Deck 1: Major Themes of Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Organs are made of tissues.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Evolutionary (darwinian) medicine traces some of our diseases to our evolutionary past.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

wrote the most influential medical textbook of the ancient era.

A)Hippocrates
B)Aristotle
C)Galen
D)Vesalius
E)Avicenna

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Homeostasis and occupying space are both unique characteristics of living things.

Question 5

Cells were first named by microscopist Robert Hooke.

Question 6

An individual scientific fact has more information than a theory.

Question 7

A molecule of water is more complex than a mitochondrion (organelle).

Question 8

Feeling for swollen lymph nodes is an example of auscultation.

Question 9

All functions of the body can be interpreted as the effects of cellular activity.

Question 10

The hypothetico-deductive method is common in physiology, whereas the inductive method is
common in anatomy.

Question 11

was the first to publish accurate drawings of the body, and is thus regarded as "the father of modern anatomy."

A)Vesalius
B)Maimonides
C)Harvey
D)Aristotle
E)van Leeuwenhoek

Question 12

The terms development and evolution have the same meaning in physiology.

Question 13

Anatomists over the world adhere to a lexicon of standard international terms, which stipulates both
Latin names and accepted English equivalents.

Question 14

Feeling structures with your fingertips is called , whereas tapping on the body and listening for sounds of abnormalities is called

A)palpation; auscultation.
B)auscultation; percussion.
C)percussion; auscultation.
D)palpation; percussion.
E)percussion; palpation.

Question 15

The terms physics, physiology, and physician come from a term that proposed to distinguish natural causes from supernatural causes.

A)Hippocrates
B)Plato
C)Schwann
D)Aristotle
E)Avicenna

Question 16

Positive feedback helps to restore normal function when one of the body's physiological variables gets
out of balance.

Question 17

We can see through bones with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Question 18

Which of these is the best imaging technique for routinely examining the anatomical development of a fetus?

A)auscultation
B)PET scan
C)MRI
D)sonography
E)radiography

Question 19

Histology is the study of structures that can be observed without a magnifying lens.

Question 20

Negative feedback is a self-amplifying chain of events that tend to produce rapid change in the body.

Question 21

Humans are born before their nervous system have matured, which is traceable to

A)their inability to regulate body temperature.
B)skeletal adaptations to bipedalism.
C)the arboreal habits of early primates.
D)the conditions of modern civilization.
E)the diet of early species of Homo.

Question 22

established a code of ethics for physicians.He is considered the "father of medicine."

A)Aristotle
B)Hippocrates
C)Galen
D)Vesalius
E)Hooke

Question 23

Which of the following would contain the greatest amount of information that scientists consider to be true to the best of their knowledge?

A)a fact
B)a law of nature
C)a hypothesis
D)an equation
E)a theory

Question 24

The principal theory of how evolution works is called

A)natural pressure.
B)selective pressure.
C)darwinian pressure.
D)natural adaptation.
E)natural selection.

Question 25

The constant appearance of new strains of influenza virus is an example of

A)a model.
B)evolution.
C)selection pressure.
D)survivorship.
E)success.

Question 26

The use of controls and statistical testing are two aspects of experimental design that help to ensure

A)an adequate sample size.
B)objective and reliable results.
C)experimental bias.
D)psychosomatic effects.
E)treatment groups.

Question 27

is a process that submits a scientist's ideas to the critical judgment of other specialists in the field before the research is funded or published.

A)Adjudication
B)Statistical testing
C)Falsification
D)Peer review
E)Hypothetico-deductive testing

Question 28

Which of the following lists levels of human structure from the most complex to the simplest?

A)organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system
B)organ system, organ, cell, tissue, organelle
C)organ system, organelle, tissue, cell, organ
D)organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle
E)organ, organ system, tissue, cell, organelle

Question 29

A change in the genetic composition of a population over time is called

A)mutation.
B)natural selection.
C)selection pressure.
D)evolution.
E)adaptation.

Question 30

An educated speculation or a possible answer to a question is called a(n)

A)scientific method.
B)theory.
C)law.
D)hypothesis.
E)fact.

Question 31

The process of using numerous observations to develop general principles and predictions about a specific subject is called

A)experimental design.
B)deductive method.
C)inductive method.
D)hypothesis.
E)statistical testing.

Question 32

Most primates are , meaning they live in trees.

A)prehensile
B)bipedal
C)cursorial
D)troglodytic
E)arboreal

Question 33

A new drug apparently increases short-term memory.Students were divided randomly into two groups at the beginning of the semester.One group was given the memory pill once a day for the semester, and the other group was given a same-looking pill, but it was just sugar.The sugar pill is termed a(n)

A)controlled pill.
B)placebo.
C)treatment pill.
D)variable.
E)effective dose.

Question 34

Stereoscopic vision provides

A)opposable perception.
B)color perception.
C)depth perception.
D)bipedalism.
E)walking upright.

Question 35

Most people think that ulcers are caused by psychological stress.It was discovered that an acid- resistant bacterium, Heliobacter pylori, lives in the lining of the stomach.If these bacteria cause ulcers, then treatment with an antibiotic should reduce ulcers.This line of investigation is an example of

A)hypothetical reasoning.
B)hypothetico-deductive reasoning.
C)the inductive method.
D)experimental design.
E)statistical analysis.

Question 36

Our own species is called

A)Homo erectus.
B)Homo sapiens.
C)Homo habilis.
D)early Homo.
E)Australopithecus.

Question 37

An is composed of two or more tissues types, whereas are microscopic structures in a cell.

A)organ system, organs
B)organ system, organelles
C)organ, organelles
D)organ, molecules
E)organelle, molecules

Question 38

The study of structure and function of cells is called

A)cytology.
B)gross anatomy.
C)exploratory physiology.
D)comparative physiology.
E)radiology.

Question 39

Which of the following was an adaptation evolved in connection with human upright walking?

A)hair
B)thumbs fully opposable
C)stereoscopic vision
D)color vision
E)spinal and pelvic anatomy

Question 40

Two groups of people were tested to determine whether garlic lowers blood cholesterol levels.One group was given 800 mg of garlic powder daily for four months and exhibited an average 12% reduction in the blood cholesterol.The other group was not given any garlic and after four months averaged a 3% reduction in cholesterol.The group that was not given the garlic was the

A)peer group.
B)test group.
C)treatment group.
D)control group.
E)double-blind group.

Question 41

approaches understanding of the human body by studying interactions of its parts.

A)Naturalism
B)Reductionism
C)Vitalism
D)Holism
E)Rationalism

Question 42

The term fallopian tube (uterine tube) is an example of

A)a Latin root used in medical terminology.
B)the use of prefixes to name an anatomical structure.
C)the use of suffixes to name an anatomical structure.
D)an eponym.
E)an acronym.

Question 43

Blood glucose concentration rises after a meal and stimulates release of the hormone insulin.Insulin travels in the blood and stimulates body cells to uptake glucose from the bloodstream.This reduces blood glucose concentration.This is an example of

A)negative feedback.
B)positive feedback.
C)dynamic equilibrium.
D)integration control.
E)set point adjustment.

Question 44

The change in size of the bone marrow (where blood cells are produced) as an infant matures is an example of , whereas the transformation of blood stem cells into white blood cells is an example of

A)development, differentiation.
B)growth, development.
C)growth, differentiation.
D)differentiation, growth.
E)differentiation, development.

Question 45

A(n) is a group of similar cells and their intercellular materials in a discrete region of an organ performing a specific function.

A)macromolecule
B)organ system
C)organelle
D)organism
E)tissue

Question 46

We live in an ever-changing environment outside of our body, yet our internal conditions remain relatively stable.This is called

A)homeostasis.
B)metastasis.
C)responsiveness.
D)adaptation.
E)evolution.

Question 47

All of the following are organs except

A)teeth.
B)skin.
C)nails.
D)liver.
E)digestive system.

Question 48

Taking apart a clock to see how it works is similar to thinking about human physiology.

A)comparative
B)evolutionary
C)holistic
D)inductive
E)reductionist

Question 49

The fact that most of us have five lumbar vertebrae, but some people have six and some have four is an example of variation among organisms.

A)cellular
B)holistic
C)physiological
D)anatomical
E)reductionist

Question 50

Metabolism is the sum of

A)inhalation and exhalation.
B)growth and differentiation.
C)anabolism and catabolism.
D)positive and negative feedback.
E)responsiveness and movement.

Question 51

When you exercise you generate excess heat and your body temperature rises.Blood vessels dilate in the skin, warm blood flows closer to the body surface, and you lose heat.This exemplifies

A)negative feedback.
B)positive feedback.
C)dynamic equilibrium.
D)integration control.
E)set point adjustment.

Question 52

is the view that not everything about an organism can be understood or predicted from the knowledge of its components; that is, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

A)Naturalism
B)Reductionism
C)Holism
D)Materialism
E)Science

Question 53

Which of the following lists examples of body structures from the simplest to the most complex?

A)mitochondrion, connective tissue, protein, stomach, adipocyte (fat cell)
B)protein, mitochondrion, adipocyte (fat cell), connective tissue, stomach
C)mitochondrion, connective tissue, stomach, protein, adipocyte (fat cell)
D)protein, adipocyte (fat cell), stomach, connective tissue, mitochondrion
E)protein, stomach, connective tissue, adipocyte (fat cell), mitochondrion

Question 54

Which of the following is most likely to cause disease?

A)positive feedback
B)negative feedback
C)homeostasis
D)equilibrium
E)irritability

Question 55

The is defined as a healthy male 22 years old, weighing 70 kg (154 lb), under no environmental stress, and consuming 2,800 kilocalories (kcal) per day; whereas the is the same except for a weight of 58 kg (128 lb) and an intake of 2,000 kcal/day.

A)normal man, normal woman
B)normal male, normal female
C)average man, average woman
D)average male, average woman
E)reference man, reference woman

Question 56

When a woman is giving birth, the head of the baby pushes against her cervix and stimulates release of the hormone oxytocin.Oxytocin travels in the blood and stimulates the uterus to contract.Labor contractions become more and more intense until the baby is expelled.This is an example of

A)negative feedback.
B)positive feedback.
C)dynamic equilibrium.
D)integration control.
E)set point adjustment.

Question 57

The prefix hypo- means , whereas hyper- means .

A)front, back
B)right, left
C)inside, outside
D)clear, dark
E)below, above

Question 58

All of the following are human organ systems except

A)skeletal.
B)endocrine.
C)epidermal.
D)reproductive.
E)lymphatic.

Question 59

Three common components of a feedback loop are

A)a stimulus, an integrating (control) center, and an organ system.
B)a stimulus, a receptor, and an integrating (control) center.
C)a receptor, an integrating (control) center, and an effector.
D)a receptor, an organ, and an organ system.
E)a receptor, an integrating (control) center, and an organ system.

Question 60

are the simplest body structures considered alive.

A)Organ systems
B)Organs
C)Cells
D)Organelles
E)Molecules

Question 61

The lexicon of standard international anatomical terms

A)is called Terminologia Anatomica (TA).
B)is called Nomina Anatomica (NA).
C)is formed from thousands of English word roots.
D)is formed from thousands of Italian word roots.
E)is formed from thousands of French word roots.

Question 62

Hypercalcemia means

A)elevated calcium levels in blood.
B)lowered calcium levels in bone.
C)elevated sodium levels in blood.
D)elevated calcium levels in bone.
E)lowered calcium levels in the blood.

Question 63

The plural of villus (hair) is whereas the plural of diagnosis is

A)villuses, diagnosises.
B)villi, diagnoses.
C)villus, diagnosis.
D)villi, diagnosis.
E)villuses, diagnosis.