Deck 1: The Sociological Perspective

Question 1

It is evident, from the labels on our clothes to the components in our cars and instantaneous communications, that our world is becoming a village.

A) national
B) micro
C) global
D) regional
E) state

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Karl Marx referred to the controlling class of capitalists who own the means to produce wealth, capital, land, factories, and machines as the:

A) proletariats.
B) bourgeoisie.
C) patricians.
D) republicans.
E) aristocrats.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which element did Enlightenment thinkers believe would play a crucial role in developing modern society?

A) A return to religious values
B) Ideas of reason and rationality
C) Halting of factory production
D) The end of colonialism
E) The challenge to science as the only source of legitimate knowledge about the world

Answer 3

B

Question 4

How do the social sciences differ significantly from the natural sciences?

A) The social sciences are less specialized.
B) The social sciences are more established disciplines.
C) The natural sciences use the scientific method to understand society and human behaviour.
D) The social sciences study how the human world, unlike nature, is created and recreated by humans.
E) The social sciences base their theories on common sense.

Question 5

What did C. Wright Mills believe was an important goal for American sociology?

A) Establishing academic respect for sociology
B) Serving the interests of American society in terms of global capitalism
C) Developing abstract models of society
D) Developing middle-range theories
E) Using sociology to promote social reform

Question 6

theory argues that women's place in the capitalist economy allows men to objectify and exploit them. The solution to women's exploitation lies in the elimination of false consciousness and revolutionary change in the world economy.

A) Radical feminist
B) Conflict
C) Liberal feminist
D) Marxist feminist
E) Queer

Question 7

predicted that there would be a classless society once the working class united and began a revolution.

A) C. Wright Mills
B) Harriet Martineau
C) Emile Durkheim
D) Karl Marx
E) Marshall McLuhan

Question 8

Sociologists look for patterns, recurring characteristics or events, in their data to achieve the goal of:

A) identification.
B) diagnosis.
C) generalization.
D) extrapolation.
E) exploration.

Question 9

was a leading Canadian sociologist at the University of Toronto. He is best known for his theory of staples trade and how it created the conditions for a particular form of Canadian economic development.

A) Wallace Clement
B) Harold Innis
C) John Porter
D) Hubert Guindon
E) Samuel Clark

Question 10

According to Durkheim, a low level of is a key factor in suicide.

A) social class
B) social integration
C) social apathy
D) social anomie
E) social anxiety

Question 11

Gerald is the personal director for a large corporation. He has decided to give prospective employees a test that will measure each person's emotional skills. To acquire this test, Gerald is likely to call a[n]:

A) psychologist.
B) sociologist.
C) anthropologist.
D) political scientist.
E) statistician.

Question 12

Mary is employed by a Member of Parliament whom has asked Mary to determine the age groups in her riding that are most likely to vote in the upcoming election. Mary is most likely to contact a[n] to acquire this information.

A) economist
B) psychologist
C) anthropologist
D) political scientist
E) phrenologist

Question 13

was the first person to propose that positivism be applied to the study of social life.

A) Max Weber
B) Auguste Comte
C) Emile Durkheim
D) Jean Jacques Rousseau
E) Karl Marx

Question 14

The was one of the three factors that contributed to the emergence of sociology as a discipline.

A) birth of Christ
B) Industrial Revolution
C) invention of the printing press
D) Renaissance
E) end of colonialism

Question 15

Tom works on the assembly line at the local automobile factory. Karl Marx would consider Tom to be a because he does not own the factory.

A) proletariat
B) plebian
C) bourgeoisie
D) zeitgeist
E) capitalist

Question 16

Which of the following social sciences is concerned with the history of human society, with a focus on migration, the development of tools, kinship and value systems, and social relationships?

A) Psychology
B) Political science
C) Anthropology
D) Sociology
E) Economics

Question 17

The sociological perspective stresses:

A) psychological constructs.
B) intrapsychic processes.
C) harmony among groups.
D) the history and development of mankind.
E) social contexts of action.

Question 18

Sociology emerged around the century when European social observers began to use scientific methods to test their ideas.

A) middle of the eighteenth
B) middle of the nineteenth
C) middle of the seventeenth
D) middle of the sixteenth
E) beginning of the twentieth

Question 19

The perspective emphasizes the influence of the social context on people's behaviour.

A) psychological
B) sociological
C) scientific
D) essentialist
E) common sense

Question 20

When sociologists group people into categories based on their age, gender, educational level, job, and income, they are trying to determine their:

A) social personality.
B) social skills.
C) social lives.
D) social location.
E) social network.

Question 21

According to Durkheim, are patterns of behaviour that characterize a social group, community or nation.

A) social facts
B) social connections
C) social order
D) social bonds
E) social networks

Question 22

Victor commits suicide shortly after the death of Rose, his wife of 35 years. According to Durkheim, Victor committed suicide.

A) mimetic
B) identification
C) altruistic
D) integrative
E) egocentric

Question 23

Emile Durkheim defined as the degree to which people feel a part of social groups.

A) social connectivity
B) social integration
C) social apathy
D) social class
E) social conflict

Question 24

Weber wanted to be the hallmark of sociological research.

A) duplicity
B) reflectivity
C) objectivity
D) subjectivity
E) relativity

Question 25

A[n] is an explanation of how two or more facts are related to one another.

A) definition
B) proposition
C) interaction
D) prediction
E) theory

Question 26

compared Roman Catholic and Protestant countries to determine how the relationship between capitalism and religion affected people's orientations to life.

A) Max Weber
B) Wallace Clement
C) Karl Marx
D) Harriet Martineau
E) Auguste Comte

Question 27

Sociologists stress that studies should be to avoid distortions caused by a researcher's values.

A) reasonable
B) authoritative
C) reflective
D) replicable
E) subjective

Question 28

The early women sociologists in North America often turned to social activism because they were:

A) often denied the opportunity to become university professors.
B) more interested in solving social problems.
C) wealthy enough to have servants at home.
D) not as interested in research as male sociologists.
E) not interested in applied sociology.

Question 29

According to Max Weber, means to have insight into someone's situation.

A) Gemeinshaft
B) Zeitgeist
C) Dasein
D) Verstehen
E) Kirche

Question 30

are consequences that hurt or weaken a social system.

A) Semiotics
B) Latent functions
C) Dysfunctions
D) Symbolisms
E) Manifest functions

Question 31

is one of the founders of symbolic interactionism, a major theoretical perspective in sociology.

A) George Herbert Mead
B) Wilhelm Wundt
C) Auguste Comte
D) Emile Durkheim
E) Karl Marx

Question 32

Symbolic interactionists point out that symbols make social life possible and without them:

A) we could not coordinate our actions with others.
B) our social relations would be limited to the animal level.
C) there would be no books.
D) all of the above.
E) none of the above.

Question 33

spent his lifetime studying relations between African-Americans and whites in an effort to eliminate social injustice.

A) Talcott Parsons
B) Wallace Clement
C) George Herbert Mead
D) W.E.B. Du Bois
E) W.I. Thomas

Question 34

According to Weber, the use of Verstehen encourages sociologists to pay attention to in order to gain insight into why people do the things that they do.

A) prejudices
B) social facts
C) objective standards
D) subjective meanings
E) concrete actions

Question 35

According to , symbols are the basis of social life.

A) functionalists
B) sociobiologists
C) symbolic interactionists
D) conflict theorists
E) ethnomethodologists

Question 36

According to Max Weber, was the central factor in the rise of capitalism.

A) Protestantism
B) social integration
C) democracy
D) aristocracy
E) Catholicism

Question 37

Stuart is examining the attendance rates of the three churches in his community. According to Durkheim, the attendance rates of the church members at the three churches would be considered:

A) social facts.
B) social bonding.
C) social gatherings.
D) social networks.
E) social interest.

Question 38

Max Weber concluded that societies that were predominantly were more likely to adopt capitalism as a new economic system.

A) Protestant
B) Atheist
C) Agnostic
D) Jewish
E) Catholic

Question 39

Durkheim concluded that if went too far in a society, the result could be a state of anomie.

A) individualism
B) accommodationism
C) assimilation
D) communalism
E) idealism

Question 40

According to Robert Merton, are the intended beneficial consequences of people's actions.

A) manifest dysfunctions
B) manifest functions
C) latent dysfunctions
D) latent functions
E) positive side effects

Question 41

Lazarsfeld and Reitz divide the development of sociology into three phases. During the second phase, was the focus of sociologists.

A) merging sociological knowledge with practical work
B) investigating interpretative frameworks
C) establishing sociology as a respected discipline
D) developing the scientific method
E) social activism to reform society

Question 42

Sergio is interested in how changes in Canadian society are related to homelessness. He is examining how economic conditions have contributed to the increase in the number of homeless. Sergio is conducting a(n) analysis.

A) meso-level
B) transactional
C) intermediate
D) macro-level
E) micro-level

Question 43

The French theorist argued that in industrialist capitalist societies, signs and symbols and the real world are the same.

A) Jean Baudrillard
B) Auguste Comte
C) Frédéric LePlay
D) Emile Durkheim
E) W.E.B. Du Bois

Question 44

Critical race theory examines both the social construction of race and race identity and the reality of discrimination utilizing the discipline of .

A) philosophy
B) anthropology
C) sociology
D) history
E) all of the above

Question 45

Sociologist Ralf Dahrendorf contends that conflict is found in all relationships.

A) authority
B) interpersonal
C) friendship
D) economic
E) family

Question 46

Michael views society as a system of interrelated parts, while John views society as composed of groups competing for scarce resources. Michael would be considered a theorist, and John would be seen as a _ theorist.

A) functionalist; symbolic interactionist
B) functionalist; conflict
C) symbolic interactionist; conflict
D) conflict; functionalist
E) symbolic interactionist; functionalist

Question 47

If an individual focuses on , he or she is conducting a micro-level analysis.

A) social interaction among the homeless
B) intrapsychic processes
C) the local community schools
D) the large-scale pattern of society
E) unemployment rates in Chicago

Question 48

Sara is focusing on communication patterns among the homeless people in her study. Her analysis is being conducted at the level of analysis.

A) meso
B) micro
C) manifest
D) macro
E) middle-range

Question 49

Hans has been hired by his local law enforcement agency to investigate the causes of violence and to make recommendations for reducing violence in the community. Hans would be considered a[n] sociologist.

A) applied
B) theoretical
C) basic or pure
D) consulting
E) clinical

Question 50

was developed by Karl Marx to explain human history.

A) Ethnomethodology
B) Structural ideology
C) Functional analysis
D) Conflict theory
E) Symbolic interactionism

Question 51

Inequality, power, conflict, competition, and class exploitation are key concepts of:

A) feminists.
B) structuralists
C) functionalists.
D) symbolic interactionists.
E) conflict theorists.

Question 52

Judith Butler and Gayle Rubin are best known as theorists.

A) radical feminist
B) Marxist feminist
C) queer
D) liberal feminist
E) prestructuralist

Question 53

The horrors of war and global conflict combined with the failure of science and reason in enhancing personal freedom led C. Wright Mills to suggest that we are living in a(n) period.

A) anti-Enlightenment
B) modern
C) anarchistic
D) barbaric
E) postmodern

Question 54

Helga is a family counsellor and would be considered a[n] sociologist because she uses her sociological knowledge to change the basic relationships in a family.

A) basic or pure
B) clinical
C) applied
D) consulting
E) theoretical

Question 55

When we try to understand human behaviour by placing it within its broader social context, we are using the sociological perspective.

Question 56

Which of the following is a feminist theory?

A) Liberal feminist
B) Non-Marxist radical
C) Marxist
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 57

In studying problems of the homeless, would focus on the face-to-face interactions among the homeless.

A) symbolic interactionists
B) functionalists
C) structuralists
D) semioticians
E) conflict theorists

Question 58

When a sociologist examines the relationships between men and women in terms of basic inequalities, he or she would be taking a perspective.

A) functionalist
B) hermeneutic
C) feminist
D) dysfunctionalist
E) symbolic interactionist

Question 59

is the blending of sociological knowledge with practical results.

A) Theoretical sociology
B) Pure sociology
C) Medical sociology
D) Applied sociology
E) Basic sociology

Question 60

Merton used the term to describe the unintended positive consequences of people's actions that often help a system to adapt.

A) latent dysfunctions
B) manifest functions
C) manifest dysfunctions
D) positive side effects
E) latent functions

Question 61

Sociology emerged during medieval times.

Question 62

Weber emphasized that sociologists should be subjective when conducting research.

Question 63

Explanation, generalization, and prediction are the goals of all the sciences.

Question 64

All scientific endeavours require that theories must be able to be proved or disproved by systematic research.

Question 65

As a result of new global interconnections and communication systems, we are now living in a global economy.

Question 66

Marx developed the political system called communism.

Question 67

Its focus on political economy, feminism, and postmodernism has led to Canadian sociology being perceived as more activist-based than American sociology.

Question 68

In examining the factors that influence human behaviour, psychologists focus on processes that occur within the individual, while sociologists stress factors external to the individual.

Question 69

Contemporary Quebec sociology is primarily focused on the issue of French language rights and the Quebec sovereignty issue.

Question 70

An important goal of Durkheim's was to have sociology recognized as a separate academic discipline.

Question 71

The natural sciences are designed to predict the behaviour of humans in their natural environment.

Question 72

Usually, sociologists stress the importance of instinct in determining an individual's choices.

Question 73

Merton stressed the need for sociologists to develop middle-range theories because grand theories could not be tested.

Question 74

Durkheim used the term Verstehen to describe a condition in which people become detached from society and have little moral guidance.

Question 75

Harriet Martinueau is primarily known for translating Comte's ideas into English.

Question 76

Auguste Comte believed that society could be studied by sociologists using the same methods employed by other scientists.

Question 77

Karl Marx believed that the roots of human misery lay in the exploitation of the proletariat by the capitalist class in control of the means of production.

Question 78

Because social factors have been found to influence whether individuals commit suicide, the suicide rates remain fairly constant year after year.

Question 79

The proletariat owns the means to produce wealth.

Question 80

According to Durkheim, the lack of social integration is a key factor in suicide.