Deck 5: Gender

Question 1

Which of the following illustrates the ways that women are depicted to be the weaker sex?

A) images that show women as more broad-shouldered than men
B) photographs in which women appear to be the same height as men
C) a researcher comparing the athletic performance of women and men
D) images that portray husbands taller than their wives

Answer 1

D

Question 2

When a person's chromosomal composition does not correspond with their sexual anatomy, it is known as being

A) intersexed.
B) socialized.
C) androgynous.
D) multisexed.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In some cultures, like East and South Asia, parents preferred sons over daughters because they expected that sons would

A) provide economic support to their elderly parents.
B) provide social and emotional support to their elderly parents.
C) be healthier and less costly than daughters.
D) be better behaved and more helpful to their parents.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The ways in which parents dress their children are significant because

A) those ways help transform biological sexual differences into social gender identities.
B) everyone wants to wear the latest styles.
C) physical activity level helps determine the types of clothing available for children.
D) personal expression matters more than any other element in forming gender identity.

Question 5

In the Americas, many indigenous tribes have recognized a role for male-bodied people who occupy women's social positions. In modern history, many of these tribes refer to this male and female identity as

A) gender expression.
B) sex selection.
C) a two-spirit.
D) intersex.

Question 6

The term for the biological category of male and female, based on anatomy and physiology, is

A) sex selection.
B) gender.
C) sex.
D) gender expression.

Question 7

A gender approach in which someone is labeled or identifies as neither exclusively masculine nor exclusively feminine is

A) likely to lead to confusion for children.
B) likely to promote difficulty in personal relations.
C) referred to as an androgynous approach.
D) a new idea practiced by modern parents.

Question 8

According to the textbook, transgender transitions have become more common among which group of people?

A) older, often divorced or widowed individuals
B) young, college educated individuals
C) teenage high schoolers
D) middle-aged single individuals

Question 9

According to the textbook, restroom symbols and the British stamp illustrate the ways in which males and females are depicted

A) similarly.
B) according to legal dictates.
C) in ways that show the man as superior.
D) so that women gain power.

Question 10

The outward social expression of someone's biological sex is

A) sex identity.
B) gender.
C) sex selection.
D) gender oppression.

Question 11

When it comes to biological sex differences,

A) the differences are so significant that males and females rarely act the same.
B) research has shown that all women are physically weaker than men.
C) the differences between humans are small when compared with other species.
D) the differences matter little in the way that people are treated.

Question 12

Power couple Chrissy Teigen and John Legend used in vitro fertilization (IVF) to implant a female embryo in Chrissy's uterus for pregnancy. Teigen specifically chose a biologically female embryo. This is a form of

A) sex identity.
B) sex selection.
C) gender identity.
D) gender expression.

Question 13

Which of the following concepts is illustrated by parents purchasing mostly pink items for their daughters?

A) gender identity
B) gender socialization
C) gender expression
D) sex preference

Question 14

The most common "disorder of sexual development" is _. This condition occurs when children whose genetics indicate they are female develop ambiguous genitalia as a result of excess androgens while in the uterus.

A) congenital adrenal hyperplasia
B) androgen insensitivity
C) socially constructed insensitivity
D) gender selection

Question 15

Faith carries clean water from a well to her home every day, as do most women in her community. But when she studies abroad in college, her host family is shocked that women in Faith's community do such physically demanding labor. In their view, that should be done by men. What can Faith accurately conclude from this interaction?

A) Differences between the sexes are socially constructed.
B) Her host family is correct and only men should do physically demanding labor.
C) One's sexual identity always matches one's sex category.
D) Women in Faith's community are different biologically from women in her host country.

Question 16

When it comes to sex selection of children, parents in the United States

A) most commonly prefer one child of each sex.
B) routinely prefer to have only male children.
C) show a strong preference for female children.
D) indicate no preference in the sex of their children.

Question 17

Sex and gender are different in that

A) sex cannot tell us much about one's genes, but gender can.
B) gender reminds us that males and females are biological opposites.
C) sex is the more useful of the two terms.
D) gender refers to the social role based on one's categorical sex.

Question 18

The situation in which one's gender identity and assigned biological sex do not match, perhaps leading to a feeling of being trapped in the wrong body, is known as being

A) multisexed.
B) transsexual.
C) transgender.
D) gender ideation.

Question 19

A tall young woman tells her friends that she cannot imagine marrying a man who is shorter than she is, as she almost never sees couples where men are shorter than their wives. This is an example of how

A) people can take an androgynous approach to family life.
B) social behavior serves to enhance physical differences between men and women.
C) people can undermine the social construction of gender separated work.
D) sex and gender have their origin in the biological union between egg and sperm.

Question 20

A person's sexual identity

A) is never a source of anxiety.
B) develops as children start to interact with others.
C) is assigned to all children at birth.
D) will have little impact on one's future relationships.

Question 21

The belief that current gender differences have changed over time, through evolution, is most consistent with which perspective on gender?

A) symbolic interactionist
B) masculine
C) feminist
D) biological

Question 22

When it comes to occupational sex segregation

A) women and men do different types of work for pay than they do at home for no pay.
B) men and women study different things in school but end up in similar careers.
C) job screeners might bring their preconceived ideas of gender to the applicant selection process.
D) the jobs are unimportant because managers are likely to pay male and female employees the same salaries.

Question 23

A key goal of the organization Pink Stinks is to

A) promote breast cancer awareness.
B) decrease stereotyping of girls that focuses on being pretty, passive, and obsessed with shopping.
C) manufacture only blue items so that boys and girls become exactly alike when they grow up.
D) force girls to wear clothing colors other than pink.

Question 24

Which of the following is true about the ways that parents treat their sons and daughters?

A) Parents provide the same toys to children regardless of whether they are girls or boys.
B) Parents are more likely to employ parenting styles that encourage personal autonomy and decision making with their daughters.
C) The chores that parents assign tend to be based on the child's skill rather than sex.
D) Fathers and mothers have neutral expectations for the future careers of their children.

Question 25

"People 'do gender' when they enact the social roles that conform to the common expectations for their sex." This statement is most consistent with which perspective on gender?

A) biological
B) feminist
C) masculine
D) symbolic interactionist

Question 26

The study of maleness discussed in the textbook mirrors that of Whiteness in that

A) the emphasis is on oppressed groups.
B) early research on structured oppression neglected males and Whites.
C) researchers continue to avoid studying these dominant groups.
D) the same group of experts studies both topics.

Question 27

When researchers say that masculinity is socially constructed, they mean

A) men can behave in any way they choose because they are their own bosses.
B) there are different expressions for what it means to be a man, depending on the setting.
C) it is only through interactions with peers that men can understand how to be men.
D) after boys learn how to be masculine they will have no future need for advice.

Question 28

Clothing that children wear to school can reinforce gendered behavior in which of the following ways?

A) School uniforms make male and female students appear as if they have no gender differences.
B) Teachers require male and female students to dress radically different from each other for identification purposes.
C) When girls wear dresses they are limited in the physical activities in which they can participate.
D) Because boys wear pants rather than dresses, they are not permitted to participate in all physical education activities.

Question 29

Expectations for men's behavior compared to women's behavior

A) permit men more freedom in clothing choices.
B) are less strictly enforced for men than for women.
C) support a narrow cultural view of masculinity.
D) promote more bullying of women compared to bullying of men.

Question 30

The process by which individuals internalize elements of the social structure is known as

A) social networking.
B) identity learning.
C) socialization.
D) indoctrination.

Question 31

People in a similar social situation and of similar social status with whom an individual interacts are known as

A) family.
B) peers.
C) friends.
D) comrades.

Question 32

"Gender differences are the product of social interactions that reflect a man's dominant position relative to a woman's." This statement is most consistent with which perspective on gender?

A) biological
B) feminist
C) masculine
D) symbolic interactionist

Question 33

A gender approach in which someone is labeled or identifies as neither exclusively masculine nor exclusively feminine is

A) likely to lead to confusion for children.
B) likely to promote difficulty in personal relations.
C) referred to as an androgynous approach.
D) a new idea practiced by modern parents.

Question 34

Gender socialization occurs

A) within the family through contact with family members.
B) without the influence of social institutions like media or religion.
C) to keep young people acting the same way as their parents.
D) only during the preschool years.

Question 35

Despite the increasing participation of women in the workforce, women earn, on average, roughly __________ percent of what men earn.

A) 72
B) 77
C) 81
D) 89

Question 36

A primary explanation for the difference between female and male graduation rates within low-income neighborhoods is that

A) boys are afforded the luxury of staying in school while girls must go to work.
B) girls' close social connections encourage them to stay in school.
C) boys are more closely supervised than girls, so they receive extra parental support.
D) girls are more likely to leave school because of pregnancy and parental pressure to marry.

Question 37

A couple has its first child and decides to dress the baby in green and yellow clothes instead of blue or pink. The parents buy their baby toys that are marketed to both boys and girls. When asked why they are choosing to raise their child this way, how might the parents answer?

A) Their baby has not yet been assigned a gender.
B) They want to give their child the power to choose its own way.
C) The child identifies as male but the parents wanted a daughter.
D) Their child has no sexual identity.

Question 38

Which of the following is an example of a feminist trend in religion?

A) Orthodox Jews frequently separate men and women, calling for different roles.
B) In the case of American Muslims, the practice of women wearing a veil has grown more common.
C) People often turn to religion for guidance on parenting.
D) In some branches of Judaism, women are ordained as rabbis.

Question 39

One of the reasons the number of employed women increased rapidly after World War II was that

A) men wanted to stay home and be taken care of financially.
B) women obtained more education and wanted to use their degrees.
C) day-care centers improved so much that women no longer wanted to care for their own children.
D) the government mandated that companies hire as many female employees as male employees.

Question 40

"Given that the relationship between sex and gender is so closely linked, genetic predispositions will affect the behaviors of men and women." This statement is most consistent with which perspective on gender?

A) biological
B) feminist
C) masculine
D) symbolic interactionist

Question 41

What do researchers mean by interactive circles of socialization?

Question 42

How does the popularity of cosmetic surgery illustrate people's desire to enhance gender differences?

Question 43

Describe two ways in which sex differences support the cultural expectations of women as being weaker than men.

Question 44

Hypothesize two potential benefits to androgyny for males.

Question 45

How are family roles or expectations differentiated by a child's gender?

Question 46

Compared to jobs dominated by men, jobs dominated by women

A) are more likely to mesh with women's family obligations.
B) pay much better because women are scarce in the work world.
C) require significant education and hold much prestige.
D) have lower status and lower pay.

Question 47

The study discussed in the textbook in which children were asked to rate the status and pay of the fictional job of "tenic" demonstrates that

A) females and males are viewed the same when doing the same work.
B) gender expectations lead to more favorable evaluations of jobs associated with men.
C) jobs for women are seen as much more difficult than jobs associated with men.
D) inequality occurs between jobs, but not within them.

Question 48

Hypothesize two potential benefits to androgyny for females.

Question 49

Provide two reasons why there is a historical preference for male children.

Question 50

Though U.S. women still don't have true equality compared to men in terms of wealth, they have pulled ahead of men in which key area?

A) income
B) graduating from college
C) corporate management
D) political power

Question 51

Support or refute the statement that men and women are opposites.

Question 52

What does women's employment during World War II reveal about social constraints on behavior with regard to gender?

Question 53

Which of the following contributes to jobs being segregated by gender in the United States?

A) gender identity
B) sexual identity
C) sex
D) socialization

Question 54

Briefly describe the differences between intersex and transgender.

Question 55

What is the relationship between sex and gender?

Question 56

Provide an example of the difference between gender identity and gender expression.