Deck 3: The Cellular Level of Organization

Question 1

Some cells contain large numbers of mitochondria while others have relatively few or none. This suggests that

A) cells with small numbers of mitochondria have a large ATP supply.
B) cells with large numbers of mitochondria have a low energy demand.
C) some cells are older than others.
D) cells with large numbers of mitochondria are short- lived.
E) cells with large numbers of mitochondria have a high energy demand.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Organelles that absorb and neutralize drugs and toxins are

A) endocytic vesicles.
B) peroxisomes.
C) lysosomes.
D) toxisomes.
E) nuclei

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The intake of small membrane vesicles from the extracellular fluid is called

A) an ion exchange pump.
B) endocytosis.
C) facilitated transport.
D) active transport.
E) osmosis.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A process that requires cellular energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient is called

A) diffusion.
B) osmosis.
C) facilitated transport.
D) passive transport.
E) active transport.

Question 5

Membrane proteins perform which of the following functions?

A) receptors
B) enzymes
C) recognition
D) anchoring
E) all of the above

Question 6

The mRNA sequence that is complementary to the sequence ATC on DNA is

A) AUC.
B) TAG.
C) AUG.
D) ATC.
E) UAG.

Question 7

The principal cations in our body fluids are _ and .

A) sodium; calcium
B) sodium; chloride
C) calcium; magnesium
D) sodium; potassium
E) chloride; bicarbonate

Question 8

Compared to the extracellular fluid, cytosol contains

A) a lower concentration of dissolved proteins.
B) almost no lipids.
C) almost no glycogen.
D) a higher concentration of amino acids.
E) a higher concentration of potassium ions.

Question 9

Tubulin is to microtubules as actin is to

A) intermediate filaments.
B) microvilli.
C) microfilaments.
D) flagella.
E) ribosomes.

Question 10

Microfilaments

A) with myosin, produce cell movement.
B) control the consistency of cytoplasm.
C) anchor the cytoskeleton to membrane proteins.
D) all of the above
E) B and C only

Question 11

An alternate term for tumor is

A) cytoplasm.
B) neoplasm.
C) nucleoplasm.
D) benign malignancy.
E) primary metastasis.

Question 12

"Spikes" form on a blood cell when it is placed in an) solution.

A) hypertonic
B) merotonic
C) hypotonic
D) homotonic
E) isotonic

Question 13

During mitosis, two daughter cells form, each of which has

A) a lesser number of chromosomes than the original cell.
B) half as many chromosomes as the original cell.
C) the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.
D) a different number of chromosomes than the original cell.
E) twice as many chromosomes as the original cell.

Question 14

Chromosomes consist of _ and .

A) DNA; lipids
B) DNA; proteins
C) RNA; carbohydrates
D) water; RNA
E) RNA; proteins

Question 15

When activated, lysosomes function in

A) formation of new cell membranes.
B) synthesis of lipids.
C) synthesis of proteins.
D) digestion of foreign material.
E) cell division.

Question 16

Endocytosis is

A) a form of anabolism.
B) a method for transporting substances into the cell.
C) a method for metabolizing within the cytosol.
D) a viral infection.
E) a method for packaging secretions.

Question 17

A solution that contains a lower osmotic pressure than the cytoplasm of a cell is called

A) homotonic.
B) hypotonic.
C) hypertonic.
D) isotonic.
E) merotonic.

Question 18

A unit in messenger RNA consisting of a set of three consecutive nucleotides is termed an)

A) anticodon.
B) gene.
C) tRNA.
D) amino acid.
E) codon.

Question 19

Renewal or modification of the cell membrane is a function of the

A) microtubules.
B) rough endoplasmic reticulum.
C) mitochondria.
D) Golgi apparatus.
E) ribosomes.

Question 20

In the mitochondrion, folds are to cristae as the contained fluid is to

A) basal body.
B) actin.
C) microvilli.
D) cytosol.
E) matrix.

Question 21

Figure 3- 1 The Plasmalemma
Use Figure 3- 1 to answer the following questions):
Lipid molecules pass into the cell through the structure labeled

A) 1.
B) 2.
C) 3.
D) 5.
E) 6.

Question 22

Which of following properties of the cytoskeleton is false?

A) provides cell strength
B) supports organelles
C) moves organelles
D) controls cell shape
E) made of cytobones

Question 23

Water molecules and small ions enter a cell through

A) lipid channels.
B) peripheral proteins.
C) peripheral carbohydrates.
D) defects in the lipid layer of the membrane.
E) channels formed by integral proteins.

Question 24

Which of the following consists of a network of intracellular membranes with attached ribosomes?

A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B) nucleoli
C) Golgi apparatus
D) rough endoplasmic reticulum
E) mitochondria

Question 25

Messenger RNA is vital to the cell because

A) mRNA can leave the nucleus.
B) mRNA cannot leave the nucleus.
C) DNA can leave the nucleus.
D) DNA cannot leave the nucleus.
E) both A and D

Question 26

Before the mRNA transcribed from a gene can be used to translate into a protein, it must be

A) edited to remove introns.
B) edited to remove exons.
C) transported into the cytoplasm.
D) both A and C
E) both B and C

Question 27

The plasmalemma includes

A) phospholipids.
B) glycolipids.
C) integral proteins.
D) all of the above
E) A and C only

Question 28

Figure 3- 1 The Plasmalemma
Use Figure 3- 1 to answer the following questions):
Which structure is water most likely to pass through?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 8

Question 29

The following is a list of the steps involved in the process of secretion by the Golgi apparatus. 1. Material moves from cisterna to cisterna by means of transfer vesicles.
2) Exocytosis.
3) Products from RER are packaged into transport vesicles.
4) Secretory vesicles are formed at the maturing face.
5) Vesicles arrive at the forming face.
6) Enzymes modify arriving proteins and glycoproteins.
The proper order for these is

A) 4, 3, 1, 6, 5, 2.
B) 5, 6, 1, 4, 2, 3.
C) 3, 5, 6, 1, 4, 2.
D) 1, 3, 6, 4, 2, 5.
E) 2, 3, 5, 6, 1, 4.

Question 30

Assume that the transport of a particular amino acid across the plasmalemma is observed 1) to occur only down its concentration gradient and 2) to slow when a similar amino acid is added to the extracellular fluid. The movement of the amino acid through the membrane is most likely by

A) osmosis.
B) active transport.
C) facilitated diffusion.
D) diffusion.
E) pinocytosis.

Question 31

A cell duplicates its chromosomes during the phase.

A) G0
B) S
C) G1
D) Gm
E) G2

Question 32

Which of the following terms is not used to define the structure that separates the contents of a human cell from its surrounding medium?

A) cell membrane
B) cell wall
C) plasmalemma
D) plasma membrane
E) both A and D

Question 33

Most of a cell's DNA is located in its

A) Golgi apparatus.
B) nucleus.
C) nucleolus.
D) ribosomes.
E) lysosomes.

Question 34

Many proteins in the cytosol are that accelerate metabolic reactions.

A) messengers
B) carbohydrates
C) enzymes
D) ions
E) lipids

Question 35

The complex structures of DNA and protein found in the cell nucleus are

A) nucleoplasm.
B) nucleases.
C) chromosomes.
D) histones.
E) mitochondria.

Question 36

Each of the following statements concerning mitochondria is true, except one. Identify the exception.

A) The matrix contains metabolic enzymes involved in energy production.
B) Respiratory enzymes are attached to the surface of the cristae.
C) The cristae increase the inner surface area of the organelle.
D) The mitochondria contain no DNA.
E) The mitochondria produce most of a cell's ATP.

Question 37

During this phase of cell division, the chromosomes uncoil, the nuclear membrane forms, and cytokinesis occurs.

A) metaphase
B) prophase
C) interphase
D) anaphase
E) telophase

Question 38

Two types of vesicular transport include

A) endocytosis and exocytosis.
B) exocytosis and retrocytosis.
C) passive diffusion and active diffusion.
D) endocytosis and retrocytosis.
E) pinocytosis and active transport.

Question 39

Red blood cell shrinkage is to as cell bursting is to _ .

A) isotonic; hypotonic
B) isotonic; hypertonic
C) crenation; hemolysis
D) hypotonic; isotonic
E) lysis; crenation

Question 40

If the concentration of sodium chloride in the interstitial fluid surrounding cells decreases and the concentration of other solutes remains constant,

A) the cells will not change.
B) the fluid outside of the cells will become isotonic.
C) the cells will shrink.
D) the fluid outside of the cells will become hypertonic.
E) the cells will swell.

Question 41

The components of ribosomes are formed within

A) the endoplasmic reticulum.
B) mitochondria.
C) nucleoli.
D) lysosomes.
E) Golgi complexes.

Question 42

mRNA is needed to synthesize in the cytoplasm.

A) lipids
B) phospholipids
C) carbohydrates
D) proteins
E) all of the above

Question 43

A defense cell engulfing a bacterium illustrates

A) phagocytosis.
B) receptor- mediated endocytosis.
C) pinocytosis.
D) endocytosis.
E) exocytosis.

Question 44

Which organelle is most prominent in cells that make large amounts of protein?

A) proteasome
B) nucleus
C) nucleolus
D) mitochondria
E) chromosome

Question 45

Figure 3- 2 The Anatomy of a Representative Cell
Use Figure 3- 2 to answer the following questions):
Hemolysis may occur when a blood cell is placed into

A) hypotonic solution.
B) hypertonic solution.
C) isotonic solution.
D) homotonic solution.
E) merotonic solution.

Question 46

Osmotic pressure

A) can be opposed by hydrostatic pressure.
B) forces water to move toward the higher solute concentration.
C) forces water to move across a semipermeable membrane.
D) all of the above
E) A and C only

Question 47

Histones are found in

A) vesicles.
B) endosomes.
C) proteasomes.
D) lysosomes.
E) nucleosomes.

Question 48

Figure 3- 2 The Anatomy of a Representative Cell
Use Figure 3- 2 to answer the following questions):
Synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids occurs in the structure labeled

A) 4.
B) 5.
C) 6.
D) 7.
E) 8.

Question 49

Examination of a sample of glandular cells reveals an extensive network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following is the likeliest product of these cells?

A) steroid hormones
B) digestive enzymes
C) transport proteins
D) antibodies
E) protein hormones

Question 50

Specific proteins are manufactured through the interaction of _ and .

A) multiple carbohydrates; three types of DNA
B) multiple proteins; three types of DNA
C) multiple enzymes; three types of DNA
D) multiple enzymes; two types of RNA
E) multiple enzymes; three types of RNA

Question 51

The process of forming mRNA is called

A) ribolation.
B) translation.
C) replication.
D) transcription.
E) auscultation.

Question 52

Each of the following is a function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, except

A) modification of protein.
B) detoxification of drugs.
C) synthesis of steroid hormones.
D) storage and release of calcium ions.
E) synthesis of triglycerides.

Question 53

Figure 3- 2 The Anatomy of a Representative Cell
Use Figure 3- 2 to answer the following questions):
Which structure produces ATP for the cell?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 5
E) 6

Question 54

Which phase of the cell cycle has the most variable duration?

A) G0 phase
B) S phase
C) G1 phase
D) G2 phase
E) V phase

Question 55

During mitosis, chromatids separate into daughter chromosomes during

A) metaphase.
B) telophase.
C) anaphase.
D) interphase.
E) prophase.

Question 56

Each of the following is an example of a nonmembranous organelle, except

A) cilia.
B) ribosomes.
C) centrioles.
D) cytoskeleton.
E) lysosomes.

Question 57

A membrane transport process is found experimentally to have a saturation limit. Which of the following is a possible property of the process?

A) carrier- mediated
B) energy- dependent
C) active transport
D) cotransport
E) all of the above

Question 58

Figure 3- 2 The Anatomy of a Representative Cell
Use Figure 3- 2 to answer the following questions):
Which form of endoplasmic reticulum modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins?

A) rough endoplasmic reticulum
B) ribosomal endoplasmic reticulum
C) raised endoplasmic reticulum
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
E) proteosomes reticulum

Question 59

Components of the cytoskeleton may include all of the following, except

A) intermediate filaments.
B) thick filaments.
C) microtubules.
D) microfilaments.
E) microsomes.

Question 60

Diffusion of a substance across the cell membrane is influenced by all of the following, except

A) concentration gradient.
B) lipid solubility.
C) the charge on the ion.
D) the presence of the membrane channels.
E) hydrolysis of ATP.

Question 61

Most of the ATP required to power cellular operations is produced in the

A) cilia.
B) cytoplasm.
C) mitochondria.
D) endoplasmic reticulum.
E) nucleus.

Question 62

If an animal cell lacked centrioles, it would not be able to

A) move.
B) synthesize proteins.
C) produce DNA.
D) form the mitotic spindle.
E) metabolize sugars.

Question 63

The triplet codes needed to specify a specific polypeptide chain are found in the

A) cytoplasm.
B) polypeptide itself.
C) codon.
D) gene.
E) anticodon.

Question 64

Figure 3- 1 The Plasmalemma
Use Figure 3- 1 to answer the following questions):
Functions of the glycocalyx include

A) binding extracellular compounds.
B) lubricating and protecting the cell membrane.
C) identifying the cell for the immune system.
D) all of the above
E) B and C only

Question 65

Tubulin is

A) a protein that forms the tubular portion of the cytosol.
B) a lipid that forms the ER.
C) a protein that assembles into filamentous tubes microtubules).
D) a lipid that assembles into filamentous tubes microtubules).
E) a carbohydrate that assembles into filamentous tubes microtubules).

Question 66

Which of the following is not a function of membrane proteins?

A) cell nutrient
B) bind to ligands
C) regulate the passage of ions
D) act as anchors or stabilizers for the cell membrane
E) act as carrier molecules for various solutes

Question 67

The watery component of the cytoplasm is called

A) interstitial fluid.
B) cytosol.
C) a colloidal gel.
D) protoplasm.
E) extracellular fluid.

Question 68

As genes are functionally eliminated, the cell becomes limited in the range of proteins it can make. This specialization process is termed

A) differentiation.
B) cellular activation.
C) apoptosis.
D) adaptation.
E) structural integration.

Question 69

Figure 3- 1 The Plasmalemma
Use Figure 3- 1 to answer the following questions):
Microfilaments are labeled

A) 1.
B) 2.
C) 3.
D) 5.
E) 6.

Question 70

In order to maintain cellular homeostasis, an exchange pump ejects ions from the cell and imports ions.

A) sodium; calcium
B) calcium; sodium
C) sodium; potassium
D) potassium; sodium
E) potassium; calcium

Question 71

Microscopic analysis of a tissue sample indicates that it contains abundant myosin and actin filaments. This tissue is probably formed from

A) muscle cells.
B) bone cells.
C) reproductive cells.
D) liver cells.
E) nerve cells.

Question 72

Facilitated diffusion differs from ordinary diffusion in that

A) facilitated diffusion never eliminates the concentration gradient.
B) facilitated diffusion moves molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration.
C) facilitated diffusion consumes no ATP.
D) the rate of molecular movement is not limited by the number of available carrier molecules.
E) the rate of molecular movement is limited by the number of available carrier molecules.

Question 73

An impermeable carbohydrate that is often administered to patients suffering blood loss is

A) dextran.
B) salt solution.
C) isotonic saline.
D) glucose.
E) saline solution.

Question 74

Figure 3- 1 The Plasmalemma
Use Figure 3- 1 to answer the following questions):
The process by which molecules such as glucose are moved into cells along their concentration gradient with the help of membrane- bound carrier proteins is called

A) endocytosis.
B) exocytosis.
C) active transport.
D) facilitated diffusion.
E) osmosis.

Question 75

The movement of oxygen from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is an example of

A) osmosis.
B) facilitated transport.
C) diffusion.
D) filtration.
E) active transport.

Question 76

Figure 3- 1 The Plasmalemma
Use Figure 3- 1 to answer the following questions):
What part of the plasmalemma is hydrophobic?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 6

Question 77

As each codon arrives at the active site of a ribosome, it attracts another molecule containing the anticodon. This molecule is called

A) tRNA.
B) mRNA.
C) RER.
D) rRNA.
E) DNA.

Question 78

The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for

A) lipid synthesis.
B) protein synthesis.
C) drug and toxin neutralization.
D) all of the above
E) both A and C

Question 79

The genetically programmed death of cells is called

A) replication.
B) metastasis.
C) apoptosis.
D) mitosis.
E) differentiation.

Question 80

Which of the following about cytoplasm is false?

A) semi- rigid texture
B) includes cytosol
C) extracellular fluid contains more protein
D) the material that fills a cell
E) includes cytoskeleton