Deck 2: The Etiology of Addiction

Question 1

A man blacks out often after drinking spirits. He lost his job early last year and started drinking at a bar with people who have spent most of their life on welfare. This year his wife left him. His knows his life has gone downhill, and he begins to experience vague religious desires. At which stage in Jellinek's model is this person?

A) Prealcoholic symptomatic phase
B) Prodromal phase
C) Crucial phase
D) Chronic phase

Answer 1

Chronic phase

Question 2

Under which theory of addiction does the following fall? The need for variety and the desire to experience pleasure

A) Psychodynamic
B) Supracultural
C) Genetic
D) Cognitive-behavioral

Answer 2

Cognitive-behavioral

Question 3

What are the three stages of cocaine addiction? Describe each stage. How do they differ or correlate to Jellinek's four stages of alcoholism?

Answer 3

Not Answer

Question 4

Explain the gender differences in addiction according to subcultural theories of addiction. Do you agree or disagree with the validity of these subcultural theories? Why?

Question 5

A woman takes a single drink to calm her morning tremors, goes about her day, and resumes drinking in the evening. Each morning, she does not feel a physical craving for alcohol, but she wants to stop her tremors. To help her, the application of which theory seems most appropriate?

A) Psychodynamic: What was her childhood like?
B) Learning: What she has learned she can unlearn.
C) Genetic: She may have a metabolic defect that causes the tremors.
D) Cognitive-behavioral: She physically needs a drink to physically relax.

Question 6

A person who drinks five beers every night, increased from three beers per night one year ago, starts experiencing blackouts when he drinks even more heavily on the weekends. At which stage in Jellinek's model is this person?

A) Prealcoholic symptomatic phase
B) Prodromal phase
C) Crucial phase
D) Chronic phase

Question 7

Which statement best supports the prediction that alcoholism is a genetic disease?

A) A specific gene that causes alcoholism was already found in 1990.
B) Three studies completed in 1998 showed that genetic factors play a greater role than environmental factors.
C) In the research, statistical associations between genetic factors and alcoholism are very strong.
D) Children of alcoholics are three to seven times more likely to be at risk for developing alcoholism.

Question 8

A person who started drinking three beers per night one year ago finds that he now needs to drink five beers per night to feel the same level of intoxication. At which stage in Jellinek's model is this person?

A) Prealcoholic symptomatic phase
B) Prodromal phase
C) Crucial phase
D) Chronic phase

Question 9

Suppose you are assisting someone withdrawing from drugs. He tells you that he started using drugs during a celebration with his friends, where he was curious about the drug. He said he continued to use the drug to escape boredom. The application of which theory seems most appropriate ?

A) Personality
B) Supracultural
C) Subcultural
D) Cognitive-behavioral

Question 10

Under which theory of addiction does the following fall? The interaction of the substance, the user, and the user's environment

A) Genetic
B) Multicausal
C) Subcultural
D) Learning/reinforcement

Question 11

Under which theory of addiction does the following fall? Withdrawal symptoms can be avoided by resuming use

A) Genetic
B) Supracultural
C) Subcultural
D) Learning/reinforcement

Question 12

What are the four stages of Jellinek's model of alcoholism? Describe the characteristics of each stage.

Question 13

A smoker has a variant in his gene for a nicotinic receptor subunit. This is an example of theory.

A) learning
B) genetic
C) supracultural
D) personality

Question 14

Suppose you are assisting someone withdrawing from drugs. She tells you that she started using drugs to avoid the unpleasant memories of a traumatic event in her life. The application of which theory seems most appropriate?

A) Cognitive-behavioral
B) Genetic
C) Learning
D) Personality

Question 15

Which statement best shows the difference between drug effects and drug experience from a sociocultural perspective?

A) American Indian peyote user receives spiritual advice; businessperson uses peyote and receives business advice
B) American Indian peyote user gets mildly nauseated before receiving spiritual advice; businessperson using it gets very nauseated and receives no advice
C) Street user of morphine dulls the pain of an illness and gets high; patient in the hospital uses morphine to dull the pain of an illness and get high
D) Street user gets high on morphine; patient in the hospital gets high on morphine

Question 16

Which statement best supports the prediction that the potential for substance addiction is not based in personality?

A) Significant personality factors can contribute to addiction.
B) Empirical research on personality theories has waned.
C) Apart from the relatively rare occurrence of the antisocial personality, alcoholics have not been found to exhibit specific personality traits.
D) Underlying personality problems cause substance abuse rather than substance abuse resulting in personality problems.

Question 17

What are three main categories of the theories of addiction?

A) Psychodynamic, biological, sociocultural
B) Psychological, biological, sociocultural
C) Psychological, biological, cultural
D) Psychodynamic, neurobiological, sociocultural

Question 18

Present an argument for why a multicausal model is more useful in the treatment of substance addiction than any of the psychological, biological, or sociocultural theories alone. Explain how a multicausal model is similar to the public health model promoted by healthcare and other human service professionals.

Question 19

What are Drummonds' three categories of drug craving? Describe each and relate each to one of the types of theories you studied.

Question 20

Under which theory of addiction does the following fall? Not having a means for attaining upward economic mobility in a society that expects it

A) Psychodynamic
B) Supracultural
C) Subcultural
D) Learning/reinforcement