Deck 18: The Circulatory System: Blood

Question 1

Lymphocytes secrete antibodies, coordinate action of other immune cells, and serve in immune
memory.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Circulating WBCs spend most of their lives in the bloodstream.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Oxygen and carbon dioxide bind to different parts of hemoglobin.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

is not found in plasma.

A)Glycogen
B)Fibrinogen
C)Glucose
D)Urea
E)Albumin

Question 5

Blood viscosity stems mainly from electrolytes and monomers dissolved in plasma.

Question 6

Monocytes differentiate into large phagocytic cells.

Question 7

is a protein not commonly found in plasma.

A)Albumin
B)Hemoglobin
C)Transferrin
D)Prothrombin
E)Fibrinogen

Question 8

A person develops anti-A antibodies only after he is exposed to antigen A, and anti-B antibodies only
after he is exposed to antigen

Question 9

The buffy coat does not contain

A)lymphocytes.
B)granulocytes.
C)erythrocytes.
D)agranulocytes.
E)platelets.

Question 10

Lymphoid hemopoiesis occurs mainly in the bone marrow.

Question 11

Clotting deficiency can result from thrombocytopenia or hemophilia.

Question 12

After a wound is sealed, tissue repair is followed by fibrinolysis.

Question 13

Incompatibility of one person's blood with another results from the action of plasma antibodies against
the RBCs' antigens.

Question 14

Hemostasis is the production of formed elements of blood.

Question 15

Coagulation starts with a vascular spasm and ends with the formation of a platelet plug.

Question 16

Rh incompatibility between a sensitized Rh+ woman and an Rh- fetus can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Question 17

The liver stores excess iron in ferritin.

Question 18

Blood does not

A)transport a variety of nutrients.
B)help to stabilize the pH of extracellular fluids.
C)participate in the initiation of blood clotting.
D)produce plasma hormones.
E)help to regulate body temperature.

Question 19

The most important components of the cytoplasm of RBCs are hemoglobin and carbonic
anhydrase.

Question 20

The hematocrit is of the total blood volume.

A)less than 1%
B)47% to 63%
C)25% to 37%
D)42% to 45%
E)37% to 52%

Question 21

Most oxygen is transported bound to

A)the plasma membrane of erythrocytes.
B)alpha chains in hemoglobin.
C)beta chains in hemoglobin.
D)delta chains in hemoglobin.
E)heme groups in hemoglobin.

Question 22

A deficiency of can cause pernicious anemia.

A)vitamin C
B)iron
C)vitamin B12
D)EPO secretion
E)folic acid

Question 23

An increased erythropoietin (EPO) output by the kidneys would lead to all of the following except

A)increased hypoxemia.
B)increased blood osmolarity.
C)increased RBC production.
D)increased blood viscosity.
E)increased hematocrit.

Question 24

The viscosity of blood is due more to than to any other factor.

A)fibrin
B)albumin
C)sodium
D)erythrocytes
E)nitrogenous wastes

Question 25

Erythrocytes transport oxygen and

A)defend the body against pathogens.
B)initiate blood clotting.
C)regulate erythropoiesis.
D)transport nutrients.
E)transport some carbon dioxide.

Question 26

would not decrease colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in blood.

A)Severe liver failure
B)A diet predominantly based on red meat
C)Starvation
D)An extremely low-protein diet
E)Hypoproteinemia

Question 27

Serum is essentially identical to plasma except for the absence of .

A)fibrinogen
B)nitrogenous wastes
C)platelets
D)glucose
E)albumin

Question 28

is the most abundant protein in plasma.

A)Insulin
B)Creatine
C)Bilirubin
D)Albumin
E)Creatinine

Question 29

The ABO blood group is determined by in the plasma membrane of RBCs.

A)glycolipids
B)glycoproteins
C)antibodies
D)antigen-antibody complexes
E)agglutinins

Question 30

RhoGAM is an antibody given to Rh- women who give birth to Rh+ children.RhoGAM is what type of plasma protein?

A)gamma (γ) globulin
B)beta (β) globulin
C)alpha (α) globulin
D)fibrinogen
E)albumin

Question 31

Type A blood can safely donate RBCs to and can receive RBCs of type .

A)O; AB
B)AB; O
C)A; B
D)B; A
E)O; O

Question 32

The universal donor of RBCs, but not necessarily plasma, is

A)AB, Rh-negative.
B)AB, Rh-positive.
C)O, Rh-negative.
D)O, Rh-positive.
E)ABO, Rh-negative.

Question 33

What is the final product of the breakdown of the organic nonprotein moiety of hemoglobin?

A)biliverdin
B)bilirubin
C)globin
D)heme
E)iron

Question 34

Anemia has these potential consequences except

A)blood viscosity is increased.
B)the individual is lethargic.
C)blood osmolarity is reduced.
D)blood resistance to flow is reduced.
E)more fluid transfers from the bloodstream to the intercellular spaces.

Question 35

Type AB blood has RBC antigen(s).

A)no
B)anti-A and anti-B
C)anti-A
D)anti-B
E)A and B

Question 36

Many RBCs die in the

A)stomach and small intestine.
B)red bone marrow.
C)spleen and liver.
D)lymph nodes and thymus.
E)stomach and liver.

Question 37

If all the molecules of hemoglobin contained in RBCs were free in the plasma,

A)it would considerably increase blood oxygen carrying capacity.
B)it would facilitate delivery of oxygen into tissues supplied by small capillaries.
C)it would facilitate oxygen diffusion into cells distant from blood capillaries.
D)it would significantly increase blood osmolarity.
E)it would drastically increase osmotic colloid pressure.

Question 38

Correction of hypoxemia is regulated by

A)a self-amplifying mechanism.
B)an enzymatic amplification.
C)a positive feedback loop.
D)a negative feedback loop.
E)a cascade effect.

Question 39

is more likely to cause anemia than any of the other factors below.

A)High altitude
B)Air pollution other than by carbon monoxide
C)Renal disease
D)Smoking
E)Any factor that creates a state of hypoxemia

Question 40

Myeloid hemopoiesis in adults happens in the

A)thymus.
B)spleen.
C)red bone marrow.
D)yellow bone marrow.
E)liver.

Question 41

The differential count of typically increases in response to bacterial infections.

A)basophils
B)monocytes
C)erythrocytes
D)eosinophils
E)neutrophils

Question 42

This figure shows the formed elements of blood.What does "7" represent?

A)a monocyte
B)a lymphocyte
C)a neutrophil
D)an eosinophil
E)a basophil

Question 43

The structural framework of the blood clot is formed by

A)soluble fibrinogen.
B)soluble fibrin.
C)a fibrin polymer.
D)a fibrinogen polymer.
E)a thrombin polymer.

Question 44

Some lymphocytes can survive for

A)days.
B)weeks.
C)months.
D)years.
E)decades.

Question 45

A woman's first pregnancy is normal but her second pregnancy results in hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), or erythroblastosis fetalis.The second child needed a transfusion to completely replace the agglutinating blood.The mother is most likely type and both children are most likely .

A)A, Rh-negative; B, Rh-positive
B)A, Rh-positive; B, Rh-negative
C)O, Rh-negative; AB, Rh-negative
D)AB, Rh-positive; O, Rh-negative
E)AB, Rh-positive; O, Rh-positive

Question 46

Platelets release , a chemical vasoconstrictor that contributes to the vascular spasm.

A)heparin
B)thrombin
C)thromboplastin
D)prostacyclin
E)serotonin

Question 47

All these can cause leukopenia except

A)acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
B)lead poisoning.
C)radiation therapy.
D)dehydration.
E)immunosuppressant drugs.

Question 48

The cessation of bleeding is specifically called

A)vascular spasm.
B)homeostasis.
C)hemostasis.
D)platelet plug formation.
E)blood clotting (coagulation).

Question 49

These are the most abundant agranulocytes.

A)macrophages
B)eosinophils
C)monocytes
D)lymphocytes
E)neutrophils

Question 50

All of these prevent the spontaneous formation of a clot except

A)the presence of tissue thromboplastin.
B)the smooth prostacyclin-coated endothelium of blood vessels.
C)the dilution of thrombin when blood flows at a normal rate.
D)the presence of antithrombin in plasma.
E)the presence of heparin in plasma.

Question 51

When a clot is no longer needed, fibrin is dissolved by

A)prothrombin.
B)thromboplastin.
C)kallikrein.
D)plasmin.
E)platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF).

Question 52

Most strokes and heart attacks are caused by the abnormal clotting of blood in an unbroken vessel. Moreover, a piece of the (clot) may break loose and begin to travel in the bloodstream as a(n) .

A)thrombus; embolus
B)embolism; thrombus
C)plaque; thrombus
D)thrombosis; plaque
E)plaque; embolus

Question 53

The main reason why an individual AB, Rh-negative cannot donate blood to an individual A, Rh- positive is because

A)anti-A antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBCs of the recipient.
B)anti-A antibodies in the recipient will agglutinate RBCs of the donor.
C)anti-B antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBCs of the recipient.
D)anti-D antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBC of the recipient.
E)anti-B antibodies in the recipient will agglutinate RBCs of the donor.

Question 54

participates in the extrinsic mechanism only.

A)Calcium
B)Prothrombin activator
C)Prothrombin
D)Thromboplastin
E)Thrombin

Question 55

These are the least abundant formed elements.

A)platelets
B)basophils
C)erythrocytes
D)neutrophils
E)eosinophils

Question 56

aid in the body's defense processes by secreting histamine (vasodilator) and heparin (anticoagulant).

A)Eosinophils
B)Basophils
C)Neutrophils
D)Platelets
E)Monocytes

Question 57

Leukopoiesis begins with the differentiation of

A)pluripotent stem cells (PPSCs).
B)precursor cells.
C)colony-forming units (CFUs).
D)myeloblasts.
E)lymphoblasts.

Question 58

A total count above WBCs/μL is called leukocytosis.

A)100,000
B)50,000
C)10,000
D)5,000
E)1,000

Question 59

An individual has type B, Rh-positive blood.The individual has antigen(s) and can produce anti- antibody(ies).

A)A and D; B
B)B and D; A
C)B; A and D
D)A; B and D
E)D; A and B

Question 60

Most clotting factors are synthesized in the

A)spleen.
B)red bone marrow.
C)perivascular tissue.
D)kidneys.
E)liver.