Deck 11: Diet and Health

Question 1

Which of the following descriptions characterizes infectious diseases?

A) occur as a result of lifestyle choices
B) caused by a genetic predisposition
C) considered a disease of old age
D) transmitted through air, water, or food

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What is the name for the condition that an individual may suffer from a blood clot that lodges itself in an artery in the brain and killing a portion of brain tissue?

A) a myocardial infarction
B) an embolism
C) a stroke
D) a cerebral vascular accident

Answer 2

C

Question 3

With regard to heart disease, which of the following statements is a particular concern for women?

A) On average, women with heart disease have fewer complications than men.
B) On average, women get heart disease as frequently as men.
C) On average, women experience more noticeable symptoms of cardiovascular disease than
Men)
D) On average, more women die of cardiovascular disease than men.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What is the ideal resting blood pressure?

A) 100 over 75 or lower
B) 110 over 70 or lower
C) 120 over 90 or lower
D) 140 over 80 or lower

Question 5

Which of the following is a characteristic of an atherogenic diet?

A) It is high in omega-3 fatty acids.
B) It is high in polyunsaturated fats.
C) It is high in trans fats.
D) It is high in monounsaturated fats.

Question 6

Which of the following nutrient toxicities is known to impair immunity?

A) vitamin D
B) iron
C) folate
D) copper

Question 7

Which of the following lifestyle choices is among the most powerful risk factors associated with heart disease?

A) increasing age
B) presence of obesity
C) cigarette smoking
D) alcohol consumption

Question 8

What do levels of high-density lipoproteins HDLs) tell us about a person's health?

A) HDLs are associated with being underweight.
B) HDLs are highly predictive of cancer.
C) HDLs are contributing factors for osteoporosis.
D) HDLs are predictive of heart disease.

Question 9

What carries cholesterol away from the cells to the liver for other uses or for disposal?

A) low-density lipoproteins LDL)
B) high-density lipoproteins HDL)
C) C-reactive proteins
D) triglycerides

Question 10

What is the reason for the formation of plaque that accumulates in the artery walls?

A) an autoimmune response to an infection
B) an inflammatory response to tissue damage
C) a metabolic response to low fibre intake
D) a biological response to elevated sodium intake

Question 11

Elevated levels of which of the following blood lipids are associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease CVD)?

A) high-density lipoproteins HDL)
B) triglycerides TG)
C) total cholesterol Total-C)
D) low-density lipoproteins LDL)

Question 12

What is the most important factor in maintaining the best possible immune system support?

A) herbal remedies
B) phytochemicals
C) nutrient supplements
D) adequate nutrition

Question 13

The metabolic syndrome greatly increases a person's risk of developing which of the following conditions?

A) cancer
B) osteoporosis
C) cardiovascular disease
D) hypertension

Question 14

What is the name for the scavenger white blood cells that engulf and remove debris from the body?

A) neutrophils
B) basophages
C) macrophages
D) eosinophils

Question 15

Food safety is of paramount concern for individuals living with which of the following conditions?

A) AIDS
B) anemia
C) hypertension
D) osteoporosis

Question 16

Which of the following immune system changes results from protein-energy malnutrition?

A) increased antibody secretion
B) reduced number of immune cells
C) thicker skin, with more connective tissue
D) increased size of immune system organs

Question 17

What is the name for a blood clot that dislodges and travels throughout the blood vessels?

A) aneurysm
B) thrombus
C) plaque
D) embolus

Question 18

In men, aging becomes a significant risk factor for heart disease at what age?

A) 30
B) 35
C) 40
D) 45

Question 19

What is the name for a stationary blood clot that blocks a blood vessel?

A) aneurism
B) embolism
C) thrombus
D) atherosclerosis

Question 20

People with which of the following diseases may be more susceptible to potential heart damage?

A) diabetes
B) osteoporosis
C) cancer
D) AIDS

Question 21

Which of the following food sources provides soluble fibre that helps to improve blood cholesterol?

A) oatmeal
B) skim milk
C) orange juice
D) cream of wheat

Question 22

Which of the following steps should you take to control your risk of developing cardiovascular disease CVD)?

A) Consume red meat at least twice a week.
B) Eat plenty of foods containing viscous fibre.
C) Take a daily folic acid supplement.
D) Use margarine in the place of olive oil.

Question 23

How do sterols and stanol esters reportedly work to improve heart health?

A) They block absorption of cholesterol from the intestine.
B) They decrease artery pressure caused by blood flow.
C) They halt weight gain by blocking fat absorption in the body.
D) They reduce the body's absorption of some phytochemicals.

Question 24

According to the World Health Organization and Health Canada, people should limit their daily cholesterol intake to what amount?

A) 75 milligrams
B) 150 milligrams
C) 250 milligrams
D) 300 milligrams

Question 25

Saturated fat should remain below what percentage of calories in the diets of healthy people living in Canada and the United States?

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 20%
D) 30%

Question 26

Blood cholesterol and the rate of death from heart disease are low when fish, fruits, and vegetables are eaten in abundance and dietary fat consists mostly of which of the following kinds of fats?

A) trans fats
B) omega-6 fats
C) saturated fats
D) unsaturated fats

Question 27

Which of the following foods limits clot formation of blood platelets?

A) fatty fish, such as salmon
B) oils, such as palm kernel oil
C) citrus fruits, such as grapefruit
D) whole grains, such as whole-wheat bread

Question 28

What heart health benefits have been reported with moderate alcohol consumption?

A) reduced blood pressure
B) decreased LDL cholesterol
C) increased HDL cholesterol
D) elevated triglycerides

Question 29

Heart-healthy diets are low in which of the following nutrients?

A) calcium
B) carbohydrate
C) protein
D) saturated fat

Question 30

What is the name for the deadly cluster of cardiovascular disease CVD) conditions that includes insulin resistance and central obesity?

A) Raynaud's syndrome
B) metabolism syndrome
C) metabolic syndrome
D) Marfan syndrome

Question 31

What percentage of Canadians between the ages of 18 and 70 are affected by chronic high blood pressure?

A) 10%
B) 16%
C) 22%
D) 27%

Question 32

Which of the following individuals is at highest risk for developing hypertension?

A) a 45-year-old man of European descent who is a vegetarian
B) a 50-year-old woman of Asian descent who is physically inactive
C) a 40-year-old Black Canadian man whose parents had hypertension
D) a 25-year-old university student who is slightly overweight

Question 33

Which of the following factors is a risk for the development of hypertension?

A) underweight
B) inherited genes
C) moderate exercise
D) gender

Question 34

Which of the following foods is a source of heart healthy essential fatty acids?

A) shelled peanuts
B) stick margarine
C) whole milk
D) regular ground beef

Question 35

High blood pressure damages the blood vessel walls, resulting in which of the following consequences to the body?

A) heart disease
B) stroke
C) kidney stones
D) aneurysm

Question 36

Replacing saturated fat in the diet with simple sugars may cause which of the following risks for CVD?

A) increased HDL cholesterol
B) increased triglycerides
C) increased blood pressure
D) increased homocysteine

Question 37

Which of the following factors is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome?

A) low fasting blood glucose
B) low blood HDL) cholesterol
C) low body mass index BMI)
D) low blood pressure

Question 38

According to Health Canada, what is the upper limit for the percentage of calories from total fat in the diet each day?

A) 20%
B) 25%
C) 30%
D) 35%

Question 39

Which of the following dietary factors helps improve blood lipids?

A) insoluble fibre
B) simple carbohydrate
C) omega-3 fatty acids
D) coconut oil

Question 40

Trans fatty acids are classified with which of the following types of fats for the purposes of dietary recommendations to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease CVD)?

A) unsaturated fats
B) saturated fats
C) monounsaturated fats
D) polyunsaturated fats

Question 41

What percentage range of total cancers is influenced by diet?

A) 5-7%
B) 8-15%
C) 20-50%
D) 30-60%

Question 42

What is the name for compounds that might have a positive effect on cancers, such as the fibre found in cruciferous vegetables?

A) lipid oxidizers
B) vitamin precursors
C) phytochemicals
D) oxygen-retarding agents

Question 43

To help prevent hypertension, people should limit their sodium intake to how many milligrams?

A) 2,000 milligrams
B) 2,200 milligrams
C) 2,300 milligrams
D) 2,600 milligrams

Question 44

Alcohol intake is associated with higher rates of which of the following cancers?

A) cancer of the mouth
B) stomach cancer
C) cancer of the prostate
D) lung cancer

Question 45

Which of the following herbs is in the "hazard undefined" category?

A) lobelia
B) feverfew
C) hemlock
D) belladonna

Question 46

Which of the following herbs is in the "could be hazardous" category?

A) echinacea
B) pennyroyal
C) sassafras
D) valerian

Question 47

According to epidemiological studies, which of the following is correlated with low cancer rates?

A) high fat intakes
B) low unsaturated fat intakes
C) low whole grain intakes
D) high vegetable intakes

Question 48

Which of the following beverages may have a negative effect on blood pressure?

A) beer
B) water
C) chocolate milk
D) orange juice

Question 49

What does DASH stand for?

A) Diet Achieves Superior Hypertension
B) Dietary Assistance Subdues Hypertension
C) Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
D) Decreased Alcohol Stops Hypertension

Question 50

Which of the following factors is strongly associated with higher rates of cancers of the throat?

A) alcohol use
B) body fatness
C) dietary calcium
D) salty foods

Question 51

Individuals with hypertension should consume foods rich in which of the following nutrients?

A) chloride
B) potassium
C) folate
D) selenium

Question 52

Which of the following foods is a cruciferous vegetable?

A) green onions
B) carrots
C) spinach
D) turnips

Question 53

Which of the following terms is used to describe the spreading of cancer cells via the blood and lymph?

A) free-radical production
B) initiation
C) metastasis
D) carcinogenesis

Question 54

What type of cancer has been associated with a diet high in salted and salt-preserved foods?

A) stomach
B) bladder
C) lung
D) breast

Question 55

What is the name for the by-product that potatoes and other carbohydrate-rich foods develop during high-temperature cooking?

A) acetaldehyde
B) acrylamide
C) acetyl alcohol
D) acetone

Question 56

Which of the following approaches would assist a 54-year-old overweight man to reduce his blood pressure?

A) Limit his intake of potassium.
B) Avoid consuming caffeine.
C) Reduce his body weight.
D) Decrease his unsaturated fat intake.

Question 57

Abdominal fatness has been associated with which of the following cancers?

A) lung
B) liver
C) pancreatic
D) stomach

Question 58

What is the best action you can take to reduce your risk of cancer?

A) limit foods that are baked and poached
B) consume a fat restricted diet
C) eat a variety of vegetables and fruits daily
D) take vitamin and mineral supplements

Question 59

Which of the following nutrients plays a special role with respect to cervical and colon cancer?

A) vitamin E
B) vitamin C
C) folate
D) beta-carotene

Question 60

Which of the following groups has a higher rate of salt-sensitive individuals?

A) all women
B) adults under 50 years of age
C) men with thyroid disease
D) Black Canadians

Question 61

Which of the following terms is defined by Health Canada as "similar in appearance to, or may be, a conventional food that is consumed as part of a usual diet and is demonstrated to have physiological benefits and/or reduce the risk of chronic disease beyond basic nutritional functions?"

A) heart-healthy foods
B) functional foods
C) neutraceutical foods
D) anti-carcinogenic foods

Question 62

Most people have well-developed plaques by the time they reach age 20.

Question 63

Thirty minutes of light, balanced exercise, performed at intervals throughout the day, can improve the odds against heart disease.

Question 64

Degenerative diseases are often referred to as chronic diseases.

Question 65

Describe what is meant by the term "metabolic syndrome."

Question 66

In food-related businesses, the strategy of offering more food for even a little more money at each selling opportunity pays off in greater profits.

Question 67

The risk of cancer rises with body mass index BMI).

Question 68

Excess calories from carbohydrates, protein, and fat all raise cancer rates.

Question 69

How would you decide whether certain diet recommendations are especially important to decrease your risk of degenerative diseases?

Question 70

Which of the following food components is considered a functional food?

A) benzene
B) omega-6 fatty acids
C) pyridoxine
D) lycopene

Question 71

Describe the effects that protein-energy malnutrition PEM) has on the various immune-system organs and tissues.

Question 72

Which of the following nutrients may have a protective effect against colorectal cancer?

A) folate
B) magnesium
C) potassium
D) calcium

Question 73

Constituents in foods may be cancer-causing, cancer-promoting, or protective against cancer.

Question 74

Which of the following factors influences today's meals?

A) nutrient needs
B) fibre content
C) ease of preparation
D) freshness of the food

Question 75

A person that consumes a large-sized fast food meal once a week stands to gain a total of five pounds of body fat in a year's time.

Question 76

A deficiency or toxicity of even a single nutrient can weaken the body's defenses considerably.

Question 77

Degenerative diseases are the only type of diseases that afflict people in developed countries.

Question 78

Cardiovascular disease CVD) is a man's disease.

Question 79

Describe dietary and other factors for reducing risk of cardiovascular disease CVD).

Question 80

Which of the following behaviours does an obesogenic environment promote?

A) advertising to adults
B) sedentary lifestyles
C) consumption of whole grains
D) cooking locally grown foods