Deck 7: The Vitamins

Question 1

Which of the following vitamins is water-soluble?

A) vitamin C
B) vitamin K
C) vitamin A
D) vitamin D

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Why should people avoid using mineral oil as a laxative?

A) It may cause excretion of the fat-soluble vitamins.
B) It may lead to toxic levels of the fat-soluble vitamins in the body.
C) It may interfere with the absorption of water-soluble vitamins.
D) It may induce stomach ulcers.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Any disease that brings about deficiencies of vitamins A, D, E, and K, can also result in malabsorption of what nutrient?

A) water
B) carbohydrate
C) fat
D) protein

Answer 3

C

Question 4

For a healthy man, an adequate daily intake of vitamin A averages around how many micrograms?

A) 700 micrograms
B) 900 micrograms
C) 1,200 micrograms
D) 1,500 micrograms

Question 5

Which of the following conditions may be a symptom of a vitamin A deficiency?

A) acne
B) arthritis
C) blindness
D) birth defects

Question 6

What is the name given to the drying of the cornea, a symptom of vitamin A deficiency?

A) rhodopsin
B) keratinization
C) xerophthalmia
D) xerosis

Question 7

According to population studies, which of the following conditions is more prevalent in people whose diets lack foods rich in beta-carotene?

A) anemia
B) macular degeneration
C) osteomalacia
D) rickets

Question 8

Which of the following food items contains active vitamin A?

A) soybeans
B) apricots
C) potatoes
D) fish oils

Question 9

Which of the following vitamins can be obtained entirely from non-food sources for some people?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin E
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin D

Question 10

Which of the following supplements is considered hazardous to the body of individuals who smoke?

A) vitamin C
B) vitamin D
C) beta-carotene
D) folic acid

Question 11

In what process does vitamin A play a critical role?

A) prevention of tooth decay
B) blood clotting
C) reproduction
D) nerve transmission

Question 12

Xerosis is a condition caused by a deficiency of what vitamin?

A) vitamin E
B) vitamin A
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin D

Question 13

A friend is worried that he did not meet the recommended intakes for the fat-soluble vitamins yesterday. What would you advise him to do?

A) He should sot be concerned, as long as his diet as a whole provides average amounts that
Approximate the recommended intakes.
B) He should supplement his diet with a vitamin-mineral supplement.
C) He should try to consume more fats and oils to get the needed nutrients.
D) He should increase his consumption of foods rich in fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 14

The amount of vitamin A that a person needs is dependent upon what factor?

A) body weight
B) body composition
C) activity level
D) age

Question 15

Which of the following foods is richest in beta-carotene?

A) blueberries
B) beets
C) broccoli
D) red cabbage

Question 16

What is the name for the active form of vitamin A stored in the liver?

A) beta-carotene
B) retinol
C) gamma-tocopherol
D) alpha-A

Question 17

Healthy people can eat vitamin A-rich foods in large amounts without risking toxicity, with the possible exception of which of the following foods?

A) eggs
B) cheese
C) fortified breakfast cereals
D) liver

Question 18

By definition, a vitamin is which of the following characteristics?

A) a non-essential nutrient
B) needed in large amounts
C) indispensable to body function
D) an inorganic compound

Question 19

What is the name for a compound in food that can be converted into an active vitamin inside the body?

A) coenzyme
B) provitamin
C) precursor
D) enzyme

Question 20

Which of the following substances is required for fat-soluble vitamins to be absorbed?

A) insulin
B) chyme
C) bile
D) cholesterol

Question 21

Which of the following individuals would be likely to synthesize sufficient amounts of vitamin D without having to eat foods containing the vitamin?

A) A person with dark skin who jogs 15-minutes outside daily.
B) A person who goes to a tanning booth twice a week.
C) A light-skinned person who takes a 20-minute walk outdoors daily.
D) A person who works in an office with windows across an entire wall.

Question 22

Which of the following sources supplies about 20 percent of the vitamin E people consume?

A) fortified grains
B) milk and yogurt
C) vegetable oils and products made from them
D) meats, fish, poultry, and eggs

Question 23

What is the current DRI committee recommended daily intake for vitamin D for adults between 19 and 50 years of age?

A) 7 micrograms
B) 10 micrograms
C) 15 micrograms
D) 20 micrograms

Question 24

Which of the following items is a nonfood source of vitamin K?

A) antibiotics
B) cold temperatures
C) intestinal bacteria
D) sunlight

Question 25

You have a friend who gets very little exposure to the sun, consumes very few calcium-rich foods, and has a two-year-old child and three-month-old twins. Which of the following diseases is she at very high risk for developing?

A) pellagra
B) rickets
C) osteomalacia
D) beriberi

Question 26

Which of the following vitamins is an antioxidant nutrient that actively scavenges and quenches free radicals in the body?

A) vitamin E
B) riboflavin
C) vitamin K
D) niacin

Question 27

What is the recommended daily intake for vitamin D for adults over 70?

A) 7 micrograms
B) 10 micrograms
C) 15 micrograms
D) 20 micrograms

Question 28

If a person consumes more polyunsaturated oil, for what vitamin does that person's need increase?

A) vitamin K
B) vitamin A
C) vitamin E
D) vitamin D

Question 29

Which organ especially benefits from vitamin E's antioxidant qualities?

A) lungs
B) muscle
C) liver
D) heart

Question 30

What is the name of the condition that occurs when insufficient vitamin E causes red blood cells to rupture?

A) infantile anemia
B) vitamin E anemia
C) leukocyte hemolysis
D) erythrocyte hemolysis

Question 31

Which of the following foods is the only animal food source rich in vitamin K?

A) eggs
B) fish
C) liver
D) cheese

Question 32

Which group of people is most likely to suffer from vitamin D poisoning?

A) women
B) teenagers
C) infants
D) athletes

Question 33

What is the main function of vitamin K in the body?

A) It helps synthesize key bone proteins.
B) It acts as an antioxidant in cell membranes.
C) It influences body functions through its regulation of the genes.
D) It helps synthesize proteins that help clot the blood.

Question 34

Which of the following foods provides a significant amount of vitamin E?

A) whole milk
B) wheat germ
C) pork chop
D) chicken wings

Question 35

The chief function of vitamin E is to serve as what?

A) an enzyme
B) a vitamin antagonist
C) an antioxidant
D) a precursor

Question 36

Which two vitamins ensure the health of bones?

A) B₁₂ and D
B) C and D
C) K and D
D) A and B₁

Question 37

Health Canada recommends that all exclusively breastfed healthy term infants in Canada receive a daily supplement of which vitamin?

A) Vitamin B₂
B) Vitamin B₁
C) Vitamin B₁₂
D) Vitamin D

Question 38

According to Canada's Food Guide, an adult's need for vitamin D supplementation begins after what age?

A) 40 years
B) 45 years
C) 50 years
D) 55 years

Question 39

Which of the following vitamins is potentially the most toxic to the body?

A) vitamin D
B) vitamin K
C) vitamin A
D) vitamin E

Question 40

Which of the following foods is a significant source of vitamin D in Canada?

A) milk
B) cereal
C) margarine
D) tuna

Question 41

The B vitamins act as part of what?

A) antibodies
B) anticoagulants
C) intrinsic factors
D) coenzymes

Question 42

To prevent hemorrhage, newborn babies are given a single dose of what vitamin at birth?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin K
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin D

Question 43

How do B vitamins interact with energy-yielding foods?

A) B vitamins produce energy only by interacting with carbohydrates.
B) B vitamins help to convert the foods we eat into energy.
C) B vitamins provide an essential source of additional energy.
D) B vitamins produce energy only by interacting with fatty acids.

Question 44

Which of the following foods may assist with the absorption of folate?

A) strawberries
B) milk
C) broccoli
D) oranges

Question 45

What is one of the most important functions of vitamin C?

A) It protects against nervous system disorders.
B) It prevents blood clotting.
C) It produces and maintains collagen.
D) It maintains bone density.

Question 46

Which of the following foods would you recommend to someone who needs to increase intake of thiamin?

A) orange juice
B) steak
C) legumes
D) spinach

Question 47

In the 1990s, Health Canada made it mandatory for food manufacturers to fortify bleached wheat flour in products with which of the following vitamins?

A) synthetic folate
B) niacin equivalent
C) pantothenic acid
D) natural riboflavin

Question 48

Which of the following statements best describes the body's handling of water-soluble vitamins?

A) They can easily reach toxic levels.
B) They are stored extensively in tissues.
C) They are easily absorbed and excreted.
D) They are dissolved in fat and water.

Question 49

In Canada, which of the following groups has the highest rate of scurvy?

A) alcohol addicts
B) vegetarians
C) breastfed infants
D) young women

Question 50

What is the name of the disease that results from thiamin deficiency?

A) beriberi
B) scurvy
C) pellagra
D) osteomalacia

Question 51

Which of the following vitamins aids in the conversion of tryptophan to niacin?

A) vitamin C
B) vitamin B₁₂
C) folate
D) vitamin B₆

Question 52

According to researchers, which of the following vitamins has a positive effect on the immune system?

A) vitamin K
B) vitamin C
C) thiamin
D) niacin

Question 53

What is the name for the type of anemia that results from a vitamin B₁₂ deficiency caused by a lack of intrinsic factor?

A) microcytic anemia
B) pernicious anemia
C) macrocytic anemia
D) sickle-cell anemia

Question 54

Pellagra results from a deficiency of which vitamin?

A) niacin
B) vitamin B₁₂
C) vitamin C
D) thiamin

Question 55

Which of the following individuals is most likely to develop Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

A) a person who abuses alcohol intake
B) a person who eats a high intake of grains
C) a person who is a vegetarian
D) a person who consumes fast food daily

Question 56

What colour does a person's skin turn from consuming toxic levels of vitamin K?

A) yellow
B) orange
C) reddish blue
D) purple

Question 57

For which of the following groups of people would vitamin C supplements cause adverse effects?

A) people with too much folate in their blood
B) people with thyroid conditions
C) people with kidney disorders
D) people with colds

Question 58

If strict vegetarians are uninformed, for which vitamin might they be especially at risk for deficiency?

A) vitamin B₁₂
B) niacin
C) vitamin B₆
D) folate

Question 59

Which of the following B vitamins is especially important for women of childbearing age to reduce the risk for neural tube defects?

A) vitamin B₆
B) vitamin B₁₂
C) folate
D) biotin

Question 60

For healthy women, the Dietary Reference Intakes DRI) committee recommends how many milligrams per day of vitamin C?

A) 45 milligrams per day
B) 60 milligrams per day
C) 75 milligrams per day
D) 90 milligrams per day

Question 61

What vitamin do people need in amounts proportional to their protein intake?

A) folate
B) niacin
C) vitamin B₆
D) vitamin B₁₂

Question 62

The B vitamin coenzymes) helps to extract the energy from food during metabolism.

Question 63

Vitamin E is so widespread in food that it is almost impossible to create a vitamin E-deficient diet.

Question 64

Which of the following statements would be a valid reason to consider taking supplements?

A) Food grown in today's soils lack nutrients.
B) Supplements will provide the body with energy.
C) Women of childbearing age benefit from a supplement.
D) Supplements will help the body to better cope with stress.

Question 65

Which of the following side effects can result from an excess of vitamin A?

A) constipation
B) cataracts
C) hair loss
D) hives

Question 66

Vitamin A has the distinction of being the first fat-soluble vitamin to be recognized.

Question 67

Vitamin D acts at three body locations to raise the blood calcium level. What are they?

Question 68

Carnitine, inositol, and lipoic acid are all important vitamins for the body.

Question 69

The body can synthesize vitamin D once sunscreen with sun protection factor SPF) of 8 or above is applied to the skin.

Question 70

The body stores up to six years worth of vitamin B₁₂.

Question 71

Vitamin C supplements will prevent the common cold.

Question 72

Vitamin B₆ helps convert the amino acid tryptophan into which of the following neurotransmitters?

A) calcitonin
B) acetylcholine
C) serotonin
D) melatonin

Question 73

A deficiency of which of the following vitamins causes excess homocysteine to build up in the blood?

A) thiamin
B) vitamin B₁₂
C) pantothenic acid
D) niacin

Question 74

What are the potential problems for an individual if he or she consumes toxic levels of vitamin E supplements?

Question 75

Which of the following foods is among the best natural sources of folate?

A) breakfast cereals
B) fresh strawberries
C) cooked turnip
D) raw spinach

Question 76

Differentiate between retinol and beta-carotene and explain what retinol activity equivalents are.

Question 77

An individual suffers from hypoglycemia and an increased sensitivity to insulin. This is indicative of a deficiency of which B vitamin?

A) pantothenic acid
B) riboflavin
C) biotin
D) pyridoxine

Question 78

Why might an elderly person benefit from taking a supplement?

A) They lose nutrients faster than foods can supply them.
B) They are at risk of developing neural tube defects.
C) They often over-consume their daily energy needs.
D) They absorb or metabolize nutrients less efficiently.

Question 79

What vitamin participates in over 100 reactions in body tissues and is needed to help convert one kind of amino acid, which cells have in abundance, to other nonessential amino acids that cells lack?

A) vitamin B₆
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin B₁₂
D) vitamin A

Question 80

What percentage of the Canadian population recently reported that they take vitamin supplements?

A) 12%
B) 24%
C) 53%
D) 65%