Deck 17: Blood

Question 1

Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood?

A) antibodies
B) lymphocytes
C) platelets
D) RBCs
E) basophils

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of these descriptions best matches the term B lymphocytes?

A) produce antibodies in response to antigens
B) often elevated in allergic individuals
C) kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide
D) adhere to collagen beneath endothelium
E) helper cells are one type

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The pus associated with infected wounds contains

A) dead neutrophils.
B) tissue fluids.
C) cellular debris.
D) all of the above
E) B and C only

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the

A) conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.
B) release of heparin from the liver.
C) release of tissue factor Factor III) by damaged endothelium.
D) sticking of platelets to damaged tissue.
E) activation of Factor VII exposed to collagen.

Question 5

The most abundant white blood cells are

A) ABCs.
B) NBCs.
C) monocytes.
D) neutrophils.
E) plasma cells.

Question 6

Granulocytes form in

A) the intestines.
B) red bone marrow.
C) the thymus.
D) yellow bone marrow.
E) the spleen.

Question 7

Most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by

A) the spleen.
B) the liver.
C) the kidneys.
D) platelets.
E) megakaryocytes.

Question 8

Figure 17- 1 The Origins and Differentiation of Formed Elements
Use Figure 17- 1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the cell labeled "7."

A) neutrophil
B) lymphocyte
C) basophil
D) monocyte
E) platelet

Question 9

A hematocrit provides information on

A) plasma composition.
B) clotting factors.
C) blood type.
D) sedimentation rate.
E) formed elements abundance.

Question 10

Figure 17- 1 The Origins and Differentiation of Formed Elements
Use Figure 17- 1 to answer the following questions:
Platelets are

A) cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.
B) tiny cells with a polynucleus.
C) blue cells that have a nucleus.
D) red cells that lack a nucleus.
E) large cells with a prominent, concave nucleus.

Question 11

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by the

A) bone marrow.
B) liver.
C) spleen.
D) digestive tract.
E) A, B, and C

Question 12

The chief differences between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the

A) concentration of nitrogen wastes.
B) concentration of proteins.
C) concentration of water.
D) concentration of glucose.
E) concentration of electrolytes.

Question 13

Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would die of

A) acidosis.
B) thrombocytopenia.
C) starvation.
D) anemia.
E) hemorrhage.

Question 14

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called

A) lymphoblasts.
B) normoblasts.
C) erythroblasts.
D) megakaryocytes.
E) myeloblasts.

Question 15

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called

A) lymph.
B) whole blood.
C) serum.
D) packed blood.
E) extracellular fluid.

Question 16

A person's blood type is determined largely by the

A) presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane.
B) chemical character of the hemoglobin.
C) size of the RBCs.
D) shape of the RBCs.
E) volume of the RBCs.

Question 17

A person with Type A blood has

A) antigen A on the RBCs.
B) anti- B agglutinins in the plasma.
C) anti- A agglutinins on the red blood cells.
D) A and B only
E) B and C only

Question 18

Which of these descriptions best matches the term T lymphocytes?

A) helper cells are one type
B) often elevated in allergic individuals
C) kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide
D) adhere to collagen beneath endothelium
E) produce antibodies in response to antigens

Question 19

People who suffer from hemophilia A fail to produce a functional Factor VIII; as a result

A) they lack a functional intrinsic pathway.
B) they lack a functional common pathway.
C) they lack a functional extrinsic pathway.
D) their coagulation times are much longer than normal.
E) both A and D

Question 20

A typical adult hematocrit is

A) 25.
B) 75.
C) 45.
D) 65.
E) 85.

Question 21

Eileen is a strict vegan and therefore eats no animal products. She develops an anemia that her doctor thinks is caused by a nutritional deficiency. Which of the following is the likeliest candidate?

A) vitamin B6 deficiency
B) iron deficiency
C) vitamin K deficiency
D) lack of intrinsic factor
E) vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 22

Plasma is closest in composition to

A) isotonic saline solution.
B) CSF.
C) urine.
D) sterile water.
E) interstitial fluid.

Question 23

Which of the following is true of basophils?

A) granules contain heparin
B) granules contain histamine
C) constitute about 1 percent of WBCs
D) attract other defense cells
E) all of the above

Question 24

The process of fibrinolysis

A) forms emboli.
B) forms thrombi.
C) draws torn edges of damaged tissue closer together.
D) activates fibrinogen.
E) dissolves clots.

Question 25

An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would ultimately result in

A) increased sensitivity to vitamin K.
B) decreased erythropoiesis.
C) pernicious anemia.
D) increased erythropoiesis.
E) renal anemia.

Question 26

Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by

A) oral doses of iron.
B) injections of vitamin B12.
C) blood transfusion.
D) oral doses of vitamin B12.
E) injections of iron.

Question 27

How would removal of calcium ions from a blood sample affect coagulation?

A) the coagulation pathway would be lacking a required cofactor at many steps
B) coagulation would be prevented
C) no important effect because magnesium can substitute for calcium
D) A and B only
E) A and C only

Question 28

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is

A) metalloprotein D.
B) lipoprotein C.
C) fibrinogen.
D) albumin alpha.
E) immunoglobulin A.

Question 29

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the

A) lipoproteins.
B) metalloproteins.
C) fibrinogens.
D) immunoglobulins.
E) albumins.

Question 30

The most abundant component of plasma is

A) proteins.
B) nutrients.
C) water.
D) gases.
E) ions.

Question 31

The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from

A) extensive breakdown of RBCs.
B) excessive amounts of bilirubin in the plasma.
C) destruction of hemoglobin.
D) the yellow pigment, carotene.
E) A, B, and C

Question 32

involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

A) The platelet phase
B) Vascular spasm
C) Fibrinolysis
D) Coagulation
E) Retraction

Question 33

All the circulating red blood cells originate in the

A) heart.
B) lymph tissue.
C) red bone marrow.
D) thymus.
E) spleen.

Question 34

is a condition in which the oxygen- carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.

A) Leukopenia
B) Anemia
C) Thrombocytopenia
D) Polycythemia
E) Leukemia

Question 35

Tissue factor Factor III) is a factor in the _ pathway.

A) common
B) extrinsic
C) retraction
D) intrinsic
E) fibrinolytic

Question 36

During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of

A) neutrophils.
B) basophils.
C) eosinophils.
D) reticulocytes.
E) thrombocytes.

Question 37

In which of the following situations would you expect the blood level of bilirubin to be elevated?

A) a person suffering from hemolysis
B) an alcoholic with a damaged liver
C) iron- deficient diet
D) A, B, and C
E) A and B only

Question 38

A digestive disorder that impairs a person's ability to absorb vitamin K will result in

A) prolonged bleeding.
B) low levels of thromboplastin.
C) low levels of prothrombin.
D) low levels of Factor X.
E) all of the above

Question 39

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a

A) viscosity about the same as water.
B) deep red color from hemoglobin.
C) built- in system for clotting.
D) pH of 7.4.
E) temperature of approximately 38 degrees Celsius.

Question 40

Which plasma protein transports testosterone?

A) sexualin
B) testostoferrin
C) testosterone- binding globulin
D) apolipoprotein T
E) hormone- binding albumin

Question 41

Figure 17- 1 The Origins and Differentiation of Formed Elements
Use Figure 17- 1 to answer the following questions:
The process of red blood cell production is called

A) erythrocytosis.
B) erythropenia.
C) hematopenia.
D) hemocytosis.
E) erythropoiesis.

Question 42

Which of the following would you expect to see in increased numbers in a peripheral blood sample after donating a unit of blood?

A) lymphocytes
B) reticulocytes
C) platelets
D) neutrophils
E) erythrocytes

Question 43

A person whose platelet count is 40,000/µl is suffering from

A) thrombocytopenia.
B) hemocytosis.
C) thrombocytosis.
D) leukocytosis.
E) leukopenia.

Question 44

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of

A) calcium.
B) sodium.
C) iron.
D) magnesium.
E) copper.

Question 45

Platelets are stored as a reserve in case of hemorrhage in

A) the splenic vein.
B) the splenic artery.
C) the spleen.
D) other vascular organs.
E) C and D only.

Question 46

Each hemoglobin molecule contains

A) four alpha chains.
B) four iron atoms.
C) one heme group.
D) one alpha and one beta chain.
E) B and C only

Question 47

People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because

A) they usually have very strong immune systems.
B) they are usually Rh negative.
C) their blood lacks A or B agglutinins.
D) their blood is plentiful in A and B agglutinins.
E) their blood cells lack A and B antigens.

Question 48

In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in

A) lymphoid tissue.
B) the spleen.
C) red bone marrow.
D) yellow bone marrow.
E) the liver.

Question 49

Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. This value indicates that

A) she may be suffering from a form of leukemia.
B) her hematocrit is probably lower than normal.
C) she has fewer red blood cells than normal.
D) her hemoglobin level is normal.
E) she is suffering from anemia.

Question 50

The function of hemoglobin is to

A) carry carbon dioxide.
B) carry oxygen.
C) aid in the process of blood clotting.
D) A, B, and C
E) A and B only

Question 51

A hormone that stimulates the production of neutrophils is

A) G- CSF Neupogen).
B) multi- CSF.
C) thymosin.
D) M- CSF.
E) GM- CSF.

Question 52

Thyroid- binding globulin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?

A) apolipoprotein
B) metalloprotein
C) hormone- binding
D) steroid- binding
E) transport albumin

Question 53

The function of red blood cells is to

A) carry carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs.
B) carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells.
C) defend the body against infectious organisms.
D) carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells.
E) both A and B

Question 54

are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation.

A) Reticulocytes
B) Myeloblasts
C) Normoblasts
D) Erythroblasts
E) Band cells

Question 55

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the

A) differential cell count.
B) viscosity.
C) packed volume.
D) hematocrit.
E) specific gravity.

Question 56

The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as

A) band forms.
B) reticulocytes.
C) myeloid cells.
D) hemocytoblasts.
E) proerythrocytes.

Question 57

Tom suffers from severe liver disease secondary to alcoholism. Which of the following signs would you expect to see as a result?

A) increased levels of bilirubin in the blood
B) reduced iron storage
C) decreased clotting ability
D) all of the above
E) A and C only

Question 58

The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the

A) eosinophils.
B) basophils.
C) lymphocytes.
D) neutrophils.
E) monocytes.

Question 59

Figure 17- 1 The Origins and Differentiation of Formed Elements
Use Figure 17- 1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the cell labeled "6."

A) basophil
B) erythrocyte
C) monocyte
D) eosinophil
E) lymphocyte

Question 60

You are caring for an adult patient who weighs 48 kg. What would her approximate blood volume be?

A) 4.8 L
B) 6.6 L
C) 6.0 L
D) 3.8 L
E) 5.6 L

Question 61

Which of these proteins functions to store or transport iron?

A) hemoglobin
B) ferritin
C) transferrin
D) hemosiderin
E) B, C, and D

Question 62

Which of the following blood count values would be a sign of anemia?

A) 400,000 platelets
B) 10,000 WBC
C) 5.5 million RBC
D) 3.5 million RBC
E) A and D taken together

Question 63

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone

A) thymosin.
B) M- CSF.
C) erythropoietin.
D) angiotensin.
E) renin.

Question 64

When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect

A) a rise in hematocrit.
B) a drop in oxygen levels.
C) the release of erythropoietin.
D) both A and C
E) A, B, and C

Question 65

Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?

A) 45 percent
B) 60 percent
C) 20 percent
D) 55 percent
E) 38 percent

Question 66

Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?

A) transport albumin
B) apolipoprotein
C) steroid- binding protein
D) hormone- binding protein
E) metalloprotein

Question 67

A substance that activates plasminogen might be useful to

A) mimic heparin.
B) cause clot dissolution to proceed faster.
C) cause clots to form faster.
D) initiate clot formation.
E) recruit neutrophils to an infection.

Question 68

The process of lymphopoiesis goes on in all of the following organs, except

A) the red bone marrow.
B) the lymph nodes.
C) the thymus.
D) the kidney.
E) the spleen.

Question 69

are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells.

A) Lymphocytes
B) Monocytes
C) Basophils
D) Eosinophils
E) Neutrophils

Question 70

Which of the following is not true of neutrophils?

A) attracted to complement- coated bacteria
B) can exit capillaries
C) can destroy bacteria
D) less abundant than lymphocytes
E) can make hydrogen peroxide

Question 71

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

A) heart
B) kidney
C) brain
D) liver
E) pancreas

Question 72

The average lifespan of a red blood cell is

A) 1 month.
B) many years.
C) about 1 year.
D) 4 months.
E) 24 hours.

Question 73

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is

A) excreted by the liver.
B) recycled to the red bone marrow.
C) excreted by the intestines.
D) stored in yellow bone marrow.
E) excreted by the kidneys.

Question 74

Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti- A sera but not with the anti- B or anti- D sera. This means

A) Bill could receive type A- negative blood in a transfusion.
B) Bill's plasma contains B agglutinins.
C) Bill is Rh positive.
D) Bill could donate blood to an individual with type AB blood.
E) A, B, and D

Question 75

Which of the following is not true of monocytes?

A) are long lived
B) about same size as basophils
C) become macrophages
D) can phagocytize bacteria
E) enter tissues and wander

Question 76

Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false?

A) Red cells are about 18 µm in diameter.
B) Red cells lack mitochondria.
C) Red cells are biconcave discs.
D) Red cells are specialized for carrying oxygen.
E) Red cells can form stacks called rouleaux.

Question 77

Figure 17- 1 The Origins and Differentiation of Formed Elements
Use Figure 17- 1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the cell labeled "5."

A) monocyte
B) lymphocyte
C) basophil
D) erythrocyte
E) eosinophil

Question 78

A person who has a low blood volume is said to be

A) isovolemic.
B) antivolemic.
C) hypovolemic.
D) normovolemic.
E) hypervolemic.

Question 79

In adults, red bone marrow is located in the

A) sternum and ribs.
B) diaphysis of long bones.
C) iliac crest, body of vertebrae.
D) A, B, and C
E) A and C only

Question 80

Figure 17- 1 The Origins and Differentiation of Formed Elements
Use Figure 17- 1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the cell labeled "3."

A) lymphocyte
B) erythrocyte
C) eosinophil
D) monocyte
E) basophil