Deck 3: The Remarkable Body

Question 1

Along with oxygen, what is one of the cells' most basic needs?

A) alcohol
B) energy
C) proteins
D) fats

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What is the term used to describe proteins made by the immune system that combine with and inactivate specific antigens?

A) phagocytes
B) helper T-cells
C) antibodies
D) microbes

Answer 2

C

Question 3

On average, how often do the cells lining the digestive tract replace themselves?

A) every 3 days
B) every 2 weeks
C) every 4 months
D) every 12 months

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following poses a formidable obstacle to a successful organ transplant?

A) antibodies
B) T-cells
C) B-cells
D) phagocytes

Question 5

Which one of the following organs chemically alters materials so that they can be used by other tissues?

A) gallbladder
B) small intestine
C) kidneys
D) liver

Question 6

Which of the following body components determines the nature of the cell's work?

A) genes
B) enzymes
C) red blood cells
D) organs

Question 7

Which of the following cells is the first to defend the body tissues against invaders?

A) phagocytes
B) T-cells
C) lymphocytes
D) B-cells

Question 8

What is the name of the disease in which the body's helper T-cells are attacked and destroyed?

A) cystic fibrosis
B) AIDS
C) muscular dystrophy
D) diabetes

Question 9

Which of the following types of cells are unable to reproduce and are lost forever if damaged by injury or disease?

A) red blood cells
B) muscle cells
C) brain cells
D) skin cells

Question 10

What is the name for the hormone and the organ that respond to a drop in blood glucose levels in the body?

A) glycogen and liver
B) insulin and liver
C) glucagon and pancreas
D) thyroxin and thyroid

Question 11

Which of the following descriptions best represents cells?

A) speed up chemical reactions
B) building blocks of the body
C) vital components of foods
D) self-contained living entities

Question 12

What is the name for the part of the brain that senses a variety of conditions in the blood, such as glucose content and salt content?

A) cerebrum
B) pituitary gland
C) hypothalamus
D) frontal lobe

Question 13

Which of the following hormones is released by the pancreas in response to a high concentration of blood sugar glucose)?

A) insulin
B) grehlin
C) glucagon
D) epinephrine

Question 14

Which cells release antibodies into the bloodstream to fight infection?

A) helper T-cells
B) T-cells
C) A-cells
D) B-cells

Question 15

Why might a person be able to eat when hunger sensation is absent?

A) The stomach intensifies its contractions and creates hunger pangs.
B) The conscious mind of the cortex can override body signals.
C) The digestive tract sends messages to the hypothalamus.
D) The hypothalamus anticipates the availability of nutrients.

Question 16

What do cells release as a waste product from the burning of oxygen and nutrients?

A) water
B) glycogen
C) amino acids
D) carbon dioxide

Question 17

Which of the following fluids moves from the bloodstream into tissue spaces?

A) blood
B) lymph
C) plasma
D) intracellular fluid

Question 18

What coordinates the nervous system's role in hunger regulation?

A) liver
B) pancreas
C) spinal cord
D) brain

Question 19

What is the name for the hormone released by the small intestine and signals the pancreas to release pancreatic fluid for the digestion process?

A) pepsin
B) proteases
C) secretin
D) cholecystokinin

Question 20

Which of the following body changes occurs as part of the stress response?

A) The liver releases glucose from its stores.
B) The muscles relax.
C) The digestive system slows down.
D) The blood pressure decreases.

Question 21

What is the primary task of the colon during digestion and absorption of food?

A) reabsorption of water
B) neutralizing stomach acid
C) absorption of vitamins
D) breakdown of proteins

Question 22

As a person becomes malnourished, the absorptive surface of the small intestine responds in which of the following ways?

A) It expands in length.
B) It becomes more efficient at its job.
C) It decreases in size.
D) It remains unchanged.

Question 23

What should you do to alleviate heartburn?

A) Drink liquids during meals.
B) Wear tight fitting clothing.
C) Eat smaller meals.
D) Lie down after meals.

Question 24

You have just consumed a meal very high in fat. As a result, hormones cause the release of what substance?

A) bile
B) hydrochloric acid
C) mucus
D) bicarbonate

Question 25

What is the common name for the burning sensation in the chest area caused by backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus?

A) hernia
B) hiccups
C) ulcer
D) heartburn

Question 26

The stomach's main function is the digestion of what nutrient or nonnutrient?

A) carbohydrate
B) fat
C) fibre
D) protein

Question 27

In what part of the body does chemical digestion begin?

A) stomach
B) mouth
C) liver
D) small intestine

Question 28

Which of the following recommendations would assist most with the long-term alleviation of constipation?

A) Take a laxative.
B) Drink enough water.
C) Limit physical activity.
D) Consume foods with starch.

Question 29

Which of the following functions does the pancreas perform?

A) It manufactures enzymes to digest all energy yielding nutrients.
B) It adds acid and fluid to the large intestine.
C) It reabsorbs water and minerals.
D) It conducts bile to the small intestine.

Question 30

Which of the following hormones is thought to be a "hunger hormone?"

A) secretin
B) gastrin
C) grehlin
D) glucagon

Question 31

What is the name of the muscle that is responsible for controlling the release of partly digested food into the small intestine?

A) esophageal sphincter
B) intestinal valve
C) pyloric valve
D) colon valve

Question 32

What is the major site of digestion and absorption of nutrients?

A) mouth
B) small intestine
C) large intestine
D) stomach

Question 33

The body is able to store potentially large amounts of which nutrient?

A) fat
B) water
C) protein
D) glycogen

Question 34

Which of the following foods do you need to consume in intervals throughout the day?

A) fat-containing foods
B) mineral-rich foods
C) vitamin-rich foods
D) carbohydrate-containing foods

Question 35

Which of the following advice about reducing intestinal gas is the most accurate?

A) Rinse canned beans before consuming them.
B) Chew gum between meals.
C) Suck on hard candies after eating a fatty meal.
D) Increase consumption of carbonated beverages.

Question 36

Human taste buds have an inborn aversion for which of the following food items?

A) pears
B) pudding
C) broccoli
D) fruit juice

Question 37

Which of the following compounds is released in an effort to neutralize the acidic contents of the stomach before entering the small intestine?

A) bile
B) chyme
C) gastric juice
D) bicarbonate

Question 38

The lymphatic vessels are initially responsible for transporting which of the following products of digestion?

A) fat
B) protein
C) minerals
D) carbohydrate

Question 39

What is the major role of the process known as peristalsis?

A) making chyme
B) pushing food through the digestive tract
C) helping nutrients pass into the lymph system
D) reabsorbing water

Question 40

How long does it take for the liver's glycogen supply to be depleted if it is not replenished by food?

A) 1-3 hours
B) 3-6 hours
C) 4-8 hours
D) 6-9 hours

Question 41

Which of the following organs makes most of the body's alcohol-processing machinery?

A) brain
B) stomach
C) pancreas
D) liver

Question 42

Which of the following is considered one alcoholic drink?

A) 50 mL 2 oz) shotglass of vodka
B) 142 mL 5 oz) glass of wine
C) 250 mL 4 oz) can of beer
D) 500 mL 8 oz) bottle of wine cooler

Question 43

Almost all food protein is digested and absorbed.

Question 44

Describe how hormones affect nutrition.

Question 45

Timing of meals is important because the digestive tract is unable to digest food at certain times.

Question 46

The body stores some nutrients in much smaller quantities than other nutrients.

Question 47

Differentiate between the mechanical and chemical aspects of digestion.

Question 48

Briefly describe the actions of the body's phagocytes and lymphocytes.

Question 49

What vitamin is the most dramatically affected by excess alcohol in the body?

A) vitamin A
B) folate
C) thiamine
D) vitamin B₆

Question 50

What is the percentage of alcohol in 90 proof liquor?

A) 10%
B) 45%
C) 63%
D) 90%

Question 51

Explain how the lining of the digestive tract is able to remain intact despite begin in contact with powerful digestive juices and enzymes.

Question 52

Which of the following actions will restore sobriety in someone who has been drinking alcohol?

A) drinking coffee
B) eating food
C) walking
D) passing of time

Question 53

What medical condition could be suspected for an individual that reports regularly consuming large amounts of alcohol, has inadequate food intake, and shows signs of poor muscle coordination, paralysis of the eye muscles, and damaged nerves?

A) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
B) osteoporosis
C) heart disease
D) stomach ulcer

Question 54

The body's saliva is strongly acidic.

Question 55

Cells form tissues that perform specialized tasks. Tissues are grouped together to form whole organs.

Question 56

Describe what instinctively occurs within the body during the stress response and the number one health consequence for people living in modern civilization.

Question 57

What are the recommended limits for the consumption of alcohol for the average-sized healthy woman?

A) 3 drinks per day
B) 4 drinks on any occasion
C) 10 drinks per week
D) 15 drinks per month

Question 58

How does alcohol affect body functions?

A) It strengthens the body's defenses against infection.
B) It slows down the synthesis of fatty acids.
C) It alters amino acid metabolism.
D) It decreases urine output.

Question 59

Which of the following situations is most likely to make a person intoxicated almost immediately when drinking alcoholic beverages?

A) The drinks are mixed with very little water.
B) Carbohydrate snacks are consumed at the same time.
C) Drinks are consumed quickly.
D) The stomach is empty.

Question 60

Body fluids provide tissues with a continuous supply of energy, oxygen, and nutrients, including water.

Question 61

How would you respond to the statement, "people should not consume fruit and meat at the same meal?"

Question 62

Describe what happens to digestion and absorption in cases of severe undernutrition.

Question 63

Explain how hiccups develop.

Question 64

What advice would you give to someone interested in improving appetite with alcohol?

Question 65

What is chronic constipation and how does it impact an individual's long-term health?

Question 66

Explain the effects of antacids in managing heartburn.

Question 67

Explain why sources of carbohydrate should be consumed at intervals throughout the day.

Question 68

Who should not drink alcoholic beverages at all?