Deck 6: Groups and Societies

Question 1

Marsha thinks that she is fat, although she weighs only 102 pounds and is 5 feet 7 inches tall. When her therapist asks Marsha what makes her think she is overweight, Marsha says that she is bigger than all of the supermodels that she sees on television and in fashion magazines. Because Marsha is comparing herself to the supermodels, they represent her:

A) Social Group
B) Reference Group
C) In-Group
D) Secondary Group

Answer 1

B

Question 2

There are 14 members of the medical platoon stationed on the army base. These health care workers, who interact with one another and share a common identity, make up a:

A) Crowd
B) Social Group
C) Triad
D) Social Network

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Ray and Sharon are the parents of twin teenage boys, Wendell and Kendall. Ray and Sharon make all the rules and assign all the tasks. They expect their children to do what they say without question. Ray and Sharon are:

A) Democratic Leaders
B) Laissez-Faire Leaders
C) Autocratic Leaders
D) Conforming Leaders

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Beyonce wants to launch a new musical group. She wants to know how many members she should have in the group to increase the likelihood that the group will stay together. She asks you how many people are in the most stable group. You correctly tell her:

A) Two people
B) Three People
C) Four People
D) Five People

Question 5

Destiny's Child was a musical group made up of three vocalists. The three members made up a:

A) Dyad
B) Social Network
C) Secondary Group
D) Triad

Question 6

When Jack joined the secret society of world leaders, he was told that membership was limited to 25 people, that he would be expected to develop an intimate relationship with his 24 "brothers," and that their relationship would last until death. Jack correctly concluded that the secret society of world leaders was expected to serve as an):

A) Primary Group
B) Secondary Group
C) Coercive Group
D) Out-Group

Question 7

When Christy entered high school, she noticed that most of her female classmates wore lipstick. Christy bought some lipstick and started wearing it so that she could fit in with the other young ladies. This is an example of:

A) Conformity
B) Groupthink
C) Leadership Style
D) Bureaucracy

Question 8

Michelle feels very close to the Republican Party and is very loyal to the group when she votes. To Michelle, the Republican Party is an):

A) Out-Group
B) Primary Group
C) Dyad
D) In-Group

Question 9

Harold was selected by his boss to be the shift leader at Arby's restaurant. Harold was completely happy being a crewmember and did not want to be promoted into a leadership position. During his shift, Harold often retreats to the office in the back of the restaurant, allowing the crew members to do what they want to do. Harold is an):

A) Democratic leader
B) Autocratic Leader
C) Conforming Leader
D) Laissez-Faire Leader

Question 10

Shakira owns the local bookstore and has seven employees. Shakira always asks her employees for their opinions before adopting a new policy. Shakira is an):

A) Autocratic Leader
B) Conforming Leader
C) Democratic Leader
D) Laissez-Faire Leader

Question 11

Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania are examining the behavioral modes that people use to influence group members. The researchers are examining:

A) Groupthink
B) Conformity
C) Voluntary Associations
D) Leadership Styles

Question 12

Students in the college town refer to the local residents as "Townies." The students feel disconnected from the Townies and often hold negative views towards them. From the students viewpoint, the Townies are an):

A) In-Group
B) Out-Group
C) Secondary Group
D) Reference Group

Question 13

Missy has never been to a Bar Mitzvah before so she is unsure of the appropriate dress for the occasion. When she arrives, Missy checks out what the other women are wearing. She is pleased to see that most women are wearing elegant dresses like her own. The women at the party make up Missy's:

A) Out-group
B) In-group
C) Reference Group
D) Primary Group

Question 14

The Simmons family is planning their annual family reunion. Parents, grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, and siblings will meet on Cape Cod to celebrate their intimate and long lasting relationships. The Simmons family is an example of an):

A) Primary Group
B) Secondary Group
C) Social Network
D) Out-group

Question 15

The Gator football fans at the University of Florida believe that their team is better than the Volunteers team at the University of Tennessee. This reflects:

A) In-Group Bias
B) Reference Group Bias
C) Dyad Bias
D) Social Group Bias

Question 16

Renee is a business consultant. When she hires a new employee, she tells them, "It is my way or the highway." As such, her leadership style is:

A) Democratic
B) Autocratic
C) Laissez-Faire
D) Conforming

Question 17

Fiona signed up to volunteer with the Voter Registration Council, a group that registers local high school graduates to vote in upcoming elections. This group has come together for a specific purpose and is an example of an):

A) Secondary Group
B) Out-group
C) Social Network
D) Primary Group

Question 18

Takaya and Okim are dating. This couple makes up a:

A) Triad
B) Social Network
C) Secondary Group
D) Dyad

Question 19

When Myrna was admitted into the university, she applied for on-campus housing. She was randomly placed in a room with Tiffany. Myrna and Tiffany developed a respectful roommate relationship, but after the school year was over, they never saw one another again. This is an example of an):

A) Primary Group
B) Unbounded Relationship
C) Bounded Relationship
D) Out-Group

Question 20

This is Katrina's first week on her new job at Jiffy Lube. She has had the opportunity to work with both of the shop managers. She notices that the morning manager assigns tasks to the employees without asking what they would prefer to do, while the evening manager asks for employee input in assigning the tasks. The morning manager has an) leadership style, while the evening manager has an) leadership style.

A) autocratic; laissez-faire
B) laissez-faire; autocratic
C) democratic; autocratic
D) autocratic; democratic

Question 21

Joanie volunteers with the Parent Teacher Association. Along with other concerned parents, Joanie tries to enhance the educational experience of the youth in her community. To Joanie, the Parent Teacher Association is an example of an):

A) Iron Organization
B) Utilitarian Organization
C) Normative Organization
D) Coercive Organization

Question 22

n 1904, Mary McLeod Bethune founded the Daytona Normal and Industrial Institute for Negro Girls to provide black women with an opportunity to earn a college degree. The school is an example of a:

A) Social Network
B) Formal Organization
C) Traditional Network
D) Contract Network

Question 23

When a judge ruled that Mary was a threat to herself and others, Mary was placed in the Crisis Stabilization Unit of the State Mental Hospital. Since this was against Mary's will, the State Mental Hospital represents an):

A) Iron Organization
B) Normative Organization
C) Coercive Organization
D) Utilitarian Organization

Question 24

Latoya likes to use Facebook, but her sister Shante likes to use MySpace. Both of these applications help the sisters maintain the ties that they have with others. As such, Facebook and MySpace help with:

A) Social Capital
B) Social Networks
C) Primary Groups
D) Secondary Groups

Question 25

Although five men at the town meeting believed that it was wrong to deny women the right to vote, they kept their opinions to themselves and went along with the group. These men feared that they would be treated unkindly if they disagreed. This reflects which shortcoming of groupthink?

A) The Illusion of Unanimity
B) The Illusion of Invulnerability
C) Collective Rationalization
D) Self-Censorship

Question 26

After graduating from college, Donald landed a job at Microsoft that pays $93,000 per year. In this example, Microsoft is an):

A) Normative Organization
B) Coercive Organization
C) Iron Organization
D) Utilitarian Organization

Question 27

The School Board Members in Gadsden County met to vote on changing the dress code to allow students more variation in the school uniform. The board members voted against the proposal without discussing the potential benefits of such a change. Each member just conformed to what they believed was the consensus of the group. Because there was no objective thought in their decision, this reflects:

A) Autocraticism
B) Groupthink
C) Democracy
D) Social Capital

Question 28

Chuiya believes that when ex-cons are released from prison, they must be provided with a new set of skills to be successful in society. As such, Chuiya volunteers at the Reichert Rehabilitation Center teaching ex-cons how to develop resumes and interview for jobs. For Chuiya, the Reichert Rehabilitation Center is an example of an):

A) Utilitarian Organization
B) Coercive Organization
C) Iron Organization
D) Normative Organization

Question 29

Brad was born in poverty. However, he is highly motivated and values education. Brad's individual motivation and education are a part of his:

A) Social Network
B) Social Group
C) Social Capital
D) Leadership Style

Question 30

The art gallery holds a monthly wine and cheese reception on the firsriday evening of every month. This is an opportunity for hip, young professionals to meet people with similar interests, beliefs, and social identities. The art gallery is helping the young professionals develop:

A) Formal Organizations
B) Social Networks
C) Groupthink
D) Leadership Styles

Question 31

Under the influence of groupthink, the boys at Ridgemont High decided to make a statement against the school uniform by wearing skirts on the first day of class. The fact that the entire group ignored the warnings that they would be suspended if they were not in uniform is an example of:

A) Self-Appointed Mind Guards
B) Self-Censorship
C) Collective Rationalization
D) The Illusion of Unanimity

Question 32

Groupthink is more likely to occur when there is:

A) Cohesiveness, an internal threat, and a strong leader
B) A weak leader, cohesiveness, and an external threat
C) A weak leader, cohesiveness, and an internal threat
D) Cohesiveness, an external threat, and a strong leader

Question 33

On a recent visit to the dentist, Professor Bush learned that her dentist was looking for a new receptionist. When Professor Bush found out that her student Toussant was looking for a job, she referred Toussant to the dentist and Toussant was hired on the spot! Dr. Bush is a member of Toussant's:

A) Social Network
B) Primary Group
C) Reference Group
D) Out-Group

Question 34

A decision to attack a rival gang was made by the Blood Demons. Under the influence of groupthink, the Blood Demons were excessively optimistic, believing that they would win the fight. This belief that the desired outcome would occur is called:

A) The Illusion of Invulnerability
B) Self-Censorship
C) The Illusion of Unanimity
D) Self-Appointed Mind Guards

Question 35

When the 11-member board of directors voted to cut employee health care benefits, there were 9 board members in favor of the cut and 2 board members who did not vote. The resulting tally of 9-0 made it seem as if everyone supported the cut, when in fact all did not. This illustrates:

A) The Illusion of Invulnerability
B) The Illusion of Unanimity
C) Self-Appointed Mind Guards
D) Collective Rationalizations

Question 36

Participation in voluntary organizations is:

A) Increasing
B) Decreasing
C) Remaining the same
D) None of the Above

Question 37

Angelo is career criminal. He has been sentenced to serve the next 23 years in prison. Because Angelo is forced to go to prison against his own wishes, the prison represents an):

A) Utilitarian Organization
B) Normative Organization
C) Iron Organization
D) Coercive Organization

Question 38

The vice president of student government received several anonymous notes from students who were discontent with the new budget. However, the vice president did not share this information with the president. The vice president wanted to protect the leader from views that contradicted the administration's position. This reflects which shortcoming of groupthink?

A) Stereotyped Views of Out-Groups
B) Collective Rationalization
C) Self-Appointed Mind Guards
D) The Illusion of Invulnerability

Question 39

Rachel just signed up to join the neighborhood soccer team. The soccer team is an example of a:

A) Traditional Network
B) Formal Organization
C) Voluntary Association
D) Dyad

Question 40

Carlos and Paco are immigrants. Carlos told his friend Paco that the community college has job openings for custodial positions. Carlos is a part of Paco's:

A) Contract Network
B) Church Network
C) Traditional Network
D) Both A and B

Question 41

Gwendolyn is a sociologist. Her research question is, "How does job satisfaction impact productivity in the workplace?" Which theorist would be most likely to ask such a question?

A) A Conflict Theorist
B) A Functionalist Theorist
C) A Symbolic Interactionist
D) None of the Above

Question 42

Les Brown is a motivational speaker. He leads people by empowering them to do things that they never thought was possible. This means that Les Brown is a leader.

A) people development
B) positional
C) permission
D) production

Question 43

David is a store manager. He has nine employees working under him and they all know that he has a clear vision for the store and that he is going to work very hard to achieve his goals. Instead of just delegating the tasks, David leads his employees by example, always doing more than what is required. The employees follow David's lead because they see and are impressed by what he accomplishes on a daily basis. David is a leader.

A) positional
B) production
C) permission
D) personhood

Question 44

Every McDonald's employee is expected to treat each customer the exact same way. When a customer approaches the counter, the employee is supposed to smile and say, "Welcome to McDonald's. May I please take your order?" The idea that all customers are treated in the exact same manner reflects which characteristic of bureaucracy?

A) Hierarchy of Authority
B) Technical Qualifications
C) Division of Labor
D) Impersonality

Question 45

The Science Club has an elected president, vice president, treasurer, and secretary. This reflects an):

A) Proper Structure
B) Improper Structure
C) Formal Structure
D) Informal Structure

Question 46

Rebecca works at Wal-Mart as a cashier. When she sees a customer shoplifting, Rebecca calls for security. Rebecca does not confront the thieving customer, because that is not her job. This reflects:

A) The Concentration of Power
B) The Division of Labor
C) The Methods of Succession
D) Conformity

Question 47

At the advertising agency, decision-making power flows downward. The partners make the rules and pass them on to the junior partners, who then pass them down to the ad executives, who then pass them on to the administrative assistants. This reflects which characteristic of bureaucracy?

A) Technical Qualifications
B) Impersonality
C) Hierarchy of Authority
D) Rules and Regulations

Question 48

Khalyani is aspiring to be a world-class chef. She has just been hired by the Hilton Hotel as an assistant chef. For Khalyani, the Hilton Hotel is an example of an):

A) Coercive Organization
B) Voluntary Organization
C) Utilitarian Organization
D) Normative Organization

Question 49

Secondary groups typically involve more emotion than primary groups.

Question 50

Giselle works at the public library. Her friend sees her there and asks, "Giselle, can you get me a job here?" Giselle replies, "You must go through the Human Resources Office to fill out an application and pass a series of tests in order to qualify for a position here." The fact that hiring is based on a worker's ability to perform a task reflects which characteristic of bureaucracy?

A) Hierarchy of Authority
B) Division of Labor
C) Impersonality
D) Technical Qualifications

Question 51

Regina manages a day spa. She has developed personal relationships with all of the people that she supervises. She acknowledges their birthdays, encourages them when they are down, and rewards them for a job well done. Regina's employees truly enjoy her company and they follow her because they want to. This makes Regina a leader.

A) production
B) positional
C) permission
D) personhood

Question 52

Vilma works at the hospital as a certified nursing assistant. She does not like her boss Tyrone. Nevertheless, Vilma follows Tyrone's orders because Tyrone is her boss and has the title of supervising nurse. This means that Tyrone is a leader.

A) permission
B) personhood
C) production
D) positional

Question 53

Fredrick is in a fraternity. He has 28 fraternity brothers on campus and he has a special friendship with each one. These friendships reflect an):

A) Formal structure
B) Informal Structure
C) Proper Structure
D) Improper Structure

Question 54

The board of trustees is made up of 15 members. Together, they oversee the state university. The board adopts rules, regulations, and policies for 27,000 students and 6,000 faculty and staff members. This small group's control of the university represents:

A) Conformity
B) The Concentration of Power
C) The Methods of Succession
D) The Division of Labor

Question 55

When Candy Lightner started the group Mothers Against Drunk Driving to eliminate driving while under the influence of alcohol, she was developing a:

A) Coercive Organization
B) Formal Organization
C) Traditional Network
D) Contract Network

Question 56

The high school is a formal organization that is divided into a hierarchy of different departments with the principal's office at the top, followed by the vice principals' offices, the various deans, and the department heads. As such, the high school is a:

A) Social Network
B) Social Capital
C) Bureaucracy
D) Voluntary Association

Question 57

The local bank recently installed five Automatic Teller Machines ATMs) around town and fired two bank tellers. By taking these actions, the bank has been able to save money and customers have been given the convenience of conducting their business with the bank after hours. This reflects:

A) Formal Rationality
B) Formal Structure
C) Informal Structure
D) Informal Rationality

Question 58

The Middle Eastern Student Association was formed last semester on campus. When forming the group, the student organizers adopted bylaws, or rules and regulations to govern the group's activities. This reflects an):

A) Formal Structure
B) Informal Structure
C) Proper Structure
D) Improper Structure

Question 59

At Big Al's restaurant, the hostess seats the customer, the waitress takes and serves the order, the cook prepares the food, the bus boy cleans the table, and the cashier collects the payment. These clearly defined roles and expectations reflect which characteristic of bureaucracy?

A) Technical Qualifications
B) Hierarchy of Authority
C) The Division of Labor
D) Impersonality

Question 60

Every two years, the Delta Chi Alpha sorority elects a new president. If the president leaves the organization before the 2-year term is up, the vice president moves up to the presidency. This provision for replacing leaders illustrates:

A) The Methods of Succession
B) The Division of Labor
C) The Concentration of Power
D) Conformity

Question 61

All organizations have informal structures.

Question 62

Smaller groups are easier to maintain than larger groups. Application;

Question 63

are groups that consist of two or more people who interact with one another and share a common identity.

Question 64

A is a group consisting of only two people.

Question 65

are relationships that exist only under specific conditions.

Question 66

A strong leader increases the likelihood of groupthink. Application;

Question 67

Contract networks provide emotional support.

Question 68

Formal norms heavily influence interaction in primary groups

Question 69

A person can change his or her leadership style.

Question 70

Positional leaders occupy the highest level of influence.

Question 71

A is the group that you use to evaluate yourself.

Question 72

A is a behavioral mode that leaders use to influence group members.

Question 73

is the feeling that a person's in-group is superior to others.

Question 74

A is a group consisting of three people.

Question 75

An is a group from which we are disconnected.

Question 76

Most U.S. employees dislike their jobs. Application;

Question 77

An is a group to which we feel an affinity or closeness.

Question 78

A weak leader increases the likelihood of groupthink.

Question 79

The style of leadership directly impacts the level of leadership. Application;

Question 80

Attitudes are a part of social capital.