Deck 5: The Human Tissues

Question 1

Excitable cells respond to outside stimuli by means of changes in plasma membrane shape.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Fibrocartilage is found in intervertebral discs.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Nonkeratinized cells exfoliate from the surface of the skin.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The clear gel inside a cell is called

A)matrix.
B)ground substance.
C)interstitial fluid.
D)cytosol.
E)tissue fluid.

Question 5

Mesoderm gives rise to muscle, bone, and blood.

Question 6

Blood consists of cells and a ground substance made of formed elements.

Question 7

Scar tissue helps to hold an organ together but does not restore normal function of the damaged
tissue.

Question 8

The gives rise to the .

A)mesoderm; digestive glands
B)endoderm; muscular system and skeletal system
C)ectoderm; nervous system and epidermis
D)endoderm; mesoderm
E)mesoderm; endoderm

Question 9

The duct of an endocrine gland leads into the bloodstream rather than onto an epithelial surface.

Question 10

Plasma cells produce the ground substance that forms the matrix of connective tissues.

Question 11

The four primary tissue types found in adult organs include all of the following except

A)connective.
B)fibrous.
C)nervous.
D)epithelial.
E)muscular.

Question 12

The secretory product of a gland is produced by its parenchyma, not its stroma.

Question 13

This image shows a

A)cross section.
B)oblique section.
C)transverse section.
D)sagittal section.
E)longitudinal section.

Question 14

Smooth and cardiac muscles are under involuntary control.

Question 15

In an epithelium, there is almost no extracellular matrix.

Question 16

A thin, stained slice of tissue mounted on a microscope is called a

A)fixative.
B)histological section.
C)spread.
D)stain.
E)smear.

Question 17

Desmosomes are more effective than tight junctions in preventing substances from passing between
cells.

Question 18

Dendrites in a neuron send outgoing signals to other cells.

Question 19

The clear gel that usually surrounds cells is called interstitial fluid.

Question 20

Columnar cells lining the small intestine show a brush border of microvilli on the apical surface.

Question 21

lines body cavities, covers the body surface, and forms the lining of many organs.

A)Interstitial tissue
B)Muscle tissue
C)Adipose tissue
D)Epithelial tissue
E)Nervous tissue

Question 22

epithelium provides a moist and slippery surface and is well suited to resist stress, as in the .

A)Transitional; tongue
B)Keratinized; tongue
C)Nonkeratinized; skin
D)Keratinized; skin
E)Nonkeratinized; vagina

Question 23

epithelium is the most widespread epithelium in the body, whereas epithelium is rare.

A)Simple columnar; stratified columnar
B)Stratified squamous; stratified columnar
C)Pseudostratified; stratified squamous
D)Simple cuboidal; stratified squamous
E)Stratified squamous; simple squamous

Question 24

An epithelium with all cells tall and narrow and with every cell touching the basement membrane is called

A)stratified squamous.
B)stratified cuboidal.
C)simple cuboidal.
D)simple columnar.
E)pseudostratified columnar.

Question 25

Marfan syndrome is a hereditary defect in elastin fibers.People with this syndrome have

A)hyperextensible joints.
B)a small cranium.
C)elastic bones.
D)stronger bones.
E)viscous blood.

Question 26

epithelium found in the bladder resembles epithelium, but the apical cells are rounded, not flattened.

A)Transitional; stratified squamous
B)Stratified squamous; pseudostratified
C)Stratified squamous; stratified columnar
D)Simple columnar; pseudostratified
E)Transitional; simple cuboidal

Question 27

epithelium allows for rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs.

A)Simple squamous
B)Simple cuboidal
C)Simple columnar
D)Stratified squamous-keratinized
E)Stratified squamous-nonkeratinized

Question 28

These features are common to all connective tissues except

A)most cells are not in direct contact with each other.
B)interstitial fluid is so scarce that it is not visible with a light microscope.
C)cells usually occupy less space than extracellular material.
D)protein fibers are usually present in the ground substance.
E)most of them are highly vascular.

Question 29

Most kidney tubules are made of this tissue specialized for absorption and secretion.

A)simple columnar epithelium
B)stratified columnar epithelium
C)pseudostratified columnar epithelium
D)simple cuboidal epithelium
E)stratified cuboidal epithelium

Question 30

epithelium is associated with rapid transport of substances through a membrane, whereas epithelium is associated with resistance to abrasion.

A)Simple columnar; transitional
B)Simple squamous; stratified squamous
C)Simple cuboidal; pseudostratified
D)Pseudostratified; simple squamous
E)Pseudostratified; simple cuboidal

Question 31

These are all types of fibrous connective tissues except

A)reticular tissue.
B)hyaline cartilage.
C)dense regular connective tissue.
D)dense irregular connective tissue.
E)areolar tissue.

Question 32

All cells in this tissue reach the basement membrane and only cells that reach the free surface have cilia.

A)pseudostratified columnar
B)simple columnar
C)stratified columnar
D)stratified cuboidal
E)stratified squamous

Question 33

New triglycerides are constantly synthesized and stored and others are hydrolyzed and released into circulation mostly from cells in

A)blood.
B)fibrous connective tissue.
C)adipose tissue.
D)reticular tissue.
E)transitional tissue.

Question 34

These are features that fibrous connective tissues have in common except

A)very conspicuous fibers.
B)the presence of fibroblasts.
C)the presence of collagen.
D)ground substance with a gelatinous to rubbery consistency.
E)a calcified matrix.

Question 35

A brush border of microvilli belongs to epithelium found in the .

A)pseudostratified; nasal cavity
B)simple cuboidal; esophagus
C)simple columnar; small intestine
D)stratified squamous; anal canal
E)stratified squamous; esophagus

Question 36

The shape of a person's external ear is given by

A)dense regular connective tissue.
B)dense irregular connective tissue.
C)elastic cartilage.
D)fibrocartilage.
E)ligaments.

Question 37

tissue is highly vascular, whereas is not.

A)Epithelial; cartilage
B)Muscular; osseous tissue
C)Dense regular connective; dense irregular connective tissue
D)Areolar; cartilage
E)Nervous; osseous tissue

Question 38

secrete the rubbery matrix of cartilage, whereas produce the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of fibrous connective tissue.

A)Chondroblasts; plasma cells
B)Mast cells; fibroblasts
C)Osteocytes; chondroblasts
D)Chondroblasts; fibroblasts
E)Adipocytes; plasma cells

Question 39

cells in simple columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelia produce protective mucous coatings over the mucous membranes.

A)Basement membrane
B)Simple
C)Basal
D)Keratinized
E)Goblet

Question 40

The basement membrane is found between

A)epithelium and connective tissue.
B)epithelium and extracellular material.
C)epithelium and intracellular material.
D)extracellular material and intracellular material.
E)interstitial fluid and extracellular fluid.

Question 41

The membrane that lines digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts consists of

A)simple squamous epithelium and dense irregular connective tissue.
B)areolar and dense irregular connective tissue.
C)epithelium and lamina propria.
D)areolar tissue and lamina propria.
E)simple squamous epithelium and areolar tissue.

Question 42

Nervous tissue consists predominantly of two cell types, neurons and

A)fibroblasts.
B)chondrocytes.
C)neuroglia.
D)myocytes.
E)osteocytes.

Question 43

glands secrete mucin, which combines with water to form a thick and sticky product, whereas glands produce a relatively watery fluid.

A)Mucous; serous
B)Merocrine; holocrine
C)Apocrine; mixed
D)Endocrine; exocrine
E)Serous; mucous

Question 44

After six months of lifting weights at the gym you notice that some of your muscles have increased in size.This increase in size is due to of muscle cells.

A)hyperplasia
B)neoplasia
C)hypertrophy
D)metaplasia
E)atrophy

Question 45

This primary germ layer is the middle layer, called , and gives rise to a gelatinous material called , which gives rise to different types of connective tissue such as bone, muscle, and blood.

A)ectoderm; stem cells
B)mesoderm; mesenchyme
C)endoderm; mesenchyme
D)mesoderm; fibroblasts
E)ectoderm; mesenchyme

Question 46

A connective tissue fiber refers to a(n) , a nerve fiber refers to a(n) , and a muscle fiber refers to a(n) .

A)entire cell; organelle; tissue
B)organelle; entire cell; part of a cell
C)organelle; entire cell; complex of macromolecules
D)complex of macromolecules; entire cell; part of a cell
E)complex of macromolecules; part of a cell; entire cell

Question 47

is found in the heart, and one of its functions is to .

A)Dense irregular connective tissue; allow for heart contraction and relaxation
B)Adipose tissue; store energy for the heart
C)Reticular tissue; provide support to the heart
D)Simple cuboidal epithelium; line the heart chambers
E)Blood; transport nutrients to the tissues

Question 48

secrete into .

A)Goblet cells; mucus; the blood
B)Endocrine glands; hormones; ducts
C)Exocrine glands; hormones; ducts
D)Endocrine glands; hormones; the blood
E)Exocrine glands; mucus; the blood

Question 49

In the intestine, ensure(s) that most digested nutrients pass through the epithelial cells and not between them.

A)plasma membrane
B)desmosomes
C)tight junctions
D)gap (communicating) junctions
E)ground substance

Question 50

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) help give the ground substance some of its qualities, such as

A)helping to transfer charges in the nervous system.
B)holding water and maintaining electrolyte balance.
C)giving bone its brittle, inorganic structure.
D)providing the major structural support of tendons and ligaments.
E)acting as an energy reserve for muscle contraction.

Question 51

This membrane lines passageways that open to the exterior environment.

A)lamina propria
B)endothelium
C)synovial membrane
D)serous membrane (serosa)
E)mucous membrane (mucosa)

Question 52

glands have branched ducts and secretory cells that form sacs at one end of the ducts.

A)Areolar
B)Simple acinar
C)Simple coiled tubular
D)Compound acinar
E)Compound tubuloacinar

Question 53

All these substances account for the gelatinous consistency of connective tissue ground substance except

A)glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).
B)proteoglycans.
C)chondroitin sulfate.
D)hyaluronic acid.
E)collagen.

Question 54

Fibroblasts and protein fibers are associated with both

A)dense regular and dense irregular connective tissues.
B)plasma and formed elements.
C)elastic cartilage and hyaline cartilage.
D)spongy bone and compact (dense) bone.
E)adipose tissue and reticular tissue.

Question 55

tissues respond quickly to outside stimuli by means of changes in membrane potential, thus they are called tissues.

A)Muscular and nervous; excitable
B)Connective and muscular; responsive
C)Adipose and areolar; complex
D)Epithelial and connective; irritable
E)Nervous and connective; excitable

Question 56

Skeletal muscle is described as

A)striated and voluntary.
B)striated and involuntary.
C)nonstriated and voluntary.
D)nonstriated and involuntary.
E)fibrous and contracting.

Question 57

Astronauts in zero gravity are able to move food through their digestive tracts because

A)smooth muscle produces waves of contractions that propel material through the digestive tract.
B)skeletal muscle puts pressure on the digestive tract.
C)cardiac muscle maintains a high pressure that moves material through the digestive tract.
D)striated muscle creates a pressure gradient that forces material from one end of the digestive tract to the other.
E)skeletal muscle sphincters contract and allow materials to move through digestive tract.

Question 58

glands (such as tear glands) have vesicles that release their secretion by exocytosis, whereas glands (such as oil-producing glands) secrete a mixture of disintegrated cells and their products.

A)Endocrine; exocrine
B)Mucous; serous
C)Cytogenic; apocrine
D)Mucous; cutaneous
E)Merocrine; holocrine

Question 59

Collagenous fibers are very abundant in

A)blood and hyaline cartilage.
B)blood, adipose tissue, and osseous tissue.
C)ligaments, bones, and the most superficial portion of the skin.
D)tendons, ligaments, and the deeper portion of the skin.
E)areolar tissue, tongue, and bones.

Question 60

exhibits a lot of apparently empty space, and is found in many serous membranes.

A)Blood
B)Areolar tissue
C)Osseous tissue
D)Dense irregular connective tissue
E)Adipose tissue

Question 61

The pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the bronchi in smokers may transform into stratified squamous epithelium.This exemplifies

A)neoplasia.
B)metaplasia.
C)atrophy.
D)differentiation.
E)hyperplasia.

Question 62

The replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue is called

A)necrosis.
B)apoptosis.
C)gangrene.
D)regeneration.
E)fibrosis.

Question 63

It is normal for breasts to shrink after lactation ceases.This is a consequence of in human breast cells.

A)necrosis
B)apoptosis
C)atrophy
D)infarction
E)gangrene

Question 64

Most biologists see embryonic stem (ES) cells as a possible treatment for diseases that result from the loss of functional cells.This possibility is based on the fact that ES cells are stem cells.

A)unipotent
B)multipotent
C)pluripotent
D)totipotent
E)omnipotent

Question 65

Macrophages in the healing of a skin wound.

A)release histamine to increase blood flow to the area
B)produce and secrete collagenous fibers
C)phagocytize and digest tissue debris
D)stimulate epithelial cells to multiply
E)make capillaries more permeable allowing white blood cells to migrate into the area