Deck 10: Motivating Safety Behaviour at Work

Question 1

According to the reinforcement theory of safety, what do organizations need to do to improve poor safety behaviour?

A) tailor rewards to workers' preferences
B) set specific and difficult goals
C) link behaviour to consequences
D) provide lots of feedback to workers

Answer 1

link behaviour to consequences

Question 2

Proper hand washing is an example of what category of safety behaviour?

A) proper use of hazard control systems
B) development of safe work habits
C) maintenance of housekeeping standards
D) maintenance of accepted hygiene practices

Answer 2

maintenance of accepted hygiene practices

Question 3

Which of the following is a dimension for characterizing behavioural consequences?

A) immediate or delayed
B) short-term or long-term
C) limited or extensive
D) compliance or performance

Answer 3

immediate or delayed

Question 4

Setting and communicating high expectations for safe performance of work tasks is associated with what dimension of transformational leadership?

A) idealized influence
B) inspirational motivation
C) intellectual stimulation
D) individualized consideration

Question 5

Which of the following categories uses techniques such as job rotation and the scheduling of work breaks?

A) safety behaviour
B) administrative controls
C) engineering controls
D) behavioural interventions

Question 6

What theory explains how we can motivate safe behaviour by recognizing that people are motivated by different things?

A) reinforcement theory
B) goal-setting theory
C) self-determination theory
D) transformational leadership theory

Question 7

According to self-determination theory, what forms of extrinsic motivation result in more of a self- directed effort to work in safer ways?

A) external and introjected
B) introjected and identified
C) identified and integrated
D) integrated and external

Question 8

Elinor has the chance to earn a gift certificate for any Swiss Chalet restaurant if her department has over 90% use of safety glasses in the last six months. According to motivational theory what type of reward is this?

A) compliance
B) contingent
C) complementary
D) cooperation

Question 9

In the multi-tasking world that we live in today, why is goal setting even more important than ever?

A) It makes us persist with a task.
B) It directs our attention to a specific task.
C) It helps us mobilize our efforts to achieve a task.
D) It helps to find new strategies to overcome obstacles.

Question 10

What basic model underlies most applications of behavioural programming in the workplace?

A) Trigger → Behaviour → Reward
B) Trigger → Consequence→ Behaviour
C) Antecedent → Behaviour → Consequence
D) Antecedent → Behaviour → Reward

Question 11

According to the textbook which employees should be eligible for safety incentives?

A) employees who have a perfect safety record
B) employees who have none or just a few minor safety issues
C) just employees working in production/operations jobs
D) all employees; production workers and office workers

Question 12

Which of the following represents a behavioural intervention for improving occupational health and safety?

A) job rotation
B) skills training
C) workstation redesign
D) forming a safety committee

Question 13

What are the three types of health and safety program interventions?

A) engineering, psychological, and cultural
B) behavioural, cultural, and physical
C) engineering, administrative, and behavioural
D) psychological, behavioural, and physical

Question 14

What goal-setting technique explained why a larger proportion of one group of university staff members attended a health and safety training session, compared to the lower attendance seen in a second group of staff members?

A) They were given a more difficult goal.
B) They were given a more specific goal.
C) They were more committed to the goal.
D) They received more feedback about their progress.

Question 15

When planning behaviour-based safety programs that include incentives, what do planners need to ensure?

A) that feedback is not used as an incentive
B) that incentives are used in place of employee training
C) that incentive programs manipulate employees' behaviour
D) that incentives are tied to behaviours under individual control

Question 16

How can HRMs ensure that employees utilize the knowledge and skills gained during training and consistently perform their work duties in a safe manner?

A) by installing surveillance cameras
B) by providing rewards for reporting unsafe behaviour
C) by building a safety culture and safety leadership
D) by rewarding reductions in incidents and injuries

Question 17

What equation defines safety performance?

A) Safety performance = Ability × Motivation × Opportunity
B) Safety performance = Ability + Motivation + Opportunity
C) Safety performance = Skill + Knowledge + Ability
D) Safety performance = Skill × Knowledge × Ability

Question 18

What is a contribution that senior management can make to ensure that their organization will have a strong safety climate?

A) monitoring use of personal protective equipment
B) developing explicit and enacted policies on safety
C) praising new hires for transfer of training
D) reporting employees for unsafe behaviour

Question 19

What two facets of the Canadian Standards Association model for Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems are reflected in Ontario Power Generation's safety slogan?

A) Plan, Do
B) Check, Act
C) Plan, Act
D) Check, Do

Question 20

According to research, what is the means through which an organization's safety promotion activities produce safer work behaviour?

A) safety compliance
B) safety participation
C) actual safety climate
D) perceived safety climate

Question 21

A difficult safety goal can undermine the safety program by causing employees to under-report incidents.

Question 22

Read the following scenario and answer questions.
Working for an oil drilling company in the oil sands region of northern Alberta can be very lucrative, even for workers in entry level jobs. Workers have moved to Fort McMurray and other northern Alberta towns in the thousands, from all over Canada and even from overseas. However, the work is demanding and the climate ranges from very hot to extremely cold. Oil drilling crews need to work as quickly and as efficiently as possible as every hour of operation represents a sizeable investment in machinery, labour, and land lease costs. Crews have to move regularly from one site to another site because either the well goes into production or the well comes up dry. Oil drilling companies tend to be very safety conscious because of the hazardous nature of the work; it is not uncommon for workers to experience injuries to extremities (arms, legs, hands, and feet) as well as blows to the head. Fatalities are less common but not unknown.
Dave tries to follow the safety protocols on the rig as much as possible because he knows he would feel terrible if a coworker was injured due to something stupid that Dave did or forgot to do. What type of extrinsic motivation is represented in this example?

A) external regulation
B) introjected regulation
C) identified regulation
D) integrated regulation

Question 23

Considerable research suggests that noticing and praising safe work behaviour may be sufficient to sustain that behaviour without the need for tangible incentives.

Question 24

Compliance with CSA Standard Z1000-06 is voluntary in Canada.

Question 25

Read the following scenario and answer questions.
Working for an oil drilling company in the oil sands region of northern Alberta can be very lucrative, even for workers in entry level jobs. Workers have moved to Fort McMurray and other northern Alberta towns in the thousands, from all over Canada and even from overseas. However, the work is demanding and the climate ranges from very hot to extremely cold. Oil drilling crews need to work as quickly and as efficiently as possible as every hour of operation represents a sizeable investment in machinery, labour, and land lease costs. Crews have to move regularly from one site to another site because either the well goes into production or the well comes up dry. Oil drilling companies tend to be very safety conscious because of the hazardous nature of the work; it is not uncommon for workers to experience injuries to extremities (arms, legs, hands, and feet) as well as blows to the head. Fatalities are less common but not unknown.
What action can management take in the planning stage of their OHSMS to prepare for the worker training that they will deliver in the subsequent stage?

A) set safety objectives and targets
B) identify the hazards and risks in each oil rig job
C) clarify the legal requirements for safety on oil rigs
D) develop a termination policy for unsafe acts

Question 26

Safety goals should be set by management based on past records of incidents and injuries.

Question 27

Read the following scenario and answer questions.
Working for an oil drilling company in the oil sands region of northern Alberta can be very lucrative, even for workers in entry level jobs. Workers have moved to Fort McMurray and other northern Alberta towns in the thousands, from all over Canada and even from overseas. However, the work is demanding and the climate ranges from very hot to extremely cold. Oil drilling crews need to work as quickly and as efficiently as possible as every hour of operation represents a sizeable investment in machinery, labour, and land lease costs. Crews have to move regularly from one site to another site because either the well goes into production or the well comes up dry. Oil drilling companies tend to be very safety conscious because of the hazardous nature of the work; it is not uncommon for workers to experience injuries to extremities (arms, legs, hands, and feet) as well as blows to the head. Fatalities are less common but not unknown.
Given that engineering interventions are not always possible in this type of work, what would be the next best way of protecting oil rig workers?

A) keeping the drilling rig as clean as possible to avoid trips and falls
B) responding effectively to emergency situations to get medical aid
C) mandatory use of hard hats and safety goggles to avoid contact injuries
D) developing, teaching, and reinforcing safe work habits for every task

Question 28

Behaviour-based safety programs aim to make the consequences of safe behaviour positive, immediate, and contingent.

Question 29

Having a documented Occupational Health and Safety Management System will not reduce civil or criminal penalties if the company is taken to court on a criminal charge under Bill C-45.

Question 30

Senior managers should participate in occupational health and safety training programs as part of an Occupational Health and Safety Management System.

Question 31

Read the following scenario and answer questions.
Working for an oil drilling company in the oil sands region of northern Alberta can be very lucrative, even for workers in entry level jobs. Workers have moved to Fort McMurray and other northern Alberta towns in the thousands, from all over Canada and even from overseas. However, the work is demanding and the climate ranges from very hot to extremely cold. Oil drilling crews need to work as quickly and as efficiently as possible as every hour of operation represents a sizeable investment in machinery, labour, and land lease costs. Crews have to move regularly from one site to another site because either the well goes into production or the well comes up dry. Oil drilling companies tend to be very safety conscious because of the hazardous nature of the work; it is not uncommon for workers to experience injuries to extremities (arms, legs, hands, and feet) as well as blows to the head. Fatalities are less common but not unknown.
As the drilling supervisor, Travis is responsible for getting the rig dismantled, moved, and set up on a new site as quickly as possible. What dimension of transformational leadership is he demonstrating when he asks the workers to try to identify safer ways of carrying out the move?

A) idealized influence
B) inspirational motivation
C) intellectual stimulation
D) individualized consideration

Question 32

Safety climate perceptions are only effective in predicting current behaviour.

Question 33

Read the following scenario and answer questions.
Working for an oil drilling company in the oil sands region of northern Alberta can be very lucrative, even for workers in entry level jobs. Workers have moved to Fort McMurray and other northern Alberta towns in the thousands, from all over Canada and even from overseas. However, the work is demanding and the climate ranges from very hot to extremely cold. Oil drilling crews need to work as quickly and as efficiently as possible as every hour of operation represents a sizeable investment in machinery, labour, and land lease costs. Crews have to move regularly from one site to another site because either the well goes into production or the well comes up dry. Oil drilling companies tend to be very safety conscious because of the hazardous nature of the work; it is not uncommon for workers to experience injuries to extremities (arms, legs, hands, and feet) as well as blows to the head. Fatalities are less common but not unknown.
According to research, who will have the most influence on new oil workers' attitudes about the safety climate on the rig?

A) senior management
B) their coworkers
C) their immediate supervisor
D) the Alberta Workers' Compensation Board

Question 34

Reinforcement theory focuses on the power of internal rewards and punishment in the motivation of behaviour.

Question 35

Transactional leadership can be effective in producing safety performance.