Deck 19: Functions of the Blood Vessels

Question 1

Which of the following structures has the greatest effect on vascular resistance?

A) veins
B) arterioles
C) heart
D) capillaries

Answer 1

arterioles

Question 2

Which of the following is most likely to induce a reflex bradycardia?

A) development of hypovolemic (low blood volume)shock,as in hemorrhage
B) exertion of pressure over the carotid sinus (tight collar)
C) administration of nitroglycerine (a vasodilator drug)
D) administration of a diuretic for hypertension

Answer 2

exertion of pressure over the carotid sinus (tight collar)

Question 3

Which of the following best indicates why a person who is taking antihypertensive drugs should not drink alcohol or sit in a hot tub?

A) hypokalemia (low potassium)and flabby muscles
B) hypertensive crisis and stroke
C) vasodilation and hypotension
D) hemolysis and jaundice

Answer 3

vasodilation and hypotension

Question 4

If capillary hydrostatic pressure (CHP)exceeds plasma oncotic pressure,

A) fluid moves from the interstitium into the capillary.
B) no net flux of water occurs.
C) blood volume expansion occurs.
D) fluid is filtered into the interstitium.

Question 5

Blood pressure is lowest in the

A) inferior vena cava.
B) aorta.
C) circle of Willis.
D) femoral artery.

Question 6

A sphygmomanometer measures

A) blood flow.
B) hematocrit.
C) blood pressure.
D) oxygen saturation.

Question 7

Which condition is characterized by poor skin turgor?

A) expanded blood volume
B) pulmonary edema
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C) varicose veins
D) dehydration

Question 8

Which of the following is most related to the systolic reading,diastolic reading,and Korotkoff sounds?

A) cardiac output
B) blood pressure
C) the electrical activity of the heart
D) coronary blood flow

Question 9

Which of the following is most likely to develop if the pressure within the pulmonary capillaries increases?

A) pedal edema
B) pulsating jugular veins
C) pulmonary edema
D) varicose veins

Question 10

Blood flow is slowest in the

A) aorta.
B) capillaries.
C) venules.
D) arterioles.

Question 11

If plasma oncotic pressure exceeds CHP,

A) fluid is filtered from the capillary into the interstitium.
B) fluid moves osmotically into the capillary from the interstitium.
C) plasma proteins diffuse from the capillary into the interstitium.
D) blood volume decreases.

Question 12

Plasma oncotic pressure is due primarily to

A) blood pressure.
B) plasma proteins,especially albumin.
C) lymph.
D) electrolytes such as sodium and chloride.

Question 13

What do the baroreceptors regulate?

A) blood volume
B) hematocrit
C) blood pressure
D) rate of capillary filtration

Question 14

Which artery is most often used to measure the blood pressure?

A) carotid artery
B) brachial artery
C) femoral artery
D) circle of Willis

Question 15

Which of the following increases vascular resistance,stroke volume,and heart rate?

A) stimulation of the vagus nerve
B) stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system
C) administration of a sympatholytic drug
D) stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 16

The characteristic of the arteriole that allows it to function as a resistance vessel is its

A) thin membrane.
B) porous membrane.
C) valves.
D) smooth muscle.

Question 17

What is the pulse pressure when a person's blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg?

A) 120
B) 80
C) 40
D) Can't determine the pulse pressure from this information.

Question 18

If a child with nephrotic syndrome loses large amounts of albumin in his urine (albuminuria),

A) plasma oncotic pressure decreases and he develops edema.
B) capillary hydrostatic pressure increases,causing edema.
C) plasma oncotic pressure increases,thereby "pulling" fluid into the capillary,causing poor skin turgor.
D) lymph flow decreases.

Question 19

These blood vessels have very thin walls and are called the exchange vessels.

A) arterioles
B) veins
C) capillaries
D) arteries

Question 20

Which of the following is true? (CO is cardiac output,BP is blood pressure,SV is stroke volume,HR is heart rate,R is resistance)

A) CO = HR × SV × pulse pressure
B) BP = CO× SV × R
C) BP = SV × pulse pressure
D) BP = SV × HR × R

Question 21

Which term refers to drugs that cause vasodilation and reduce vascular resistance?

A) diuretics
B) antihypertensive drugs
C) inotropic drugs
D) sympathomimetic drugs

Question 22

A sudden rise in blood pressure is most likely to produce a baroreceptor-induced

A) (+)inotropic effect.
B) bradycardia.
C) narrowed pulse pressure.
D) increased heart rate.

Question 23

If plasma osmolarity increases,as in dehydration or the infusion of mannitol (a sugar solution),

A) filtration rate increases.
B) fluid is forced out of the capillary into the interstitium.
C) fluid is "pulled" into the capillary from the interstitium.
D) plasma proteins diffuse out of the capillary into the interstitium.

Question 24

Which of the following drugs is most likely to increase vascular resistance?

A) (+)inotropic agent
B) arteriolar constrictor
C) arteriolar dilator
D) vasodilator

Question 25

Edema is least likely to occur in which of the following?

A) Plasma oncotic pressure decreases because of starvation.
B) Plasma oncotic pressure decreases because the child filters large amounts of albumin into his urine.
C) Plasma osmolarity increases when the patient becomes dehydrated.
D) A woman with breast cancer has surgery that involves a breast amputation and removal of the lymph nodes/vessels.

Question 26

If the lymphatic vessels are blocked or surgically removed,

A) excess fluid is filtered out of the capillary.
B) plasma oncotic pressure decreases,thereby causing fluid to leak out of the capillary.
C) fluid and protein accumulate in the interstitium,thereby causing edema.
D) excess fluid moves into the capillary,thereby "drying out" the interstitium.

Question 27

Which of the following exerts a vasopressor effect?

A) diuretic
B) alpha1 adrenergic agonist
C) beta1 adrenergic antagonist
D) sympatholytic

Question 28

What is the term that refers to the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure reading?

A) pulse deficit
B) cardiac output
C) stroke volume
D) pulse pressure

Question 29

With which word/phrase is afterload most associated?

A) heart rate
B) arteriolar vasoconstriction
C) (+)inotropic effect
D) venous return

Question 30

Capillary hydrostatic pressure is a reflection of

A) plasma proteins.
B) albumin.
C) lymph.
D) blood pressure.

Question 31

A newly diagnosed hypertensive patient is started on prazosin.Within the hour,he complains of dizziness and loses consciousness.What has happened?

A) The drug activated the baroreceptors causing an intense parasympathetic discharge,thereby increasing blood pressure and precipitating a mild stroke.
B) The prazosin has decreased his blood pressure too much;the drug-induced hypotension caused the fainting event (syncope).
C) The prazosin causes spasm of the cerebral blood vessels,which,in turn,causes loss of consciousness.
D) The patient experienced a hypertensive crisis.

Question 32

A drug that activates alpha? adrenergic receptors

A) causes a vasodepressor effect.
B) is classified as a (+)inotropic drug.
C) elevates blood pressure.
D) is classified as an antihypertensive drug.

Question 33

Which part of the brain participates in the baroreceptor reflex?

A) cerebrum
B) corpus callosum
C) cerebellum
D) medulla oblongata

Question 34

Both epinephrine and norepinephrine are

A) steroids.
B) secreted by the adrenal cortex.
C) vasopressors.
D) blood pressure-lowering hormones.

Question 35

Which of the following elevates blood pressure?

A) diuretics
B) vasodilators
C) vasopressors
D) antihypertensive drugs

Question 36

A pregnant woman notices that her ankles are swollen after standing for 6 hours at her place of employment.In the evening when she elevates her feet,the swelling diminishes because

A) capillary hydrostatic pressure in the blood vessels of the lower extremities decreases.
B) plasma oncotic pressure decreases.
C) plasma oncotic pressure increases.
D) lymphatic drainage decreases.

Question 37

If the left ventricle of the heart fails,blood backs up in the pulmonary capillary,

A) decreasing plasma oncotic pressure and drying out the lung.
B) blocking the flow of lymph and drying out the lungs.
C) increasing capillary hydrostatic pressure and forcing fluid into the lungs.
D) increasing plasma oncotic pressure,causing pulmonary edema.

Question 38

An IV infusion of mannitol (a hypertonic sugar solution)is used to decrease intracranial pressure in a head-injured patient because the mannitol

A) provides calories for the healing of the injured brain.
B) is absorbed by the injured brain cells and pulls water into the brain cells from the tissue fluid.
C) pulls water out of the interstitium of the brain into the capillaries,thereby relieving edema.
D) "clumps" the plasma proteins together,thereby severely diminishing plasma oncotic pressure.

Question 39

Which statement is not true about baroreceptors?

A) can induce a reflex tachycardia
B) located in the carotid sinus and aortic arch
C) activated by hypoxemia
D) activated by a hemorrhage-induced decline in blood pressure