Deck 10: Globalization

Question 1

Sanderson and Alderson argue that the globalization process as a whole is driven primarily by:

A) the continued expansion and evolution of the capitalist world-economy
B) new tastes and values
C) ideological changes
D) political changes

Answer 1

the continued expansion and evolution of the capitalist world-economy

Question 2

Glenn Firebaugh's research on world income inequality not the level of economic development) indicates that the polarization of the world-economy predicted by world- system theory:

A) has not increased significantly since the 1960s
B) has dramatically increased
C) has dramatically decreased

Answer 2

has not increased significantly since the 1960s

Question 3

Growth in the number of international agreements, accords, and alliances defines globalization:

A) economic
B) political
C) social
D) cultural

Answer 3

political

Question 4

After the 1870-1914 period, there occurred:

A) a continued intensification of globalization
B) a "deglobalizing" trend that lasted for several decades
C) continued economic globalization but reduced sociocultural and political globalization

Question 5

Free production zones are:

A) regions within highly developed countries where the costs of production are so low that labor is practically free
B) geographical areas in Third World countries devoted to special economic activities that involve few restrictions on the use of labor and where labor is extremely cheap
C) production zones in state socialist societies where goods are produced that are given away to the public

Question 6

For Manuel Castells, globalization has involved the transition from a "world-economy" to a "global economy." By this he means that:

A) there has emerged a worldwide economy with the capacity to work as a single unit
B) capital accumulation now occurs all over the world
C) the gap between the core and the periphery is continuing to widen
D) previously marginized economic regions are now being included in the new economy

Question 7

Which of the following is a good indicator of political globalization?

A) growth in the number of IGOs and INGOs
B) increased democratization in the Third World
C) an increase in the number of sovereign states in the world
D) all of these

Question 8

Which of the following is a good indicator of economic globalization?

A) an increase in the ratio of world trade to world economic output
B) an increase in the ratio of cross-border capital flows to world economic output
C) an increase in the flow of people across international borders
D) all of these

Question 9

George Stiglitz believes that globalization is here to stay but that it needs to be reformed and regulated. Stiglitz believes that a key dimension of this reform and regulation should be:

A) making the World Trade Organization into a more democratic and more accountable organization
B) abolishing the World Trade Organization
C) abolishing the World Bank
D) abolishing the International Monetary Fund

Question 10

Which of the following have been charges made against the World Trade Organization?

A) it places profits ahead of environmental concerns and human well being
B) it is undemocratic in its operations and procedures
C) it increases world inequality
D) all of these

Question 11

On the positive side of the debate over globalization, it needs to be pointed out that:

A) life expectancy in the less-developed world increased from about 46 in 1960 to over 65 in 1997
B) infant mortality in the less-developed world declined from about 150 in 1960 to 57 or less in 2000
C) there has been a decline between 1970 and 1997 in the absolute number of people in the world who are starving
D) all of these

Question 12

A good indicator of sociocultural globalization would be:

A) changing fashions in New York and Paris
B) an increase in the number of actors and actresses who win academy awards
C) McDonald's giving up the "supersizing" of meals
D) the establishment of thousands of McDonald's restaurants all over the world

Question 13

The "new international division of labor or "global capitalism" that has emerged in the context of globalization is one in which:

A) manufacturing has increasingly been relocated from the core to the periphery and semiperiphery
B) skill-intensive work has increasingly been monopolized by peripheral countries
C) core countries have increasingly specialized in manufacturing, peripheral countries in agriculture and mining
D) labor-intensive work has been increasingly monopolized by the core countries

Question 14

Research by Lomborg and by Goesling is Firebaugh's research:

A) inconsistent with
B) irrelevant to
C) highly consistent with

Question 15

Which of the following is a good definition of globalization?

A) the tendency to a worldwide reach, impact, or connectedness of social phenomena
B) the widening, deepening, and speeding up of worldwide interconnectedness in all aspects of modern social life
C) both of these
D) neither of these

Question 16

In the period between 1870 and 1914:

A) the ratio of world trade to world economic output was nearly as high as it was in the 1970s and 1980s
B) cross-border capital flows were very extensive
C) tens of millions of people migrated across international borders
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 17

Who made the following statement? "Constant revolutionising of production, uninterrupted disturbance of all social conditions, everlasting uncertainty and agitation, distinguish the bourgeois epoch from all earlier ones. All fixed, fast-frozen relations, with the train of ancient and venerable prejudices and opinions, are swept away, all new-formed ones become antiquated before they can ossify. All that is solid melts into air."

A) Woody Allen
B) Marvin Harris
C) Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
D) Irving Berlin

Question 18

The increasing integration of the world-economy through international production, finance, trade, and investment is a definition of globalization:

A) economic
B) political
C) social
D) cultural

Question 19

The increasing harmonization of institutions, tastes, preferences, norms, and values on a world scale defines globalization:

A) economic
B) political
C) sociocultural
D) institutional

Question 20

The primary target of the antiglobalization critics is:

A) the World Trade Organization
B) the Santa Barbara, California, Chamber of Commerce
C) the United States Congress
D) Ford Motor Company

Question 21

The second Club of Rome report, made by Meadows, Meadows, and Randers in 1992, used computer simulations of population growth and resource use. Their findings led them to conclude that the following had to be implemented within 20 years if an ecologically sustainable world throughout the 21^st century were to be possible:

A) pollution controls
B) a more resource-efficient technology
C) every couple in the world limiting itself to two children
D) every nation in the world limiting its industrial output to the level of contemporary South Korea
E) all of these

Question 22

Sociocultural globalization involves the emergence of a "world polity" of unified nation- states.

Question 23

Sanderson and Alderson argue that:

A) globalization will continue for decades to come without any reversals at all
B) there is nothing inevitable about continuing globalization and a reversal of the current globalizing trend could occur
C) globalization is about to burn itself out and will stop within the next ten years
D) none of these

Question 24

Bjorn Lomborg was originally a Greenpeace activist who began his research to refute the optimistic account of the environment written by Julian Simon.

Question 25

The recent study of ecological sustainability by Bjorn Lomborg predicts that:

A) the rate of deforestation is considerably less than the pessimists have argued
B) we are likely to run out of food within the next 20 to 30 years
C) we are running out of fossil fuels at an alarming rate
D) air pollution is not improving in the developed world and is continuing to deteriorate in the Third World

Question 26

Some indicators of globalization include decreasing rates of economic trade, less concern with national sovereignty, and a reduced interest in cultural variety.

Question 27

All scholars view globalization as a unidimensional process and focus primarily on single dimensions of globalization, such as the world-capitalist economy.

Question 28

World-system theorists argue that globalization is not something entirely new; there have been earlier periods of trade globalization prior to the modern period.

Question 29

The growth of international nongovernmental organizations INGO's) is an indication of increasing political globalization.

Question 30

Students of globalization such as Castells argue that the costs of non-participation in the new global economy are growing larger and larger for underdeveloped countries and that they have little choice but to attempt to participate in it.

Question 31

There is a great deal of disagreement as to whether globalization is a beneficial or harmfulprocess.

Question 32

Sanderson and Alderson conclude that globalization has done more harm than good for the world's people.

Question 33

The crossing of national boundaries by such cultural icons as fast food restaurants, movies, and music is a sure indicator of sociocultural globalization.

Question 34

The 1999 Human Development Report reported that in 1960 the ratio of the world's richest income quintile to the world's poorest quintile was 30:1 and that by 1990 it had increased to 600:1 and by 1997 to 7,400:1.

Question 35

Glenn Firebaugh argues that the Human Development Report estimates of changes in world inequality are misleading because they do not use a proper measure of world income inequality. For Firebaugh, a proper measure is a Purchasing Power Parity PPP) measure.

Question 36

Which of the following does Lomborg argue concerning global warming?

A) global warming is just as bad as the pessimists have been saying
B) global warming is even worse than the pessimists have been saying
C) global warming is probably not as bad as the pessimists are saying
D) none of these

Question 37

Lomborg argues that the most logical response to global warming is to:

A) do nothing because global warming is not a serious problem
B) take immediate action to reduce global warming because it is a very serious problem
C) follow the guidelines of the Kyoto Protocol of 2001
D) reduce emissions moderately and use the new technology of the coming years to deal with the consequences of climate change

Question 38

Globalization is a process whereby there is a growing "consciousness of the world as a whole."

Question 39

A major indicator of economic globalization is the increasing flow of people across international borders.

Question 40

The original Club of Rome report on the environment issued in 1972:

A) was optimistic about environmental sustainability for the long-term future
B) predicted ecological disaster within twenty years if major changes in population growth and resource use were not made within 20 years
C) predicted severe ecological problems within the next 50 to 75 years if major changes in population growth and resource use were not made
D) was widely acclaimed and readily accepted

Question 41

Sanderson and Alderson side strongly with the environmentalists on the state of the environment and believe an ecological collapse will occur if we don't greatly lessen the taxation of our natural resources.

Question 42

It is safe to say that today's globalization process will definitely improve every dimension of life for everyone around the globe.

Question 43

Among scholars and laypersons, opinions about globalization do not vary greatly, and most are in favor of it.

Question 44

Discuss the similarities and differences between economic, political, and sociocultural globalization. Be sure to give examples of each.

Question 45

Julian Simon and Bjorn Lomborg argue that the pessimistic "ecological collapse"
perspective of the radical environmentalists is wrong, and the state of the environment is actually improving.

Question 46

Discuss the views of those in favor of globalization and those who are critical of it. Explain the logic of both perspectives using examples to show the reasons behind the perspective. Which perspective do you agree with, and why?

Question 47

Explain why some scholars believe globalization is a new process whereas others see it as merely a new phase in an already globalized world. Give examples to support both perspectives.

Question 48

Explain the varying theories that explain what is driving the globalization process. What do Sanderson and Alderson think is the right way to explain the process?

Question 49

There is some dissension among scholars concerning the "newness" of globalization - some see it as a new trend, whereas others see it as merely a new phase in an already globalized world.

Question 50

Discuss the two perspectives on globalization and the environment: the radical environmentalists, who think globalization is driving the world toward ecological
collapse, and the scholars who think the state of the environment is improving. Provide examples to support each perspective. Which perspective do you agree with, and why?

Question 51

Many scholars urge a wise and rational management of globalization lest its processes lead to tragic results.

Question 52

Sanderson and Alderson argue that globalization seems to have done more good than harm, but that it can still be improved.

Question 53

Historical economic processes reveal that today's globalization is something entirely new and not at all representative of the past.