (b) show results for the same toxicant, but graph (b) shows a higher dose than graph (a).
E) The toxicant shown in (b) has a lower toxicity than the toxicant shown in (a).

Question 16

The book Our Stolen Future was important because it .

A) was the first book that discussed environmental problems with DDT
B) was the first book to dispute claims in Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring
C) was the first book that discussed water pollution problems in Lake Apopka
D) is credited with starting the environmental movement in the United States
E) was the first book to focus on the impacts of endocrine -disrupting chemicals

Question 17

The flat line at the left in (b) probably represents .

A) no visible effect because the body's physiological processes can cope with low doses of a toxicant
B) that no data were collected for the flatline area
C) competing effects of some other substance whose effect wasn't measured
D) the fact that no toxicant was introduced until the response line begins to rise
E) the fact that there is no physiological effect of the toxicant at low doses

Question 18

Which of the following is a cultural hazard?

A) flooding
B) a high -fat diet
C) Zika virus
D) an earthquake
E) UV radiation from the sun

Question 19

The regulates pesticides in the United States.

A) FDA
B) BLM
C) USDA
D) EPA
E) PRA

Question 20

The Toxic Substances Control Act regulates _ .

A) industrial chemicals
B) pesticides
C) cosmetics
D) food additives
E) drugs

Question 21

What are the properties of toxicants that are likely to build up in animals through bioaccumulation?

A) They are carcinogenic and mutagenic.
B) They contain nitrogen and sulfur.
C) They are gases that are readily carried by pesticide drift.
D) They are nonbiodegradable and lipid -soluble.
E) They are biodegradable and water soluble.

Question 22

Pregnant women and children are warned not to eat certain kinds of fish that have high mercury content. Why do some fish tend to have higher mercury levels than other fish?

A) The high levels of mercury are an adaptation to avoid predation by humans.
B) Fish that are high in the food chain eat prey that already have bioaccumulated levels of methylmercury, thus further bioaccumulating the pollutant.
C) Some fish tend to thrive in habitats near factories that release high levels of mercury.
D) Some species of fish live in areas that are more contaminated with methylmercury. The species of fish living in those areas should be avoided.
E) Fish that are high in the food chain eat prey that already have biomagnified levels of methylmercury, thus further biomagnifying the pollutant.

Question 23

A student wants to test the toxicity of water on corn plants. After providing different amounts of water to different groups of corn plants for the duration of a growing season, the student graphed the results. The graph is most likely to look like which of the dose -response curves depicted above?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 24

Based upon the specific health effects described in the scenario, mercury would be best classified as a(n) .

A) synergist
B) endocrine disruptor
C) allergen
D) neurotoxin
E) carcinogen

Question 25

The European Union's experience with polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) has shown that .

A) economic factors have superseded health concerns
B) if the toxin is removed from the environment, concentrations in human tissues fall
C) human metabolism of these compounds could solve the problem without legislation
D) exposure to these molecules results in birth ratios of 9 males : 1 female
E) these molecules can be rapidly metabolized by decomposers

Question 26

is a naturally occurring substance that is potentially toxic to people.

A) DDE
B) Radon
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Bisphenol A (BPA)
E) PCB

Question 27

Studies of endocrine disruptors have shown that they are closely associated with all of the following EXCEPT _ .

A) gonadal abnormalities
B) thyroid hormone abnormalities
C) erectile dysfunction
D) lung cancer
E) male feminization

Question 28

According to a 2002 study by scientists at the National Water -Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA), % of U.S. streams contain traces of wastewater contaminants.

A) less than 1
B) 100
C) 50
D) 10
E) 80

Question 29

Infectious disease accounts for % of deaths globally.

A) less than 1
B) almost 17
C) almost 50
D) almost 64
E) almost 79

Question 30

Which of the following are indoor chemical hazards?

A) BPA and PCBs
B) wastewater toxicants
C) DDT and DDE
D) radon and asbestos
E) petroleum and pesticides

Question 31

Initiated in 2007, the REACH program _.

A) requires all chemicals imported into the United States to have a material safety data sheet
B) regulates the chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing
C) protects European companies who have patented trade secrets from revealing the chemical information about their products
D) replaced the Toxic Substances Control Act with a policy that was more strict regarding chemical safety
E) was passed by the European Union to protect its citizens from unsafe chemicals

Question 32

Synergistic effects of toxicants .

A) always involve synthetic toxicants
B) are greater than the sum of the effects of the components
C) are not numerous in the natural environment
D) have effects of individual toxicants that tend to cancel one another out
E) typically exhibit additive effects of the individual toxicants

Question 33

Concentrations of methyl mercury are higher in large fish than in their prey and in the air. This is best described as .

A) synergism
B) distillation
C) toxification
D) bioaccumulation
E) biomagnification

Question 34

Mercury is not readily excreted; it is stored in mammalian body tissues. This is best described as .

A) distillation
B) toxification
C) bioaccumulation
D) synergism
E) biomagnification