Deck 44: Regulation of Arterial Pressure

Question 1

Antidiuretic hormone secretion is directly stimulated by

A) Increased distal tubule [Na+]
B) Decreased distal tubule [Na+]
C) Hyp ov olem ia
D) De cre ase d plas m a os m olarity
E) H ypo alb um ine m ia

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Decreasing blood volume

A) Decreases PMS
B) Shifts the cardiac function curve upw ard
C) Rotates the cardiac function curve counterclockwise
D) Rotates the cardiac function curve clockwise
E) Decre ase the slope of the vas cular function curve

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Diuretics

A) Shift the renal function curve to the right
B) Increase the pressure required to produce a given volume of urine
C) Increase the ECF volume
D) Increase the right atrial pressure
E) Shift the rena l function cu rve to the left

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Transiently decreasing arterial pressure in a normal person causes reflex

A) Bradycardia and vasodilation
B) Tachycardia and vasodilation
C) Bradycaria and vasoconstriction
D) Tachycardia and vasoconstriction
E) T ac hyc ar dia an d d iur es is

Question 5

Increasing the firing rate of the baroreceptors

A) Activates symp athetic output to the heart
B) Activate s pa rasym path etic ou tpu t to the hea rt
C) Inhibits parasym pathetic output to the heart
D) C au se s a ref lex tac hyc ar dia
E) Causes venoconstriction

Question 6

Incre ase d he art rate reflex ly caus ed b y dec reas ed b lood pres sur e is m ainly due to

A) Parasym pathetic stimulation of the left heart
B) Parasym pathetic stimulation of the right heart
C) Parasym pathetic withdrawal of the left heart
D) Para sym path etic w ithdra w al of the right h eart
E) Decre ased sym pathetic stimulation of the right heart

Question 7

Br ad yca rd ia

A) Is a slowing of the heart rate, generally caused by parasympathetic stimulation
B) Is a slowing of the heart rate, usually caused by removal of sympathetic tone
C) Is an acceleration of the heart rate, usually caused by removal of parasympathetic tone
D) Is an acceleration of the heart rate, usually caused by sympathetic stimulation
E) Is an acceleration of the heart rate usually caused by intrinsic mechanisms

Question 8

Re spira tory sinu s arr hythm ia refe rs to

A) P waves occasionally occur without QRS complexes during inspiration
B) Elongated PR segm ents on the ECG during inspiration
C) P waves unrelated to QRS com plexes during inspiration
D) Variation in the heart rate with respiratory rhythm
E) Acceleration of the heart rate during breath holding

Question 9

Afferent fibers from the barorecep tors

A) Input directly to cells in the nucleus ambiguus
B) C on ne ct d ire ctly to ce lls in the ros tra l ve ntr ola ter al m ed ulla
C) C on ne ct d ire ctly to ce lls in the ca ud al v en tro late ra l m ed ulla
D) C on ne ct d ire ctly to SA no da l ce lls
E) Connect directly to cells in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius

Question 10

The barorecep tors are

A) Sensors for blood gasses located in the carotid sinus and aortic arch
B) Sensors for blood pressure located in the carotid sinus and aortic arch
C) Receptors for sympathetic nerve transmitters near the SA node
D) Receptors for parasympathetic nerve transmitters near the SA node
E) Se ns or s f or atr ial s tre tch in th e a tria l wa ll

Question 11

The baroreceptors are best described as

A) Sensors for the arterial pressure leading to the head
B) Se ns or s f or the str etc h o f th e v en ou s r es er vo ir
C) Regulators of cranial perfusion
D) Se ns or s o f c en tra l ne rvo us sys tem hyp ox ia
E) Sensors of pulmonary oxygenation

Question 12

The fas test re spo nse of the hea rt to a d rop in blood pres sur e is du e to

A) Withdrawal of parasympathetic tone
B) Acceleration due to sympathetic discharge
C) Intrinsic response of the heart to decreased ventricular filling
D) Intrinsic response of the heart to Increased ventricular filling
E) W ithdrawal of sympathetic tone

Question 13

A "shift of the renal curve to the right" means

A) More pressure is required to excrete a given volume of urine
B) More fluid is excreted at a given press ure
C) Les s fluid is e xcrete d at a g iven pres sure
D) Less pressure is required to excrete a given volume of urine
E) Both A and C are correct

Question 14

W hen you stand up suddenly, what happens initially to the blood pressure at the carotid sinus, prior to any compensation?

A) It decreases by app roxim ately q gh where h is the distance between aorta and carotid sinus
B) Nothing happ ens to it because the ca rotid sinus is at the center of gravity of the circulatory system
C) Nothing happ ens to it because the he art rate Increases to adjust the pressu re
D) Nothing happ ens to it because the he art rate decreases to adjust the pressure
E) Nothing happ ens to it because the strok e volum e Increases to ad just the pressure

Question 15

The renal system participates in the long-term average of blood pressure by

A) Secret ing ADH
B) Secreting aldosterone
C) Secreting epinephrine
D) Regulating the volume of the ECF
E) Se cre ting an gioten sin II

Question 16

Increasing blood volume

A) Increases PMS
B) Shifts the cardiac function curve upw ard
C) Rotates the cardiac function curve counterclockwise
D) Rotates the cardiac function curve clockwise
E) Decre ases the slope of the vascular function curve

Question 17

Barorece ptors

A) Fire at a constant rate that depends on the average blood pressu re
B) Input into the vasomotor center located in the pons
C) Have a biphasic respons e to pressure, firing mos t frequently at the average pres sure
D) Have inputs ca rried by the spinal acces sory nerve
E) Fire o nly du ring s ystole at rates that d epe nd on th e m agn itude of the pres sure

Question 18

The arterial pressure is higher than the venous pressure because

A) The arterial compliance is less than the venous compliance
B) The heart pumps blood from the low pressure to high pressure side, making the pres sure
C) There is more blood in the venous side
D) The arteries constrict more
E) Flow occu rs from high to low pressure

Question 19

Ins pir atio n g en er ally

A) Increases the hea rt rate
B) Increases intrathoracic pressure
C) Decre ases ven ous return
D) Increases right atria pressu re
E) Has no effect on the cardiovascular system

Question 20

The baroreceptor afferents converge onto cells in the

A) NT S (n uc leus tract us solita rius ) in th e m ed ulla
B) N uc leu s a m big uu s in the m ed ulla
C) RVLM (rostral ventrolateral medulla)
D) CVLM (caudal ventrolateral medulla)
E) Sym pa the tic g an glia

Question 21

Vasoconstriction

A) Decreases the slope of the vascular function curve
B) Increases the slope of the vascular function curve
C) Shifts fluid from the ISF to the blood
D) Shifts fluid from the blood to the ISF
E) Both A and C are correct

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of sympathetic stimulation?

A) Venoconstriction
B) Vasoconstriction
C) Incre ase d ca rdiac con tractility
D) Increased slope of the vascular function curve
E) Shift of fluid from ISF to blood