Deck 4: Social Interaction and Everyday Life in the Age of the Internet

Question 1

Maria's friend posted an unflattering picture of her from a Halloween party on Facebook.Maria was embarrassed and quickly took it down since she is friends with many coworkers on Facebook.This is an example of:

A)impression management
B)social role management
C)inappropriate behavior
D)insecurity
E)image management

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The exchange of information about human emotion through facial expressions,gestures,and movements of the body is called:

A)nonverbal communication
B)harassment
C)the compulsion of proximity
D)civil inattention
E)emoticon

Answer 2

A

Question 3

With email it is difficult to capture dimensions of emotional expressions that are only present in facial expressions and with body language.For example,Jane sent her boss an email suggesting that she begin a performance review to see if she was ready for a raise.Her boss replied angrily in an email that Jane was out of line and that she would give her a performance review at the same time as other employees.Face-to-face communication may have helped Jane avoid upsetting her boss by:

A)allowing her to pressure her boss by looking her straight in the eye
B)allowing her to make her boss feel guilty by saying no to her face
C)allowing Jane to claim gender discrimination without putting it in writing
D)allowing her to subtly try out the idea of a performance review and evaluate her boss's body language before suggesting she was ready for a raise
E)none of the above; face-to-face communication would not have made a difference

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Gestures and body postures that are an important part of nonverbal communication are:

A)universal and the same in all cultures
B)not universal and the same in all cultures
C)unique to each person
D)embedded in our DNA
E)disappearing with the Internet

Question 5

Civil inattention is defined as:

A)acknowledging the presence of others but avoiding interaction
B)totally ignoring the presence of others
C)acting rude and inappropriate
D)pretending you do not know someone that you have met before
E)not paying attention in class but not being disruptive

Question 6

Almost __________ of all adult Americans use some kind of social networking site.

A)75 percent
B)25 percent
C)90 percent
D)50 percent
E)none of the above

Question 7

According to Erving Goffman,reality is not fixed or static but created through:

A)mass media
B)human ideas
C)human interactions
D)human mistakes
E)events

Question 8

According to Erving Goffman,social interaction is like:

A)playing basketball in a gym
B)playing baseball in a stadium
C)swimming in a pool
D)performing a play in a theater
E)drinking coffee in a coffeehouse

Question 9

Which of the following would NOT be classified as civil inattention?

A)riding the bus to class and reading a book
B)waiting in line at the ATM and talking on the phone
C)selecting a seat in a large lecture hall where you do not know your fellow students
D)working on a group project but contributing very little and letting others do the work
E)walking across campus listening to your iPod

Question 10

The research by Paul Ekman and W.V.Friesan show that the modes of human emotional expression:

A)vary across cultures
B)change as we grow older
C)are the same among all human beings
D)are very similar to other mammals
E)have changed significantly in the last 50 years

Question 11

Two people are standing together in an elevator,but they do not speak to each other or look each other in the eye.Erving Goffman called this type of interaction:

A)sociological interaction
B)social attention
C)civil inattention
D)uncivil behavior
E)social recognition

Question 12

Wearing a new dress on a first date is an example of:

A)sexuality
B)social status
C)impression management
D)social interaction
E)conformity

Question 13

According to Charles Darwin,basic human emotional expressions:

A)are exactly the same as the basic emotional expressions of primates
B)are the same in all human beings
C)vary widely, depending on the culture one is in
D)are learned and vary among cultures
E)should not be studied since they do not affect evolution

Question 14

When a CEO wears a suit and tie to a board meeting and later in the day changes into jeans and a T-shirt to attend a football event with friends,he is engaging in:

A)social costuming
B)impression management
C)social positioning
D)false impressions
E)role management

Question 15

The study of social interaction shows:

A)how behavior is shaped and guided by social forces, such as roles and norms
B)how individuals shape their social reality, including social forces such as roles and norms
C)how individual behavior is neither fixed nor unstructured
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 16

Infants have facial expressions similar to those of:

A)adults
B)primates
C)children under three years old
D)older people over eighty
E)all baby mammals

Question 17

According to Erving Goffman,one of the reasons it is important to study subtle day-to-day interactions is because:

A)it helps with national security
B)it makes us informed voters
C)we can learn a great deal about ourselves as human beings
D)it can inform us about political and military strategy
E)we can learn how to make more money

Question 18

People use impression management to:

A)trick others into believing they have more status than they do
B)compel others to react to them in ways they wish
C)be good actors
D)make sure their body language matches their intentions
E)none of the above; people are not conscious of impression management

Question 19

Individuals occupy:

A)only one social role at a time
B)many social roles at a time
C)one social role at home and one social role at work or school
D)only one social role their whole life
E)one social role when they are children and one social role when they are adults

Question 20

The sociologist who developed the field of microsociology and emphasized the importance of understanding the "seemingly trivial" was:

A)Erving Goffman
B)Max Weber
C)Émile Durkheim
D)Karl Marx
E)Elijah Anderson

Question 21

In order to understand a conversation,we need to understand __________,which is why electronic communication such as email or text messaging can lead to miscommunication.

A)the social context
B)the language
C)what the participants look like
D)the emoticons
E)the names of the participants

Question 22

Trevor takes the subway to and from work.He usually wears his headphones and listens to his music on the subway.He is careful not to bump shoulders with the passengers next to him when he is standing on the crowded train.Trevor engages in __________ on the subway.

A)social positioning
B)focused interaction
C)impression management
D)unfocused interaction
E)nonverbal talk

Question 23

As a medical doctor,Enrique has the privilege of being called Dr.Chavez.This is because our society gives high __________ to medical doctors.

A)occupation position
B)wages
C)status
D)expectations
E)social award

Question 24

The social honor or prestige accorded to a group of people by society is called:

A)status
B)social role
C)privilege
D)expectation
E)social award

Question 25

People engage in __________ to reconcile their role in one part of life with their role in another part of their social world.

A)gender segregation
B)audience segregation
C)social management
D)deception
E)role swapping

Question 26

When Jane arrived at the party,her friend Alyssa came over immediately to say hello.According to Erving Goffman,this is an example of:

A)friendship
B)focused interaction
C)unfocused interaction
D)insecurity
E)impression management

Question 27

While grocery shopping,you run into your sociology professor.This creates an awkward interaction since you are not used to seeing her outside of class and you are not sure how to behave.The interaction is awkward because it violated your:

A)audience segregation
B)status position
C)sense of self
D)stress-free space
E)unfocused interaction

Question 28

Ethnomethodology is the study of:

A)how people sustain meaningful interactions with each other
B)how people learn language
C)the methods sociologists use
D)extraordinary social events that occur over space and time
E)different culture

Question 29

Arrive to class on time,raise your hand before speaking,turn in assignments on time-these expectations are part of the __________ of students.

A)status marker
B)social role
C)stereotype
D)identity
E)category

Question 30

Which of the following would NOT be a case in which both focused and unfocused interaction are likely to occur?

A)an individual watching TV alone
B)the parking lot before a football game
C)a lunchtime crowd in a university cafeteria
D)the first day of a university class
E)an airplane trip

Question 31

An example of audience segregation is:

A)being openly gay at home but being "straight" at work for fear of discrimination
B)inviting both spouses' families over for a holiday even though they are uncomfortable around each other
C)keeping two of your friends who do not like each other apart at a party
D)making sure that your white and black friends never meet each other
E)taking a friend to a concert to introduce her to music she has never heard before

Question 32

Unfocused interaction is when people:

A)ignore each other completely in a small space
B)exhibit mutual awareness but do not engage in face-to-face interaction
C)demonstrate how they perceive others through body language
D)communicate over email or text message
E)are engaged in conversation but are not really paying attention to each other

Question 33

Another term for social status is:

A)social impression
B)social role
C)social marker
D)social class
E)social position

Question 34

The social positions that a person occupies determines that person's:

A)social roles
B)ideas
C)gender
D)racial identity
E)status markers

Question 35

Encounters always need __________,which indicate(s)that civil inattention is being discarded and focused interaction will begin.

A)impression management
B)discussion
C)openings
D)flirtations
E)response cries

Question 36

Social positions can be both general and specific.Which of the following is an example of a general social position in American society?

A)politician
B)doctor
C)gender
D)father
E)student

Question 37

Encounters are face-to-face interactions with one or more other people.In modern societies,most of the encounters we have are with:

A)our best friends
B)people we do not like
C)coworkers
D)our family members
E)strangers

Question 38

Social positions can be both general and specific.Which of the following is an example of a specific social position in American society?

A)race
B)doctor
C)gender
D)sexual orientation
E)ethnicity

Question 39

You may be a sibling,a spouse,a student,an employee,and a parent.These are called:

A)social roles
B)stereotypes
C)occupations
D)social positions
E)impressions

Question 40

Socially defined expectations of a person in a given social position are referred to as:

A)status positions
B)social roles
C)markers of inequality
D)prejudices
E)stereotypes

Question 41

The technique used to examine the organized principles of talk is called:

A)survey analysis
B)language studies
C)conversation analysis
D)talk analysis
E)semiotics

Question 42

The measuring of time by clocks is standard around the world today.World standard time was first introduced in:

A)the 1900s
B)the early 2000s
C)the 1600s
D)the 1800s
E)none of the above; there is no standard world time

Question 43

Harold Garfinkel founded the field of __________,the study of micro interaction.

A)language studies
B)ethnomethodology
C)symbolic studies
D)communications
E)micro studies

Question 44

Which of the following is an example of the compulsion of proximity?

A)John and Irma went to high school together and reconnected on Facebook.
B)Maria and Thomas met online and communicated using email, text messages, and the phone on a regular basis, but they did not feel a real connection until they met in person for the first time over coffee.
C)Trevor and Alyssa broke up, and now they dislike having to see each other in their sociology class.
D)Travis and Alma do not know each other, but the bus they are on is very crowded, which forces them to rub shoulders
E)None of the above is correct.

Question 45

Throughout our day we alternate our activities and where they take place according to what sociologists call:

A)time-space
B)space continuum
C)time-mood
D)social expectations
E)time expectations

Question 46

Interactional vandalism,such as when men on the street call out to and follow women,is likely to have the affect of:

A)challenging status positions
B)encouraging violence
C)supporting status positions
D)breaking down audience segregation
E)starting fistfights

Question 47

The scenario in which a young woman sleeps from midnight to 5a.m.in her apartment bedroom,eats breakfast in her kitchen from 6 to 6:30a.m.,works in her law office from 8:30a.m.to 5 p.m.,has dinner with her friends from 5:30 to 7:30 p.m.,and then returns to her apartment to watch TV illustrates the sociological concept of:

A)work-time
B)regionalization
C)time maximization
D)spatial-social movement
E)constructionism

Question 48

Edward T.Hall identifies how many zones for personal space?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)infinite, since we define acceptable personal space based on each person we encounter

Question 49

A street vendor tries to sell products to people by walking next to them and putting the products in people's line of vision.As he does so,people ignore him and avert their eyes.This is an example of:

A)rudeness
B)ethnomethodology
C)civil inattention
D)social avoidance
E)interactional vandalism

Question 50

Interactional vandalism is defined as:

A)a subordinate person breaking the tacit rules of interaction
B)a high-status person refusing to interact
C)two people having a miscommunication
D)social avoidance
E)leaving an emotional scar on someone

Question 51

Regionalization is the idea that social life is separated into regional settings or zones.These social zones are separated physically,such as a kitchen and a bedroom,but also by:

A)time
B)income
C)modern architectural design
D)interior design principles
E)constructionism

Question 52

Ethnomethodology is the study of __________,which every person uses in day-to-day life to make sense of what others do.

A)the nonintrusive recognition of others
B)interviews
C)ethnic clothing
D)social management
E)ethnomethods

Question 53

In modern societies large-scale social institutions are organized by __________,which allows for the precise timing of activities.

A)clock-time
B)managers
C)time maximization
D)time-rules
E)the Internet

Question 54

According to Harold Garfinkel,people use __________ to structure and organize everyday conversation.

A)formal grammar
B)background expectancies
C)deceptive tactics
D)facial expressions
E)political motives

Question 55

Acceptable personal space is determined by which of the following?

A)what is normal in our culture
B)the degree of familiarity you have with the person
C)whether the relationship with the person is a formal or informal one
D)the goal of the social interaction
E)all of the above

Question 56

During a dinner at a fancy restaurant,a young woman knocks over a glass of water as she reaches for the salt.As the water soaks the tablecloth she exclaims,"Oops,sorry!" This is an example of a:

A)response cry
B)reflex cry
C)status marker
D)social cover up
E)simple reflex

Question 57

Sociologists Deirdre Boden and Harvey Molotch argue that even with the growth of electronic communication such as text messaging and email,people have a strong need to interact in each other's presence.They call this concept:

A)focused interaction
B)compulsion of proximity
C)impression management
D)social status
E)social interaction

Question 58

Our actions throughout the day are generally organized according to both the time of day and:

A)information
B)other people
C)mood
D)space
E)social status

Question 59

Response cries,according to Erving Goffman,are an example of what he calls:

A)human overreaction
B)universal responses
C)getting others to feel sorry for one's failures
D)controlled alertness
E)rapid communication

Question 60

According to Edward T.Hall,which zone of personal space is most acceptable during an encounter with your spouse or romantic partner?

A)touching distance
B)public distance
C)social distance
D)personal distance
E)intimate distance

Question 61

The sociologist Carol Brooks Gardner linked the harassment of women by men to the larger system of male privilege in public spaces,women's physical vulnerability,and the omnipresent threat of rape.Her analysis of these interactions shows the importance of linking __________ and __________ to understand social interaction.

A)microsociology; discrimination
B)harassment; violence
C)norms; actions
D)microsociology; macrosociology
E)macrosociology; privilege

Question 62

What is interactional vandalism? Give an example.Why does interactional vandalism create problems in everyday interaction and conversation?

Question 63

According to Elijah Anderson's research,interactional tensions derive from outside social statuses such as:

A)race
B)gender
C)class
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 64

What is the compulsion of proximity? Explain how the increase in electronic communication affects the compulsion of proximity.Use examples.

Question 65

In Elijah Anderson's book Streetwise: Race,Class,and Change in an Urban Community (1990),he noted that studying everyday life sheds light on how social order is created by the individual building blocks of:

A)macro-level institutions
B)prejudice and racism
C)impression management
D)micro-level interactions
E)none of the above

Question 66

Using the concept of regionalization,explain how time and space shaped your social activities and interactions in the last 24 hours.

Question 67

Use an example from your own experience to explain how our day-to-day social interactions are shaped by gender and racial hierarchies and in turn reinforce those same hierarchies.

Question 68

What is civil inattention? Using the example of a crowded public bus,explain how individuals on the bus might engage in civil inattention.

Question 69

The verbal harassment of a single woman by a group of men as she walks past a construction site can be examined as a social interaction but must also be understood as part of a larger system of:

A)gendered behavior
B)gender inequality
C)politeness norms
D)social control
E)shared understandings

Question 70

Using the example of fans watching a football game at your college stadium,explain how individuals would be engaged in both unfocused and focused interaction with others.Discuss the appropriate terms used by Erving Goffman and other sociologists to analyze such situations.

Question 71

What is impression management? Give an example of how a college student engages in impression management when interacting with professors.

Question 72

As of July 2011,Facebook had 750 million active users.Explain how electronic technology such as Facebook affects audience segregation.Be sure to define audience segregation.

Question 73

According to sociologists,in what ways do individuals communicate their emotions to each other? Explain how technology altered some of the ways in which individuals communicate their emotions?

Question 74

According to sociologists,all of us have multiple social roles.What are your social roles,and how are they related to your social position?