Deck 65: The Adrenal Cortex

Question 1

Glucocorticoids

A) Are synthesized in the ER and stored in secretory vesicles for later secretion
B) Exert effects on their targets by binding to receptors on the plasma mem brane
C) Are secreted as they are synthesized without significant storage
D) Activate G-coup led receptors
E) Increase live r glyc og en olys is

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Glucocorticoids exert anti-inflamm atory effects by

A) Interfering with u B stimulation of the formation of inflamm atory cytokines
B) Blocking the action of a action
C) Blocking the action of IL-8
D) Blocking the action of IL-6
E) Binding to HSP90

Answer 2

A

Question 3

On e of th e m ain ef fec ts of A CT H in a dren oco rtical ce lls is to

A) Increase c on ve rs ion of c ho les ter ol to ch olic ac id
B) Increase lysosomal degradation of cytosolic proteins
C) Increase activity of phosphofructokinase
D) Increa se ac tivity of S tAR
E) Increase conversion of glucocorticoids to androgens

Answer 3

D

Question 4

CRH directly stimulates

A) ACTH secretion by activating a Gs -coupled receptor on corticotropes
B) TSH secretions by activating a G q - coupled receptor on thyrotropes
C) GH secretion by activating a G s-coupled receptor on somatotropes
D) Cortisol secretion
E) Aldosterone secretion

Question 5

ACTH is

A) Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
B) Actin complex trimerization hormone
C) Activin complex trophic hormone
D) Activin-complement transforming hormone
E) Alpha co-repressor transcription hormone

Question 6

In primary hypoadrenalism, you would expect

A) Decreased circulating ACTH
B) Decreased CRH
C) Increased skin p igmentation due to excess CRH
D) Increased skin pigmentation due to excess MSH as a by-product of ACTH secretion
E) Normal levels of aldosterone

Question 7

The m ain inhibition of ACTH secretion is by

A) SST
B) Ins ulin
C) IGF-1
D) GLP -1
E) Glucocorticoids

Question 8

CRH is m ade in cells in the

A) Anterior pituitary
B) Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
C) Posterior pituitary
D) Plac enta
E) O va ry

Question 9

The co ntrol of aldos teron e rele ase by the k idne y begin s with

A) Secret ion of ADH
B) Secretion of angiotensin I
C) Secret ion of ACE
D) Secretion of K +
E) Se cret ion of re nin

Question 10

The adrenal medulla secretes

A) Cortisol
B) Aldosterone
C) Androgens
D) Estrogens
E) Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 11

Mineralocorticoids and Glucocorticoids differ from other hormones in that they are the only hormones that

A) Bin d to c ytoso lic recep tors
B) Bind to nuclear receptors
C) Alter gene expression
D) Activate PKA
E) Or iginate from the zo na fa sicu lata

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT an effect of ACTH on adrenocortical cells?

A) AC T H Increases cA M P in the ad re no co rtic al c ells
B) AC T H Increases StA R tha t im po rts ch ole ste ro l into m itoc ho nd ria
C) ACTH Increases the receptor for LDL cholesterol
D) AC T H Increases the en zym es for pre gn en olo ne syn the sis
E) ACTH Increase enzymes for phospholipid breakdown

Question 13

Secretions of the zona fasiculata are controlled mainly by

A) ACTH
B) An gioten sin II
C) Plas m a [K +]
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 14

All of the steroid hormones derive from

A) C ho lic a cid
B) D eo xyc ho lic a cid
C) Lith oc ho lic a cid
D) Cholesterol
E) Cortisol

Question 15

ACTH in corticotrophs is derived from

A) POMC (pro-opiomelanocortin)
B) þ lipo tro pin
C) Melanophore stimulat ing hormone (MSH)
D) þ en do rp hin
E) CRH

Question 16

Glucocorticoids

A) Increase p las m a g luc os e p ar tly by a ctiv atin g live r glyc og en olys is
B) Increase pla sm a glu co se p artly b y inc reas ing liver g luco ne og en esis
C) Increase plasma glucose partly by Increasing intestinal glucose absorption
D) Decreas e p las m a g luc os e p ar tly by a ctiv atin g live r glyc og en es is
E) Decreas e p las m a g luc os e p ar tly by in hib iting liver glu co ne og en es is

Question 17

Anti-inflamm atory actions of glucocorticoids include:

A) Lip olys is
B) G luc on eo ge ne sis
C) Inhibition of N F- u B activation
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 18

Primary hypoadrenalism is called

A) Cushing's syndrome
B) Cushing's disease
C) Grave's disease
D) Cretinism
E) Addison's disease

Question 19

Secretions of the zona glomerulosa are Increased by

A) ACTH
B) An gioten sin II
C) Incre ase d plas m a [K +]
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 20

Glucocorticoids are produced in the

A) Zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland
B) Zona fasiculata of the adrenal gland
C) Zona reticularis of the adrenal gland
D) Zona plicata of the adrenal gland
E) Adrenal medulla

Question 21

The m ain ef fec t of aldo stero ne is to

A) Raise blood pre ssure
B) Increase Na+ rea bs or ptio n in the pro xim al tu bu le
C) Release ADH from the posterior pituitary
D) Increase Na+ reabsorption and K+ sec retio n in the dist al tu bu le
E) Hide among the other hormones with a silly red and white striped hat

Question 22

Aldosterone secretion is stimulated most strongly by

A) Angioten sin II and eleva ted plasm a [K +]
B) AD H an d h ypo vo lem ia
C) Angiotensin II and renal sympathetic nervous stimulation
D) Renin and ADH
E) Re nin an d elev ated plasm a [K +]

Question 23

Ald os ter on e m ain ly

A) Increases the distal tubule permeability to K+
B) Increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ sec retio n b y prin cipa l cells o f the dist al tu bu le
C) Increases K+ reabsorption and Na+ se cr etio n b y prin cip al c ells of t he dis tal tu bu le
D) Increases Na+ and HCO - rea bs or ptio n b y the pro xim al tu bu le
E) Causes vasoconstriction

Question 24

Ac tivation o f the R AA system beg ins w ith

A) Reduction in extrace llular volume
B) Hypertension
C) Plas m a hype ros m olarity
D) Increased liver pro tein syn the sis
E) Incre ase d plas m a [N aC l].

Question 25

The "R AA " syste m refe rs to

A) The renin-angiotensin-ADH system
B) The renal aldosterone action system
C) The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
D) The renal-ADH-activation system
E) The renin-activation-of-angiotensin system