Deck 11: Families and Intimate Relationships

Question 1

A form of marriage in which each married partner is allowed only one spouse at any given time is called:

A)monogamy
B)polygamy
C)polygyny
D)polyandry
E)promiscuity

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which perspective has been most concerned with the domestic division of labor,unequal power relationships,and caring activities in the family?

A)functionalism
B)Marxism
C)feminism
D)symbolic interactionism
E)postmodernism

Answer 2

C

Question 3

It was common in Ladakhi society for brothers to share one wife.This type of marriage is an example of:

A)monogamy
B)polygyny
C)polyandry
D)patrilocality
E)promiscuity

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Jim and Joan are two adults who live together in a household with their two biological children and one adopted child.This kind of group is an example of a(n):

A)nuclear family
B)extended family
C)non-family household
D)single-parent family
E)polygamous family

Question 5

Alisha learns from her parents the American norms of politeness.This learning is associated with which function of the family discussed by Talcott Parsons?

A)primary socialization
B)personality stabilization
C)affective socialization
D)instrumental stabilization
E)domestic division of labor

Question 6

Amir has two biological brothers that he grew up with.His two brothers are members of his:

A)family of orientation
B)family of procreation
C)chosen family
D)adopted family
E)non-family household

Question 7

The term for a group in which the individuals are related to one another by blood ties,marriage,or adoption and form an economic unit and in which the adult members are responsible for the upbringing of children is:

A)family
B)household
C)kinship network
D)village
E)community

Question 8

A family system in which the wife is expected to live near the husband's parents is called a:

A)matrilocal family
B)patrilocal family
C)neolocal family
D)polygamous family
E)polyandrous family

Question 9

A socially and legally acknowledged and approved sexual union between two adult individuals is called:

A)cohabitation
B)a marriage
C)kinship
D)a family
E)a household

Question 10

The term that describes connections between individuals,established either through marriage or through the lines of descent that connect blood relatives (mothers,fathers,offspring,grandparents,etc.)is:

A)cohabitation
B)household
C)kinship
D)village
E)community

Question 11

According to functionalists,the husband in the "conventional family" is the breadwinner and plays the __________ role; the wife cares for the home and children and plays the __________ role.

A)major; minor
B)supporting; leading
C)nuclear; extended
D)mechanical; organic
E)instrumental; affective

Question 12

Suzanne has two biological sons that she raised from birth.Her two sons are members of her:

A)family of orientation
B)family of procreation
C)chosen family
D)adopted family
E)non-family household

Question 13

Vincent lives with his parents and both sets of grandparents in the same house.His uncle's family lives next door.The members of his house and his uncle's family have a close and continuous relationship with one another.This type of arrangement is an example of a(n):

A)nuclear family
B)extended family
C)non-family household
D)single-parent family
E)polygamous family

Question 14

During the 1970s and 1980s,feminist perspectives dominated most debates and research on families.What did they focus on?

A)family structures
B)historical development of the nuclear and extended family
C)the importance of kinship ties
D)the experiences of women in the domestic sphere
E)the family as a cooperative unit based on common interests and mutual support

Question 15

Which perspective is most likely to agree with the statement "couples are seeking to be more symmetrical,but in reality men do not perform their share of the housework."

A)functionalism
B)postmodernism
C)feminism
D)Marxism
E)symbolic interactionism

Question 16

Which sociological perspective sees the family as performing important tasks that contribute to society's basic needs and helping to perpetuate the existence of major social institutions and practices?

A)functionalism
B)Marxism
C)symbolic interactionism
D)feminism
E)postmodernism

Question 17

A family system in which the husband is expected to live near the wife's parents is called a:

A)matrilocal family
B)patrilocal family
C)neolocal family
D)polygamous family
E)polyandrous family

Question 18

Which of the following statements related to the feminist approach to the family is NOT true?

A)Women continue to bear the main responsibility for domestic tasks.
B)Wife battering, marital rape, incest, and the sexual abuse of children have all received more public attention as a result of feminists' writings.
C)Women invest large amounts of emotional labor in maintaining personal relationships.
D)Jobs that involve caring, such as child-care worker, nanny, or elderly companion, are among the lowest paid of all occupations.
E)The best way to structure a family is to have one parent responsible for the nurturing duties and another responsible for providing for the family economically.

Question 19

Which type of society would Talcott Parsons consider the "conventional family" most suitable for?

A)hunting and gathering
B)agrarian
C)traditional civilizations
D)industrial society
E)postmodern society

Question 20

Betty Friedan is an icon in the second American women's movement.In her widely read book,The Feminine Mystique,she refers to "the problem with no name." What is "the problem with no name"?

A)the isolation and boredom that gripped many suburban American women
B)the fear of divorce
C)adultery
D)domestic abuse
E)the racial tensions that existed in the 1960s

Question 21

Which of the following statements concerning the American family in the past is NOT true?

A)The average length of marriages was less than twelve years during the colonial era.
B)More than half of all children saw the death of at least one parent by the time they were twenty-one during the colonial era.
C)Children were disciplined exceedingly harshly by current standards during the colonial era.
D)A sexual double standard (promiscuity for men; strict sexual restrictions for women) existed during the Victorian era.
E)The colonial family was peaceful and harmonious.

Question 22

Arlie Hochschild found that __________ is/are creating pressure on American workers to work longer hours than they used to.

A)the mass media
B)the education system
C)the booming economy
D)unions
E)globalization

Question 23

About what percent of American adults age sixty-five or over are or have previously been married?

A)35 percent
B)51 percent
C)65 percent
D)80 percent
E)96 percent

Question 24

Referring to Naomi Cahn and June Carbone's study of blue state and red state attitudes,which of the following statements is NOT true?

A)In blue states, individuals tend to hold an expansive view of what family is.
B)Residents in red states are more likely than residents in blue states to support egalitarian gender roles in marriage.
C)Residents in red states are more likely than residents in blue states to believe that sex and childbirth should go hand in hand.
D)Residents in red states are more likely than residents in blue states to endorse early marriage and childbearing.
E)Residents in red states are more likely than residents in blue states to frown upon divorce and single parenthood.

Question 25

What is NOT a change related to the creation of a worldwide movement toward the predominance of the nuclear family and the breaking down of extended-family systems and other types of kinship groups?

A)the spread of the idea of romantic love
B)the involvement of the national political system in people's lives
C)large-scale migration from rural to urban areas
D)employment opportunities away from the land and in such organizations as government bureaucracies, mines, plantations, and-where they exist-industrial firms
E)the resurgence of fundamentalist religious groups

Question 26

Naomi Cahn and June Carbone would predict that __________ is more likely in blue states than red states.

A)teen pregnancy
B)divorce
C)high rates of contraceptive use among teens
D)low educational attainment
E)cohabitation

Question 27

Which of the following statements concerning black and white families is NOT true?

A)Blacks have higher rates of childbearing outside of marriage than whites.
B)Blacks are less likely to ever marry than whites.
C)Blacks are more likely to marry after having a nonmarital birth than whites.
D)Black families are more likely than white families to be headed by a female.
E)A higher proportion of female-headed black families have other relatives living with them than do white families headed by females.

Question 28

Which of the following characterizes the American work week in this time of rapid technological innovation?

A)Thanks, in large part, to new technologies, the American work week is much shorter than it was fifty years ago.
B)With more women in the workforce, it is easier for men to take longer vacations away from the office.
C)Americans are spending more time at work and less time on vacation.
D)While Americans are decreasing the number of hours spent at work, many Europeans are increasing the time they spend working.
E)Few Americans work more than forty hours a week, which contributes to the notion of the "lazy" American.

Question 29

Which group has the highest rate of intermarriage?

A)Asian Americans
B)Native Americans
C)Hispanic Americans
D)African Americans
E)white Americans

Question 30

The divorce rate was highest in which year?

A)1960
B)1970
C)1980
D)1990
E)2000

Question 31

Which group has a strong commitment to family interdependence,family and friend networks that help members financially,and higher median incomes than non-Hispanic whites?

A)Asian Americans
B)Native Americans
C)Mexican Americans
D)Puerto Rican Americans
E)African Americans

Question 32

Feminist sociologists and feminist approaches to the sociology of the family have made important contributions to our understanding of the family.Which of the following issues are NOT embedded within a feminist analysis of the family?

A)the way in which housework is allocated between men and women living in the same household
B)the significance of the greater physical power of men and how domestic violence emanates from issues of inequality and power
C)the time demands imposed by the emotional labor that is expected from women
D)the disjuncture between claims of egalitarianism within families and the reality of inequality
E)that naturalness of the two-parent family

Question 33

Among the Hispanic groups listed below,which is the most prosperous?

A)Mexican Americans
B)Puerto Rican Americans
C)Cuban Americans
D)Dominican Americans
E)All of the groups listed have median household incomes within $1,000 of each other.

Question 34

In 2010,the percent of white families that were headed by females was 15 percent.What percent of black families were headed by females?

A)24 percent
B)34 percent
C)44 percent
D)54 percent
E)64 percent

Question 35

With respect to the changes that are occurring in the family globally,which of the following statements is NOT true?

A)Clans and other kin groups are declining in influence.
B)There is a general trend toward the free choice of a spouse.
C)Women's and children's rights are more widely recognized.
D)Birth rates are increasing.
E)There are higher levels of sexual freedom.

Question 36

Katherine Edin and Maria Kefalas researched low-income women and nonmarital childbirth.Which was NOT one of their findings?

A)The poor women they interviewed placed little value on marriage.
B)The poor women they interviewed tended to place an exceptionally high value on children.
C)The poor women they interviewed felt very confident about their ability to raise children.
D)The poor women they interviewed believed that if they married their current partners, they might end up divorced or in an unhappy marriage.
E)Many of the poor women they interviewed reported that having a child actually saved their lives and brought order to an otherwise chaotic life.

Question 37

In 2009,the average age of first marriage was __________ for men and __________ for women.

A)16; 14
B)22; 20
C)28; 26
D)34; 32
E)40; 38

Question 38

From which country can Hispanics easily enter the United States because that country is a commonwealth of the United States?

A)Mexico
B)Puerto Rico
C)Cuba
D)El Salvador
E)Guatemala

Question 39

Which of the following best describes the changes in household size throughout the history of the United States?

A)Family size has shrunk dramatically from the early farming years to the current urban setting.
B)Currently, the family in the United States is a well-defined, small nuclear family; in contrast, for the first two hundred years of U.S.history, the family was a large extended family.
C)Households in the United States have always included grandparents, aunts, uncles, and other members of the extended family.
D)The nuclear family seems to have long been preeminent.
E)The key to understanding the family in the United States is in knowing the relevance of the extended family, whereas for European families the important structure is the nuclear family.

Question 40

What does NOT account for the trend toward later marriages in the last several decades?

A)increases in cohabitation
B)increases in post-secondary school enrollment
C)increased participation of women in the labor force
D)a decrease in the numbers of marriageable men because of economic deterioration
E)the resurgence of social conservatism

Question 41

Of people of a similar age group,who is most likely to get married?

A)people who have never been married
B)men who have been married and divorced
C)women who have been married and divorced
D)people with incomes twice the poverty threshold
E)people who attended college but did not get a bachelor's degree

Question 42

For young people,how does a cohabiting relationship usually begin?

A)Most young people who live together decided do so after becoming engaged.
B)Most young people decide to move in together after calculated planning.
C)Most young people come to live together by drifting into it.
D)Most young people start living together after one person is forced out of a parent's house.
E)Most young people started living together after saving enough money to get married.

Question 43

In research by Bumpass et al.,which of the following is NOT a reason that couples gave for cohabitation?

A)They believed that their partner would remain more faithful in a cohabiting relationship than a marriage relationship.
B)They wanted to ensure compatibility before marriage.
C)They wanted to share expenses.
D)They wanted more independence.
E)They wanted less commitment.

Question 44

What is NOT a factor in explaining why divorce rates increased so steeply in the 1960s and 1970s?

A)Changes in the law made getting a divorce easier.
B)As women became more economically independent, marriage was less of a necessary economic partnership.
C)The stigma of divorce declined.
D)Adults began to place a great value on personal satisfaction in marriage; few were willing to remain in a relationship that provided few emotional rewards.
E)Adults became less concerned about the welfare of their children.

Question 45

The term used to describe two people living together in a sexual relationship of some permanence,without being married to one another is:

A)hooking up
B)friends with benefits
C)dating
D)cohabitation
E)engagement

Question 46

The most common type of child abuse is:

A)neglect
B)physical abuse
C)emotional maltreatment
D)sexual abuse
E)abandonment

Question 47

A family in which at least one partner has children from a previous marriage is known as a(n):

A)nuclear family
B)extended family
C)postmodern family
D)single-parent family
E)stepfamily

Question 48

Individuals in which category have the highest probability that their first cohabitation will become a marriage within five years?

A)white women
B)Hispanic women
C)black women
D)Hispanic men
E)black men

Question 49

The U.S.census estimates that in 2010,there were __________ same-sex families in the United States.

A)90,000
B)300,000
C)900,000
D)3,000,000
E)9,000,000

Question 50

What is the relationship between income and post-divorce situations?

A)Both men and women's incomes increase.
B)Both men and women's incomes decrease.
C)Men's incomes increase, and women's incomes decrease.
D)Men's incomes decrease, and women's incomes increase.
E)There is no change in the economic situation of men and women following a divorce.

Question 51

Which of the following statements concerning divorce is NOT true?

A)About one-half of children born in 1980 became members of a one-parent family at some stage in their lives.
B)Two-thirds of women and three-fourths of men who are divorced eventually remarry.
C)The remarriage figure for African Americans is substantially higher than the national average.
D)Just over 4 percent of children under age eighteen in the United States today are not living with either parent.
E)Women who have the fewest resources-low levels of educational attainment or few economic resources-are increasingly following a trajectory of early fertility and infrequent employment.

Question 52

Joan shoved her husband,Jack,while in a heated argument about buying a new car.The argument was not rooted in power or control.Michael Johnson would call this type of spousal violence:

A)patriarchal terrorism
B)feminist terrorism
C)common couple violence
D)severe violence
E)legally permissible violence

Question 53

The number of cohabiting couples is increasing in the United States.Which of the following cohabiting unions is most likely to marry?

A)an African American man and woman who both graduated from high school
B)a childless couple in which both are physicians
C)a low-income couple with two children
D)a white man and woman who both dropped out of high school
E)a first-generation Hispanic man and woman in poverty

Question 54

What is NOT a finding from the research of Judith Wallerstein and colleagues on children of divorced parents?

A)Almost all the children experienced intense emotional disturbance at the time of the divorce.
B)At the time of the divorce, preschool-age children were confused and frightened and tended to blame themselves for the separation.
C)At the time of the divorce, older children were better able to understand their parents' motives for divorce but frequently worried about its effects on their future and expressed sharp feelings of anger.
D)At the end of the five-year period, two-thirds were coping reasonably well with their home lives and their commitments outside.
E)As they entered adulthood, almost all were optimistic, high achieving, and confident.

Question 55

According to Andrew Cherlin,which of the following statements is NOT true with respect to divorce and children?

A)Almost all boys experience an initial period of intense emotional upset after their parents separate.
B)Almost all girls experience an initial period of intense emotional upset after their parents separate.
C)Most resume normal development without serious problems within about two years after the separation.
D)A minority of children experiences some long-term problems as a result of the breakup that may persist into adulthood.
E)The experience of watching their parents divorce reduces the chances of their marriages ending in divorce.

Question 56

Which of the following statements concerning child abuse is NOT true?

A)Most studies of abuse are based on national surveys of child welfare professionals.
B)Almost all child deaths from abuse or neglect are recorded.
C)Child abuse occurs more frequently in low-income families.
D)Child abuse occurs more frequently in single-parent families.
E)The highest child victimization rates were for children up to one year old.

Question 57

Which of the following factors decrease the likelihood that a person will get a divorce?

A)being married at a young age (under age 21)
B)having less than a college degree
C)having a child prior to marrying
D)knowing a partner for a short time prior to marrying
E)being from a similar social class background, age, and religion as a partner

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT a trend related to cohabiting?

A)Increasing numbers of people are cohabiting.
B)The number of cohabiters who eventually marry is increasing.
C)An increasing proportion of babies born out of wedlock are born to cohabiting couples.
D)Young children are more likely than ever before to live with parents who are cohabiting but who are not legally married to each another.
E)Cohabitation as an alternative to marriage is increasing in northern European countries.

Question 59

In 2002,__________ of women between ages 35 and 39 had ever cohabited.

A)15 percent
B)30 percent
C)46 percent
D)61 percent
E)76 percent

Question 60

A 1988 study by Richard Gelles and Murray Straus found that __________ of married persons reported at least one incidence of spousal violence in the prior year.

A)5 percent
B)16 percent
C)30 percent
D)46 percent
E)61 percent

Question 61

What is the evidence that American workers are working longer hours today than they did in the past? According to Arlie Hochschild,how is "the time bind" faced by "the overworked American" related to globalization?

Question 62

According to Kathryn Edin and Maria Kefalas,why do low-income women continue to have children out of wedlock,when they can hardly afford to do so?

Question 63

Regarding being single,which of the following statements is true?

A)There are now fewer people who are classified as "never married" than in the past.
B)Most people in their mid-thirties have never been married.
C)Most single people over fifty are widowed.
D)The major reason most single people leave their parents' home is to get married.
E)Most young people will not marry in their lifetimes.

Question 64

Does cohabitation lead to divorce? If so,explain how.

Question 65

In 2010,single-parent households comprised __________ of all families with dependent children.

A)3 percent
B)11 percent
C)27 percent
D)42 percent
E)58 percent

Question 66

Discuss the differences in family patterns between white and black families.Discuss the research of Carol Stack in your answer.

Question 67

According to Andrew Cherlin,what are the effects of divorce on children?

Question 68

Describe the trend toward later marriages.What factors account for the trend toward later marriages in the United States in recent decades?

Question 69

According to Naomi Cahn and June Carbone,how are "red states" and "blue states" different with respect to the family? In your answer,discuss the differing attitudes toward the family and differences in divorce rates and nonmarital childbirth rates.Do behavior differences match value differences? How can this be explained?

Question 70

Sociologists have identified seven important changes that characterize global family change over the past half-century.What are they?

Question 71

In which state can same-sex couples NOT legally marry?

A)New York
B)Iowa
C)Vermont
D)New Hampshire
E)California

Question 72

Much of the literature based on crime statistics,hospital records,and shelter administrative records indicate that spousal violence is almost exclusively man-on-woman violence.Murray Straus and his colleagues reported that equal proportions of women and men reported that they perpetrated spousal abuse.How can this discrepancy be reconciled? In your answer,discuss the work of Michael Johnson.

Question 73

Which of the following statements concerning single-parent households is true?

A)Most single-parent households are headed by men.
B)For most single mothers, being a single mother was their first choice.
C)There is a high correlation between the rate of births outside marriage and indicators of poverty and social deprivation.
D)African American families have a low proportion of single-parent households.
E)Children raised by only one parent do just as well as children raised by both parents (according to Sara McLanahan and Gary Sandefur).

Question 74

Describe Talcott Parsons's view of the family.What are some criticisms of his approach?

Question 75

Although it is most common for young people to leave home to begin independent lives,in previous generations,young people left home:

A)to get away from the endless farm work required of children
B)to avoid domestic violence
C)because their parents evicted them
D)to get married
E)to go to college