Deck 6: The Revolution Within

Question 1

As a result of the religious freedom created by the Revolution:

A) organized religion became less important in American life over the next thirty years.
B) upstart churches began challenging the well-established churches.
C) the number of religious denominations in the United States declined.
D) violent struggles between religious groups were not uncommon in the backcountry.
E) tax-supported churches flourished in every state in the new nation.

Answer 1

upstart churches began challenging the well-established churches.

Question 2

An example of anti-Catholicism during the 1770s was the:

A) barring of Catholics from southern state militias.
B) Second Continental Congress's refusal to accept aid from Catholic France.
C) widespread arrests of Catholics as potential British spies by Pennsylvania authorities.
D) famous attack on a Boston convent by Massachusetts minutemen.
E) First Continental Congress's denunciation of the Quebec Act.

Answer 2

First Continental Congress's denunciation of the Quebec Act.

Question 3

The new state constitutions created during the Revolutionary War:

A) completely eliminated property qualifications for voting.
B) became far more democratic in the southern states than in the northern states.
C) greatly expanded the right to vote in almost every state.
D) did nothing to change the composition of elite-dominated state legislatures.
E) all retained tax-supported churches as a way of ensuring a virtuous citizenry.

Answer 3

greatly expanded the right to vote in almost every state.

Question 4

The constitution of which state eliminated all property and tax qualifications for voting in 1777?

A) Vermont
B) New York
C) Maryland
D) Virginia
E) Massachusetts

Question 5

For which three accomplishments did Thomas Jefferson wish to be remembered?

A) presidency, the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution
B) louisiana Purchase, presidency, the Declaration of Independence
C) the Constitution, the University of Virginia, presidency
D) the "Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom," the Declaration of Independence, Louisiana Purchase
E) the Declaration of Independence, the University of Virginia, the "Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom"

Question 6

Thomas Jefferson's views on religion and Christian doctrines:

A) were very similar to those expressed by Isaac Backus, a Baptist leader.
B) show that he actively sought to stamp out religious worship.
C) indicate he did not believe in a benevolent Creator.
D) demonstrated his rejection of the divinity of Jesus.
E) found widespread acceptance among evangelicals in the new nation.

Question 7

In order to encourage virtue in future citizens, Thomas Jefferson and John Adams:

A) asked for the Declaration of Independence to be read every month at the town square.
B) proposed free public education.
C) wanted church attendance to be mandatory.
D) proposed that ministers become teachers in public schools.
E) wanted a second revolution.

Question 8

Benedict Arnold offered which justification for his treason?

A) He believed George Washington treated his soldiers poorly.
B) America's new alliance with France, a Catholic state, was too much for him to bear.
C) He was a distant cousin of King George III through marriage.
D) He believed that until the United States abolished slavery, its cause to liberty was hypocritical.
E) He considered the cause of independence already lost.

Question 9

How did the Revolutionary War change the meaning of freedom?

A) It meant that all men now had a legal claim to an equal distribution of property.
B) It challenged the inequality that had been fundamental to the colonial social order.
C) It ended colonial society's legally established hereditary aristocracy.
D) It ended coverture, under which husbands exercised full legal authority over their wives.
E) It meant that, for the first time, men were free to pursue whatever occupations they wished.

Question 10

As a result of the American Revolution, Americans rejected:

A) obedience to the male heads of household.
B) the principle of hereditary aristocracy.
C) the establishment of a republic.
D) the definition of liberty as a universal entitlement.
E) all kinds of organized religion.

Question 11

Which statement about Revolutionary Pennsylvania is FALSE?

A) Nearly all of its prewar elites opposed independence.
B) The radical leadership that emerged included Thomas Paine and Benjamin Rush.
C) The radical leadership attacked property qualifications for voting.
D) The state's new constitution gave only limited power to the state's governor.
E) Its new constitution centralized political power in a one-house legislature.

Question 12

How did Pennsylvania display the Revolutionary War's radical potential?

A) Benjamin Franklin's departure for France left control of the state up for grabs, and the lower classes took over.
B) The prewar elite had supported independence, then tried to negotiate with Great Britain, costing themselves the respect of the lower classes, who took power from them.
C) Philadelphia's artisan and lower-class communities took control and put a new emphasis on freedom and on more democratic politics.
D) The Second Continental Congress had to take over the state when the people voted to abolish the position of governor, thereby showing how the new nation's power dynamic would differ greatly from the old system.
E) Just through the population retaining the old style of government, they demonstrated that major change was possible without uprooting the whole system.

Question 13

In his Thoughts on Government (1776), John Adams advocated state constitutions that provided for:

A) a powerful governor and a two-house legislature that reflected the division of society between wealthy and ordinary men.
B) a legislature elected and controlled entirely by the wealthy, with a weak governor elected by the people so that they would feel that they had a role.
C) voting rights for all men at least twenty-one years old.
D) centralizing political power in a one-house legislature and dispensing with the office of governor.
E) allowing women who owned a certain amount of property to vote, but preventing them from holding political office.

Question 14

How did the War for Independence affect anti-Catholicism in America?

A) Anti-Catholicism increased when Quebec Catholics volunteered in large numbers for the British army.
B) Because Americans resented Catholic France negotiating a separate peace with Great Britain, anti-Catholicism became more prevalent.
C) Independence led the states to impose anti-Catholic laws that they had been unable to adopt when they were under British control.
D) The alliance with France, a predominantly Catholic country, helped diminish American anti-Catholicism.
E) Spain's wartime aid to Britain led Georgian colonists to attack Catholic missions in Florida.

Question 15

What served as a sort of "school of political democracy" for the members of the "lower orders" in the colonies-turned-states?

A) the Protestant Church
B) the lower house of the state legislatures
C) the taverns
D) the militia
E) the first public schools

Question 16

Thomas Jefferson's Virginia "Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom" did the following EXCEPT:

A) eliminated religious qualifications for voting.
B) removed religious qualifications for holding political office.
C) allowed a second set of standards for Catholics.
D) removed government financial support for churches.
E) people could not be forced to pick a religion.

Question 17

Which state's constitution granted suffrage to all "inhabitants" who met a property qualification, allowing property-owning women to vote until an 1807 amendment limited suffrage to males?

A) New York
B) Virginia
C) New Jersey
D) Massachusetts
E) Pennsylvania

Question 18

Which of the following is true of how the new state constitutions in the Revolutionary era dealt with the issue of religious liberty?

A) Several states finally allowed Jews to vote and to hold public office.
B) States increased public funding of religion because they no longer had to win British approval to do so.
C) Seven state constitutions began with a declaration of rights that included a commitment to "the free exercise of religion."
D) Thomas Jefferson wrote a "Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom" in Virginia, but the House of Burgesses never adopted it.
E) Deists and evangelicals fought with one another over whether church and state should be separate.

Question 19

Christian republicanism is a scholarly idea that was characteristic of all of the following EXCEPT it:

A) was supported by some ministers.
B) was encouraged by Revolutionary leaders.
C) was motivated by a fear of corruption and vices.
D) was fearful of a lack of moral restraint.
E) was promoting free trade and markets.

Question 20

In regards to voting for the states, what was a contentious issue?

A) being a Native American
B) being an Anglican
C) owning property
D) not owning slaves
E) being a woman

Question 21

Why did John Adams believe that land ownership was vital to society?

A) He opposed slavery and felt that if small farmers owned land, they would have the power to outvote slaveowners.
B) If more people owned land, it would be less likely that fixed and unequal social classes would emerge.
C) Land ownership would make people more conservative, and that would counteract any democratic impulses.
D) Government would have to encourage it, and Adams believed in an activist federal government.
E) Adams had lost his land when he took the unpopular position of representing British soldiers who participated in the Boston Massacre, and he knew how important the issue was.

Question 22

What policy did the new United States pursue in its dealings with Native Americans?

A) The U.S. government generally left them alone because it was busy trying to restore order after the war.
B) The U.S. government tried to protect them from encroachment by backcountry farmers, as required by the Treaty of Paris.
C) The U.S. government set out to dispossess the Native Americans of their remaining rich lands and drive them westward.
D) The U.S. government pursued a policy of outright extermination.
E) The U.S. government recognized Indian claims to their traditional lands from the Appalachians to the Mississippi River.

Question 23

What role did Native Americans play in the Revolutionary War?

A) They all allied themselves with the British, who promised to protect them against American encroachment.
B) They all allied themselves with the Americans, since the British had failed to protect them against American encroachment.
C) Most tribes officially maintained neutrality but secretly aided one side or the other.
D) They divided in allegiance, just as white Americans did.
E) They volunteered to fight in the Continental army, but George Washington rejected them.

Question 24

According to Noah Webster, what was the very soul of a republic?

A) equality
B) diversity
C) democracy
D) freedom
E) industry

Question 25

In order to deal with a wartime economic crisis in 1779, Congress urged states to:

A) allow the free market to operate without regulation.
B) adopt measures to fix wages and prices.
C) establish food banks to distribute food to the needy.
D) raise taxes on the wealthy.
E) seek loans from friendly European governments.

Question 26

Which of the following contributed to the success of free trade advocates during the Revolutionary War?

A) the publication of Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations
B) Isaac Newton's explanation of the law of gravity as applied to economics
C) the failure of wartime tariffs to solve the problem of the national debt
D) riots over inflation in the streets of Boston
E) memories of the despised Intolerable Acts

Question 27

General John Sullivan:

A) led pro-American Cherokee troops in campaigns against Lord Cornwallis in North Carolina.
B) surrendered his forces to the Stockbridge Indians in a humiliating defeat.
C) destroyed forty Indian towns in a campaign against the Iroquois.
D) encouraged American forces to treat Indians and their lands "truly well and gently."
E) was a British spy whom pro-American Creek Indians unmasked.

Question 28

What role did rising prices play during the Revolution?

A) They encouraged more men to enlist in the Continental army because military pay increased with inflation.
B) Angry Americans voted out congressmen who had approved the paper money that caused the inflation.
C) They prompted protests by Americans, especially women, who took goods from merchants whom they accused of hoarding.
D) They led the Continental Congress to obtain huge loans from Catherine the Great of Russia.
E) They prompted the writers of the Constitution to ban paper money-a provision that later was repealed.

Question 29

Which of the following was NOT an example of Loyalists being deprived of their freedom by patriots?

A) New state governments suppressed newspapers thought to be loyal to Britain.
B) Pennsylvania's government seized property from members of pacifist religious groups.
C) Many states required oaths of allegiance to the new nation.
D) Several states denied Loyalists the right to vote and forced them into exile.
E) The New England states forced Loyalists into militias against their will.

Question 30

Which of the following was NOT a key obstacle to the abolition of slavery in the Revolutionary era and new nation?

A) the Lockean belief in protecting property against outside interference
B) the idea that slavery for blacks made freedom possible for whites
C) the fact that slavery was an old institution in America
D) the widespread fear that freed slaves would move west and unite with Indians
E) the reality that a high percentage of some states' populations consisted of slaves

Question 31

What did South Carolina promise every white volunteer at the war's end?

A) a musket of his own
B) two acres of land
C) the right to vote
D) one hundred shillings
E) a slave

Question 32

Virtually every founding father owned at least one slave at some point in his life. Who was a notable exception?

A) George Washington
B) John Adams
C) Thomas Jefferson
D) Benjamin Franklin
E) James Madison

Question 33

Which of the following groups did NOT include a significant proportion of Loyalists during the Revolutionary War?

A) Anglican ministers and imperial officials
B) Highland Scots in North Carolina
C) southern backcountry farmers
D) wealthy New York families
E) slaves hoping for freedom with a British victory

Question 34

Which statement about Loyalists is FALSE?

A) Confiscated property was not returned to them after the war.
B) Fewer than 10,000 Loyalists left America after the war.
C) Hostility toward Loyalists after the war proved to be short-lived.
D) Loyalists were quickly reintegrated into American society.
E) Soon after the war, states repealed test oaths that discriminated against Loyalists.

Question 35

Why did apprenticeship and indentured servitude decline after the Revolution?

A) King George III had supported them, and anything associated with the king was unpopular in the United States.
B) Many apprentices and indentures had refused to fight in the Revolution, and their bosses, resenting them for it, got rid of them.
C) Thomas Paine's criticism of them in Common Sense greatly influenced the many who had read his pamphlet.
D) Northerners were outlawing slavery in their state constitutions and began to eliminate apprenticeship and indentured servitude as well amid southern charges of hypocrisy.
E) The lack of freedom inherent in apprenticeship and indentured servitude struck growing numbers of Americans as incompatible with republican citizenship.

Question 36

Apart from "liberty," __________ was the word most used in the late eighteenth century in legal and political literature.

A) voting
B) tolerance
C) slavery
D) equality
E) suffrage

Question 37

Approximately how many free Americans remained loyal to the British during the war?

A) 5 to 10 percent
B) 10 to 15 percent
C) 20 to 25 percent
D) 30 to 35 percent
E) 45 to 50 percent

Question 38

Joseph Brant, a young Mohawk:

A) wanted to create an Indian confederacy between Canada and the United States.
B) allied with the Continental Congress and led troops against the British in the Great Lakes region.
C) represented Indian interests at the negotiations of the Treaty of Paris.
D) urged all Indians to move west of the Mississippi River to preserve their cultures from "contamination" by whites.
E) was appointed first governor-general of Upper Canada in 1781.

Question 39

In a famous speech to Parliament, the British statesman Edmund Burke said what regarding a link between slavery and liberty for American colonists?

A) He argued that the colonists were sensitive to threats to their liberties because they were so familiar with slavery.
B) He said the colonists were hypocrites for claiming to be pro-liberty while they themselves owned slaves.
C) He said John Locke's ideas about property rights meant colonists were justified in claiming that their liberty included slave ownership rights.
D) He praised liberty-loving Pennsylvanians for organizing the world's first antislavery society.
E) He stated that a threat to liberty anywhere is a threat to liberty everywhere, so American slavery threatened British freedom.

Question 40

What did the "invisible hand" refer to?

A) gradual emancipation laws
B) republican motherhood
C) royal authority
D) pro-British loyalties
E) the free market

Question 41

Freedom and an individual's right to vote had become interchangeable by the war's end.

Question 42

In their Revolutionary era constitutions, all states adopted John Adams's idea of a "balanced" government.

Question 43

The free black population after the Revolution:

A) declined in number as newly freed slaves left the country whenever possible.
B) often enjoyed the right to vote if its male members met taxpaying or property qualifications.
C) all took the last names of their former masters.
D) refused to provide havens for fugitive slaves because doing so would have led to the revocation of their own emancipation.
E) avoided supporting the abolitionist cause out of fear of reprisals.

Question 44

In Pennsylvania nearly the entire pre-Revolutionary elite opposed the American independence movement.

Question 45

The efforts to emancipate slaves in the 1770s and 1780s:

A) occurred only in the New England states.
B) resulted entirely from the voluntary work by slaveholders.
C) included all slaves north of South Carolina.
D) reflected the importance of property rights.
E) were reversed in 1792 by the U.S. Supreme Court in the Dred Scott case.

Question 46

Which statement about blacks and freedom in the Revolutionary era is FALSE?

A) The language of liberty echoed in slave communities, North and South.
B) "Freedom petitions" were presented by slaves in New England beginning in the early 1770s.
C) Many blacks were surprised that white America did not realize their rhetoric of revolution demanded emancipation.
D) After the Revolution, emancipation in the North was swift and all-encompassing.
E) The number of runaway slaves, as measured by newspaper advertisements, rose dramatically.

Question 47

The men who served in the Revolution through militias were empowered and demanded certain rights, thereby establishing the tradition that service in the army enabled excluded groups to stake a claim to full citizenship.

Question 48

The men who led the Revolution from start to finish were, by and large, members of the American elite.

Question 49

Who was Phillis Wheatley?

A) a poet who wrote about how African-Americans felt about freedom
B) a fund-raiser for the Ladies' Association, whose efforts fed nearly starving men at Valley Forge
C) a pamphleteer whose ringing protests reminded Bostonians that women, too, cared about liberty
D) a woman who, disguised as a man, died while fighting during the Yorktown campaign
E) a slave who helped dozens of other slaves escape to freedom behind British lines

Question 50

Which settlement in Africa did the British establish for former slaves from the United States?

A) Liberia
B) Sierra Leone
C) Monrovia
D) Ghana
E) Benin

Question 51

Who publically referred to slavery as a "national crime" that would one day bring "national punishment"?

A) Thomas Jefferson
B) Joseph Brant
C) Lord Dunmore
D) George Washington
E) Benjamin Rush

Question 52

Thomas Jefferson's declaration that "all men are created equal" did not radically alter society.

Question 53

Until New Jersey added the word "male" to its constitutional definition of a voter in 1807, some of the state's women enjoyed suffrage rights.

Question 54

The property qualification for voting was hotly debated during the 1770s and 1780s.

Question 55

"Republican motherhood" was an ideology that held:

A) women should be granted suffrage rights.
B) women played an indispensable role in the new nation by training future citizens.
C) Thomas Jefferson's Republican Party represented maternal interests better than its opponents did.
D) education was wasted on women, who should only worry about having many children to populate the republic.
E) political equality of the sexes fit a republican society.

Question 56

Which of the following was NOT a way in which women contributed to the Revolutionary cause?

A) participating in crowd actions against merchants accused of hoarding goods
B) contributing homemade goods to the army
C) replacing their husbands in political offices
D) spying on the British army
E) fighting in the war

Question 57

Which statement about gender and politics in the Revolutionary era is FALSE?

A) The winning of independence did not alter the law of family inherited from Britain.
B) In both law and social reality, women lacked the essential qualification of political participation.
C) In appreciation for their invaluable contribution to the war effort, women were allowed universal suffrage.
D) Many women who entered public debate felt the need to apologize for their forthrightness.
E) Most men considered women to be naturally submissive and irrational and therefore unfit for citizenship.

Question 58

After the Revolution, African-Americans in the North:

A) often wound up in a state similar to that of indentured servitude.
B) began fleeing to the South when they saw that the new states would not approve emancipation.
C) benefited greatly from the popularity of manumission (or voluntary emancipation of slaves by whites).
D) were happy that the process of abolition under the new state constitutions meant that all current slaves would be free during their lifetimes.
E) were unable to establish their own institutions because their numbers were too low.

Question 59

Republican motherhood encouraged:

A) greater educational opportunities for women.
B) a radical change in the patriarchal structure of the family.
C) women to become public speakers for various social causes in the 1780s.
D) widespread resentment among women.
E) a significant increase in women's direct involvement in politics in the 1780s.

Question 60

Part of the philosophy of the Revolution was embracing the principle of hereditary aristocracy.

Question 61

Nearly every state constitution adopted in the 1770s and 1780s allowed Jews to vote and hold public office.

Question 62

"Freedom" had not played a major part in Indians' vocabulary before the Revolution, but after the war, freedom meant defending their own independence and retaining possession of their land.

Question 63

When America's first Roman Catholic bishop, James Carroll of Maryland, visited Boston in 1791, he was greeted by an angry mob chanting anti-Catholic slurs.

Question 64

The idea of republican motherhood encouraged direct female involvement in politics.

Question 65

After the war, abolition of slavery in the North was swift and applied to all slaves.

Question 66

There were very few religious denominations created after the Revolutionary War.

Question 67

In spite of the revolutionary rhetoric of freedom, indentured servitude was still widely practiced in the northern states by 1800.

Question 68

During the American Revolutionary War, the buying and selling of slaves was temporarily halted.

Question 69

Despite the rhetoric of religious freedom, many states had limitations on religious freedom, such as limiting office holding to Protestants.

Question 70

Adam Smith's argument that the "invisible hand" of the free market directed economic life more effectively and fairly than governmental intervention offered intellectual justification for those who believed that the economy should be left to regulate itself.

Question 71

For those Loyalists who remained in the United States after the war, hostility toward them proved to be long and intense.

Question 72

Britain eventually paid compensation to some Americans after the war who claimed they had been improperly deprived of their slave property.

Question 73

Because Americans were preoccupied with war, religious liberty was a rather peripheral issue in the 1770s and 1780s.

Question 74

The irony that America cried for liberty while enslaving Africans was not lost on some British observers like Dr. Samuel Johnson.

Question 75

As one of the few southern white elite men who did not own slaves, Thomas Jefferson was able to honestly declare that all men had inalienable rights.

Question 76

The War of Independence weakened the deep tradition of American anti-Catholicism.

Question 77

The American victory in the Revolution marked a new era of expanding freedom for Indians living east of the Mississippi River.

Question 78

The ideas of the American Revolution took decades to spread across the globe and effect change.

Question 79

During the American Revolutionary period, slavery for the first time became a focus of public debate.

Question 80

In the Upper South, a considerable number of slaveholders emancipated their slaves.