Deck 16: Globalization in a Changing World

Question 1

Jared Diamond argued that there are five factors that contributed to the collapse of Rwandan society.Among these five,he emphasizes:

A)environmental factors
B)economic factors
C)political and cultural factors
D)warfare
E)none of the above

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The growth of jobs in the retail and food service sector and the decline in manufacturing jobs is referred to as:

A)service society
B)industrial society
C)information society
D)low-wage society
E)contingent labor society

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Jared Diamond's explanation of the collapse of Rwandan society is criticized for placing too much emphasis on:

A)ethnic tensions
B)cultural and political explanations at the expense of environmental factors
C)environmental factors at the expense of the political and cultural factors
D)the government
E)none of the above

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In a knowledge-based economy,many industrial workers have been left unemployed and without the skills required to find good jobs.This is due to:

A)new social problems, such as long-term unemployment
B)new types of education, which are training workers for the knowledge economy
C)long-standing employment patterns
D)global trade and new forms of technology
E)all of the above

Question 5

Globalization affects which part of our daily lives?

A)our work patterns
B)our sense of individualism
C)popular culture
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 6

The most far-reaching economic influence on social change has been the:

A)technology of the agrarian revolution
B)invention of the wheel
C)technology encouraged by capitalism
D)invention of money
E)effects of the warfare

Question 7

Which of the following factors has consistently influenced social change over time?

A)the physical environment
B)political organization
C)cultural factors
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 8

Capitalism stimulates social change in an unprecedented way because it:

A)involves the constant expansion of production
B)involves the ever-increasing accumulation of wealth
C)promotes constant revision of the technology of production, which increasingly draws science into the process
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 9

The process of ________ means that our lives are influenced by people,organizations,and events around the world.

A)globalization
B)social change
C)warfare
D)protesting
E)economic decline

Question 10

Samuel's father was laid off from his job at the auto part manufacturing plant after it closed.Samuel currently works at Starbucks,and he is going to night school at the local community college to learn computer programming.Samuel's experience reflects which of the following:

A)service society
B)industrial society
C)information society
D)both a and b
E)both a and c

Question 11

Globalization is:

A)rapidly diminishing the amount of human interaction
B)a single world order with increasing interdependence
C)simply the expansion of a global economy
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 12

Which of the following is included in the cultural factors that might influence social change?

A)religion
B)communication systems
C)spread of popular culture
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 13

Transformation of the social institutions and culture of a society over time is called:

A)forced change
B)social continuation
C)social change
D)evolution
E)collective behavior

Question 14

What role has the modern state played in the process of globalization?

A)encouraging protests
B)speeding up patterns of change in the modern world
C)being less involved in social life and the economy
D)limiting the movement of people through immigration policy
E)none of the above; the modern state has not played a major role

Question 15

Which of the following is the best example of social change?

A)more people buying homes at a younger age
B)changing your clothes each day and washing them in a washing machine
C)fewer social events on college campuses today
D)the growing interconnection of national economies around the world
E)the decline of beer consumption around the world

Question 16

The manufacture of material goods is no longer the basis of production in many countries today.What is?

A)the consumption of material goods
B)the development and dissemination of information and knowledge
C)agriculture
D)warfare
E)fishing

Question 17

In a postindustrial society,professionals such as lawyers,engineers,and computer programmers will become the leading groups in society because,according to Daniel Bell,they possess and disseminate what?

A)post-secondary degrees
B)a global value system
C)nanotechnology
D)codified information
E)none of the above

Question 18

Which term has been used to describe the new society that is no longer based on industrialism?

A)information society
B)service society
C)knowledge society
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 19

Some sociologists,such as Juergensmeyer,believe that the biggest cultural conflicts in the twenty-first century will be between those who believe that truth is derived from __________ versus those who believe it is derived from __________.

A)religious faith; science
B)religious faith; political leadership
C)political leadership; science
D)modern state; religious faith
E)democracy; theocracy

Question 20

Your textbook defines social change as:

A)the transformation of the physical world
B)the increase in protests around the world
C)the transformation of social institutions and culture of a society over time
D)social order in social institutions
E)social transformations caused by natural forces

Question 21

According to Karl Marx,the primary source of conflict that leads to revolution is:

A)change in the forces of production
B)change in the minds of the bourgeoisie
C)change in the minds of the proletariat
D)the political system
E)religion

Question 22

Seen as a unique product of late modern society,__________ differ significantly in methods,motivations,and orientations from the collective action of earlier times.

A)liberal democracies
B)nation-states
C)civil society goals
D)new social movements
E)welfare states

Question 23

Participation in new social movements is seen as __________ whereby participants make a statement about who they are.

A)"social obligation"
B)"moral expression"
C)"personal expression"
D)"expressive logic"
E)"civic engagement"

Question 24

According to Neil Smelser,social movements are motivated by:

A)political breakdown
B)clashes of goals
C)an inspirational leader
D)a response to social conditions
E)none of the above

Question 25

According to Alain Touraine's theory of social movements,the reason there are more social movements in the modern world is because:

A)social movements are irrational responses to social injustices
B)individuals and groups believe that social movements are an effective way to reshape society
C)people can communicate more easily with the Internet
D)social movements almost always become institutionalized
E)people are more likely to work in groups

Question 26

According to Charles Tilly,mobilization is one of the main factors of collective action.Mobilization is:

A)how word of social protests spreads
B)a type of social protest
C)the size of the crowd
D)how people are transported to protest sites
E)the ways in which a group acquires sufficient resources to make collective action possible

Question 27

American society has a strong set of noneconomic institutions,and most people socialize and interact in spaces structured by family,community associations,and schools.Therefore,according to sociologists,American society has a strong:

A)anti-market belief system
B)civil society
C)institutional control structure
D)protest culture
E)institutional bias

Question 28

A collective attempt to further a common interest or secure a common goal through action outside the sphere of established institutions is:

A)a social movement
B)collective behavior
C)a riot
D)revolution
E)war

Question 29

Alain Touraine's concept of "historicity" in reference to social movements means:

A)one must understand the past of urban areas to understand the present
B)there are more social movements in the modern world because individuals and groups know that social activism can be used to achieve social goals and to reshape society
C)social movements are generally furthered by people whose emotions are totally out of control
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 30

Postindustrial society is one based on the production of ________ rather than material goods.

A)information
B)food
C)services
D)financial goods
E)computers

Question 31

According to Alain Touraine's theory of social movements,the connections between a social movement and the forces or influences opposing it are referred to as:

A)network conflict
B)mutual compromise
C)the field of action
D)social movement institutionalization
E)social change

Question 32

Many contemporary social movements,such as the Arab Spring,rely heavily on:

A)information technology
B)unions
C)riots
D)violence
E)none of the above

Question 33

New social movements are at the heart of __________,the sphere between the state and the marketplace occupied by family,community associations,and other noneconomic institutions.

A)civil society
B)structural strain
C)institutional control
D)social mobilization
E)relative deprivation

Question 34

Which of the following is a component of collective action,according to Charles Tilly?

A)organization
B)mobilization
C)common interests
D)opportunity
E)all of the above

Question 35

James Davies argues that relative deprivation,not absolute deprivation,is what motivates revolution.Relative deprivation is the discrepancy between:

A)those who believe society should be guided by religious faith and those who believe that capitalism should be the focus
B)those who own the means of production and workers
C)the educated and those with less skills
D)the lives people are forced to lead and what they think could realistically be achieved
E)none of the above

Question 36

The belief that society is constantly in flux and that there is no "grand narrative" that guides society is called:

A)postindustrialism
B)postmodernism
C)historicity
D)posthistoricity
E)progressivism

Question 37

Which of the following might be labeled a new social movement rather than a conventional social movement?

A)union movement
B)gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender movement
C)democracy movement
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 38

According to Daniel Bell,the white-collar worker is the most essential type of employee in:

A)technology society
B)industrial society
C)postindustrial society
D)urban society
E)agricultural society

Question 39

Who would argue that there is no such thing as history?

A)postmodernists
B)postindustrialists
C)skeptics
D)religious extremists
E)transformationalists

Question 40

What would be an example of a precipitating factor in Neil Smelser's theory of social movements?

A)Tunisian street vendor Mohamed Bouazizi setting himself on fire in protest of the local police's confiscation of his wares
B)demonstration and riots in Tunisia
C)the spread of social movements labeled the "Arab Spring"
D)the overthrow of Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi
E)the use of the Internet to organize social movements

Question 41

Which of the following perspectives on globalization believes that globalization is challenging the power of nation-states?

A)the hyperglobalizers
B)the transformationalists
C)the skeptics
D)the believers
E)the transitionists

Question 42

According to transformationalists,globalization is a dynamic and open process that is subject to influence and change.Which attributes are associated with this view?

A)Globalization is a two-way flow of images, information, and influences.
B)Globalization is a decentered and self-aware process characterized by links and cultural flows that work in a multidimensional way.
C)We no longer live in a state-centric world; instead, governments must adopt a more active outward-looking stance because of the process of globalization.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 43

According to globalization "skeptics," compared with patterns of trade a century ago:

A)the world economy has not changed much
B)the world economy is more global and less regionalized
C)the world economy is less global and more regionalized
D)there is less trade because there are too many different types of currency
E)there is less trade because of difficulties communicating because of the many languages spoken around the world

Question 44

Among the political changes contributing to the intensification of globalization has been the growing influence of:

A)international and regional mechanisms of government
B)intergovernmental organizations
C)international nongovernmental organizations
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 45

Globalization has the biggest impact on work patterns through:

A)new patterns of international trade
B)a move toward a knowledge economy
C)the growth of service sector jobs
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 46

In recent years,participants in social movements have shown an ability to do something that is particularly worrisome to oppressive governments.This is the ability to:

A)develop charismatic leadership
B)coordinate international political campaigns by using the Internet and other technology
C)make phone calls to their elected representatives
D)charter buses to transport demonstrators to rallies
E)organize big petition drives in major metropolitan centers

Question 47

In terms of people's working lives,globalization makes it more likely that individuals will experience:

A)a labor market that values skills in manual labor
B)a career in the manufacturing industry
C)working for one company over the course of their lives
D)a self-made career path, with several employment changes over their lifetime
E)none of the above

Question 48

According to the text,globalization is being driven by the integration of the world economy,which is now dominated by activity that is weightless.This weightless economy is one in which products have their basis in:

A)the Internet
B)service
C)information
D)consumption
E)financial services

Question 49

Which perspective in the globalization debate argues that regionalization within the world economy produces less integration and that national governments continue to play a vital role in the economy?

A)the skeptics
B)the hyperglobalizers
C)the transformationalists
D)the critics
E)the anti-globalizers

Question 50

According to the text,among the most significant political causes of globalization was:

A)the development of a socialist alternative to the capitalist world market
B)the rise of Islamic fundamentalism as a response to Western political influence in the Arab world
C)the collapse of the Soviet bloc and the end of isolation for the former second world
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 51

In the past,humans experienced famine and floods,or __________; today,as a result of globalization,humans now face __________ created by the effects of our own knowledge and technology on the natural world.

A)external risk; manufactured risk
B)manufactured risk; external risk
C)natural risk; manufactured risk
D)hyper-risk; manufactured risk
E)evolutionary risk; global risk

Question 52

Which perspective on globalization,exemplified by Kenichi Ohmae,argues that globalization is producing a borderless world in which national governments are no longer in control of their own economies?

A)the skeptics
B)the hyperglobalizers
C)the transformationalists
D)the critics
E)the hyperventilators

Question 53

According to the transformationalist perspective on globalization,the political structures of countries are adapting to challenges from:

A)new forms of economic and social organization
B)a declining world economy
C)resistant citizens
D)terrorist organizations
E)an increase in wars around the world

Question 54

Jon and Huong are friends attending college in different states.They keep in contact through e-mail,instant messaging,and social networking Web sites.Based on this example,technology has the capacity to do what?

A)overcome cultural differences
B)link economic and cultural gains
C)overcome the move toward the service economy
D)create interdependence
E)compress time and space

Question 55

The biggest contribution to accelerating and deepening the process of globalization has been made by the rapid development and diffusion of __________ technologies,which have enhanced the so-called compression of time and space.

A)communication
B)transportation
C)manufacturing
D)accounting
E)energy

Question 56

Some sociologists worry that globalization is leading to the creation of a global culture in which the values of the most powerful and affluent overwhelm the strength of local customs and tradition.This process is called:

A)hyperglobalization
B)cultural imperialism
C)Westernization
D)differentiation
E)hybrid identity formation

Question 57

Hurricane Katrina devastated New Orleans and other parts of the Gulf Coast.The government response to Hurricane Katrina created a social problem; however,according to sociologists the hurricane itself is considered a:

A)manufactured risk
B)external risk
C)natural risk
D)environmental disaster
E)social issue

Question 58

Which of the following is the best example of a transnational corporation?

A)a software company in Silicon Valley that employs about 200 people from around the United States using telecommuting technology
B)College Cleaners, the janitorial service that cleans the university buildings
C)Gooden, Brogan, Cangas, and Romero, a law firm with two thousand employees in three countries
D)Max's Grille and Bar, a small bistro about two miles from your house
E)none of the above

Question 59

Transnational corporations account for __________ of all world trade.

A)two-thirds
B)one-third
C)half
D)nine-tenths
E)one-tenth

Question 60

Which perspective in the globalization debate takes a middle position and sees many old patterns persisting while the broader global order is being transformed in a dynamic process that is open to influence and change?

A)the skeptics
B)the hyperglobalizers
C)the critics
D)the transformationalists
E)the hyperventilators

Question 61

Discuss the cultural impacts of globalization.Do you think these are more a matter of "cultural imperialism" or "fragmentation of cultural forms"? Justify your position.

Question 62

Compare and contrast the ways in which the "global justice movement" and organizations like the World Trade Organization view the relationship between free trade and global inequality.Which view do you agree with and why?

Question 63

According to Daniel Bell,we are entering a phase of development beyond the industrial era called the "postindustrial society." Discuss the changes that have brought about a postindustrial society and what characterizes such a society.

Question 64

The World Trade Organization protesters argue that trade rules should be oriented,first and foremost,to protecting __________,not to ensuring larger profits for already rich corporations.

A)human rights
B)the environment
C)labor rights
D)local economies
E)all of the above

Question 65

The increased risk of skin cancer is a manufactured risk that is likely related to:

A)people not wearing enough sunscreen
B)mad cow disease
C)the depletion of the ozone layer
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 66

What are the four major influences on social change in modern history? Which of these influences do you think has the largest impact on social change today? Use examples to support your answer.

Question 67

Which of the following is an example of the World Trade Organization ruling in favor of profits and against human rights?

A)It voted to allow Monsanto to dispose of chemical waste in Newfoundland Sound.
B)It insisted that European countries import beef from the United States even though U.S.beef is treated with potentially carcinogenic hormones.
C)It demanded that African countries pay a tariff for importing non-brand name drugs.
D)It asked the United Nations to send troops to protect World Trade Organization members against the onslaught of violent protesters.
E)It removed twenty-five countries as members because their economic expansion lagged behind that of other countries.

Question 68

According to Ulrich Beck,globalization brings about a "risk society." Explain a "risk society" and the kinds of risks that are being "manufactured." What specific risks are you most concerned about? Why?

Question 69

Those who are critical of the World Trade Organization claim it is:

A)undemocratic
B)more concerned with corporate profits than human rights
C)dominated by the United States
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 70

What role do social movements play in social change? Using the Arab Spring as an example,explain how globalization has affected social movements.

Question 71

How would you best describe the gap in economic growth between the poorest and the richest countries?

A)Technological changes have allowed the poorest countries to catch up to their wealthier neighbors.
B)The disparity between the developed and the developing worlds widened steadily over the course of the twentieth century and is now the largest it has ever been.
C)The gap between the world's richest and poorest countries has narrowed significantly in the last twenty-five years.
D)The increase in international trade has made the gap between the richest and poorest countries almost disappear.
E)The United States and other wealthy countries have provided resources to poorer countries, which has resulted in a gap of minimal consequence.

Question 72

According to postmodernists,there is "no such thing as history." What do they mean by this statement? Do you agree or disagree with their view of globalization?

Question 73

Explain how information technology and the flow of information play a role in propelling the process of globalization.

Question 74

Which of the following would be considered a manufactured risk according to German sociologist Ulrich Beck?

A)Florida being pummeled with four hurricanes during 2004
B)the 1979 Three Mile Island nuclear disaster in Pennsylvania
C)the devastation caused by Hurricane Katrina
D)the smog and toxic gases released by the eruption of Washington State's Mount St.Helens in 1980 and 2004
E)the destruction of Pompeii

Question 75

Compare and contrast the three perspectives in the globalization debate.Which position do you find most compelling? Why?

Question 76

A 2006 study conducted by the World Institute for Development Economics Research of the United Nations University found that the richest 1 percent of adults in the world owned __________ of global assets in the year 2000,yet the bottom half of the world adult population owned barely __________.

A)40 percent; 20 percent
B)70 percent; 1 percent
C)10 percent; 10 percent
D)50 percent; 50 percent
E)40 percent; 1 percent

Question 77

Globalization is an uneven process,and because of this,the disparity between the developed world and the developing world is:

A)greater than ever
B)decreasing rapidly
C)growing but is still less than it was in the nineteenth century
D)slowly shrinking
E)none of the above; globalization has little effect on the development of countries

Question 78

According to Charles Tilly's model,what are the four main components of collective action? Provide detailed examples of each component to fully illustrate your understanding of Tilly's model.