Deck 56: The Stomach

Question 1

Ga stric a cco m m oda tion ref ers to

A) Relaxation of the stomach in response to stretch
B) Ability of the stomach to hold a lot of food
C) Sp re ad of s low wa ve s a lon g th e c irc ula r m us cle
D) Relaxation of the stomach as part of the swallowing program
E) Hotel rooms for famous chefs for the Cooking Channel

Answer 1

A

Question 2

C hym e is

A) The sto m ach con tents
B) The du ode nal co nten ts
C) A finely dispersed suspension of food particles and GI secretions
D) T he m ixtu re of f oo d a nd bile
E) The m ixture of food, bile and pancreatic secretions

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is NO T T RU E of Intinsic factor:

A) It is the only essential secretion of the stomach
B) It aids in the absorption of vitamin B12 (also called cobalamin)
C) It is s ec re ted by th e p ar ieta l ce lls
D) It requires pan creatic co-lipase fo r activity
E) It binds vitamin B12

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Relaxation of the stomach in response to stretch

A) Is mediated by a vago-vagal reflex
B) Is called receptive relaxation
C) Is called gastric accomm odation
D) Is part of the swallowing program
E) A and C are correct

Question 5

The on ly es se ntia l G I se cr etio n is

A) Mucus
B) G as trin
C) Vitamin B12
D) Intrinsic factor
E) Pepsinogen

Question 6

Pa rietal ce lls sec rete

A) Mucus
B) G as trin
C) Vitamin B12
D) Intrinsic factor and HCl
E) Pepsinogen

Question 7

The uppermost part of the stomach is called the

A) Antrum
B) Pylorus
C) Corpus
D) Body
E) Fundus

Question 8

Stomach em ptying

A) O be ys f irs t or de r k ine tics all th e tim e
B) Shows a lag phase until particle size is reduced to 2 mm
C) Is in cr ea se d b y du od en al a cid
D) Is inhibited by Increased duodenal pH
E) Is inh ibite d b y CC K a nd sec retin

Question 9

A gro up of c ells with hig he r int rin sic rhyt hm located along the greater curvature in the body of the stomach in an area that is called the

A) Pyloric sphincter
B) Myenteric plexus
C) Oblique muscle layer
D) Pacemaker zone
E) Submucosal plexus

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT true of the stomach?

A) The basic electrical rhythm of the stomach is the frequency of gastric slow waves
B) The basic electrical rhythm of the stomach is set by interstitial cells of Cajal in the pacemaker zone
C) The basic electrical rhythm sets the frequency of contractions of the stomach
D) Slow waves consist of a rapid depolarization followed by a plateau phase
E) Slow waves do not cause contraction unless sympathetic stimulation augments the plateau phase

Question 11

All of the following signals inhibit gastric emptying EXCEPT

A) Irritation of the duodenum
B) Fat digestion products in the duodenum
C) Am ino acids in the duodenum
D) Incre ase d du ode nal os m olarity
E) Increased duodenal pH

Question 12

Receptive relaxation refers to

A) Relaxation of the orad parts of the stomach as part of the swallowing program
B) Relaxation of the orad parts of the stomach in response to stretch of the stomach
C) Relaxation of the LES as part of the swallowing program
D) Relaxation of the LES in response to stretch of the stomach
E) Relaxation of the stomach antrum in response to orad stomach contraction

Question 13

After eating only a milkshake and adding gastric secretions, the stomach contains 1.0 L of m ate ria l. After 20 minutes only 0.5 L remains. 40 minutes after eating you would expect the s tom ach to contain about

A) N oth ing . It w ou ld b e e m pty.
B) 0.125 L
C) 0.25 L
D) 0.375 L
E) 0.5 L

Question 14

All of the following GI hormones inhibit gastric emptying EXCEPT

A) CCK
B) Se cr etin
C) G as trin
D) Histamine
E) SST

Question 15

The pattern of gut motility during the interdigestive period is called

A) Segmentation
B) Pe ris tals is
C) Quiescence
D) Migrating myoelectric complex
E) M otilin

Question 16

The m igrating m otility com plex (m igrating m yoelec tric co m plex , MM C) re fers to

A) The pattern of gut motility imm ediately after eating a meal
B) The pattern of gut motility when anticipating a meal
C) The pattern of gut motility imm ediately prior to defecation
D) The "housekeeping" function of the gut during the interdigestive period
E) The m ovement of chyme out of the stomach

Question 17

The pacem aker zone of the stomach

A) Is locate d alo ng the g reater c urv ature
B) Is in the fundus adjacent to the LES C Is located along the lesser curvature
D) Controls mainly the oblique muscle layer
E) Se ts th e b as ic e lec tric al rh ythm at a bo ut 1 0 m in-1

Question 18

Gastric signals that inhibit stomach em ptying include

A) Partic le size greater than 0.5 mm
B) Acid pH in the stomach
C) Distension of the stomach
D) Intrinsic factor
E) Ex ce ss m uc in

Question 19

Ch ief ce lls cells s ecr ete

A) Mucus
B) G as trin
C) Vitamin B12
D) Intrinsic factor and HCl
E) Pepsinogen

Question 20

Grinding of food and retropulsion are possible because

A) The stomach m uscles Increase in thickness orad to caudad
B) A minor wave of contraction first contracts the pyloric sphincter
C) The enterogastric inhibitor reflex slows gastric emptying
D) The vagus nerves stimulate contraction of the pyloric sphincter
E) Acid in the stomach prom otes contraction

Question 21

In the ga str ic p ha se of a cid se cr etio n, a cid se cr etio n is stimulated by each of the following EXCEPT

A) Am ino acids
B) Stretch
C) G R P, t hr ou gh Increased ga str in
D) Histamine, through a vagovagal reflex
E) Incr eas ed SS T m ed iated by g astr in

Question 22

The m ain inh ibito r of ac id s ec re tion is

A) Am ino acids
B) SST
C) Histamine
D) GRP
E) Se cr etin

Question 23

Each of the following is required for acid secretion EXCEPT

A) The apical H-K-ATPase
B) T he ap ica l K+ channel
C) The apical Cl- channel
D) Carbonic anhydrase
E) The apical Na-HCO - exchanger

Question 24

Hypersecretion of acid could be caused by

A) Tu m ors tha t sec rete gas trin
B) Defec tive histam ine receptors
C) Hypersecretion of SST
D) Atropine
E) Hypersecret ion of CCK

Question 25

GRP

A) Is a n eu rotra ns m itter o f va ga l affer en ts th at in crea ses gas trin s ecre tion by G cells
B) Is r ele as ed by va ga l aff er en ts to dire ctly s tim ula te p ar ieta l ce lls
C) Stim ulates gas tric m otility
D) Increases SS T rele as e b y D c ells tha t sh uts do wn ac id s ec re tion by p ar ieta l ce lls
E) Increases histamine release by ECL cells that stimulates parietal cell secretion

Question 26

In the cephalic phase, secretion of acid by parietal cells is stimulated by

A) Vagal afferents directly stimulating parietal cells with acetylcholine
B) Va ga l aff er en ts s tim ula ting pa rie tal c ells by re lea sin g G R P o nto G ce lls
C) Va ga l aff er en ts s tim ula ting EC L c ells to r ele as e h ista m ine on to p ar ieta l ce lls
D) All of the above
E) Only A and B

Question 27

The fun ction o f gas tric ac id is to

A) Dissolve ingested bone particles
B) Denature dietary protein and activate pepsinogen
C) Help intrinsic factor bind vitamin B12
D) Kill bacteria in food
E) Activate pancreatic enzymes

Question 28

Parietal cells do not have receptors for

A) Acetylcholine
B) SST
C) CCK
D) G as trin
E) Histamine