Deck 17: Population, Urbanization, and the Environment

Question 1

From the debate about projected population trends in the future between the New Malthusians and the Anti-Malthusians, we can conclude that:

A) the Anti-Malthusians are correct in their prediction.
B) only the future will prove the accuracy of either projection.
C) the New Malthusians are correct in their prediction.
D) we should rely on previous trends to foresee the future trends.
E) neither the New Malthusians, nor the Anti-Malthusians are correct.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which is the idea that population grows geometrically while the food supply only increases arithmetically?

A) The Weber hypothesis
B) The Durkheim hypothesis
C) The Marxian thesis
D) The Malthus theorem
E) The demography thesis

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What happens during stage three of the demographic transition?

A) Births exceed deaths
B) Deaths exceed births
C) Births and deaths are balanced
D) Births far outnumber deaths
E) Deaths far outnumber births

Answer 3

C

Question 4

According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, why do women in poor nations bear a large number of children?

A) Men control reproductive choices.
B) They cannot afford to spend money on birth control.
C) They are not educated about how to use birth control.
D) Children are considered economic assets.
E) Large families are rewarded socially and economically.

Question 5

Harold is a demographer in Canada. If he has recently reported that for every 1000 people in the population, there are 15 babies born, which statistic is Harold reporting?

A) The fertility rate
B) The crude birth rate
C) The dependency ratio
D) The child ratio
E) The maternity ratio

Question 6

Theo and Carmella live in a least industrialized country and are expecting their fifteenth child. They are very happy about this new addition coming. According to feminist theorists, why is Carmella so happy about this addition to their large family?

A) She has been denied access to birth control methods.
B) She has internalized values that support male dominance.
C) She likes children and feels "the more the merrier."
D) She believes a large family is functional for the society.
E) She believes that God intended her to have that many children.

Question 7

According to most feminists, how should population control be achieved?

A) Through forced sterilization of women in industrializing and least industrialized nations
B) Through alternative reproductive technologies
C) Through a public awareness campaign
D) Through economic opportunities, education, and rights for women
E) Through legally limiting the number of children each woman can have

Question 8

A pattern of growth in which numbers double during approximately equal intervals, resulting in an acceleration of growth during the final stages, is referred to as the .

A) implosion growth curve
B) multiple demographic equation
C) exponential growth curve
D) demographic transition
E) demographic equation

Question 9

Africa has 22 percent of the earth's land surface and 10.5 percent of the world's population. Why does Africa still have famines?

A) Because of outmoded farming techniques and political instability
B) Because there are too many children and not enough adults to help farm the land
C) Because there are not enough people farming the land
D) Because of totalitarian governments and too many people
E) Because there are too many people living on the land

Question 10

According to food production figures, why does starvation occur?

A) Because there has been a decrease in the amount of food produced per person
B) Because the earth produces too little food
C) Because natural disasters have seriously harmed the existing food supply
D) Because there is an imbalance between supply and demand
E) Because non-industrialized countries have poor soil and cannot grow enough food for their increasing population

Question 11

Janice has been asked to figure out the growth rate for last year for Canada. To accomplish this, Janice will use the basic demographic equation. What is this simple equation?

A) Births - deaths + net migration
B) Births + deaths + net migration
C) Births + deaths + growth rate
D) Births - deaths - net migration
E) Growth rate - births + deaths

Question 12

Some Anti-Malthusians predict that as countries industrialize, a stage will be added to the demographic transition. What will happen to the population during this fourth stage?

A) It will increase dramatically.
B) It will shrink.
C) It will stabilize.
D) It will grow slowly.
E) It will fluctuate.

Question 13

The migration rate is the difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants per 1000 population.

A) net
B) crude
C) gross
D) sum
E) total

Question 14

The New Malthusians point out that between 8000 B.C. and A.D. 1750, the world added an average of only 67 000 people a year, but today that many people are being added every six to seven hours. This is an illustration of the .

A) multiple demographic equation
B) demographic equation
C) exponential growth curve
D) demographic transition
E) implosion growth curve

Question 15

Demographers use which term to refer to the number of children that an average woman bears?

A) Fertility rate
B) Fecundity
C) Crude birth rate
D) Child ratio
E) Maternity ratio

Question 16

To determine a country's growth rate, a demographer would use which rates?

A) Fertility and mortality
B) Population and immigration
C) Mortality and immigration
D) Immigration and fertility
E) Fertility, mortality, and migration

Question 17

What is the study of the size, composition, growth, and distribution of human populations?

A) Populace theory
B) Demography
C) Demographic equation
D) Epidemiology
E) Demographic transition

Question 18

What is the key to supporting population growth in Canada?

A) Immigration
B) Demographic transition
C) Economic growth
D) Political stability
E) Reproductive technologies

Question 19

Renee lives in a country that has high birth rates and low death rates. Her country would be in the stage of the demographic transition.

A) second
B) fourth
C) first
D) fifth
E) third

Question 20

A number of demographers disagree with the new Malthusians' picture of the future. The Anti-Malthusians contend that to understand human reproduction, we need to look at the history of Europe's _ to give us a more accurate picture of the future.

A) demographic equation
B) multiple demographic equation
C) demographic transition
D) implosion growth curve
E) exponential growth curve

Question 21

Jim and Milly are one of 10 couples who have decided to buy and restore an older house in a deteriorated urban neighbourhood. Jim and Milly are part of a movement referred to as _.

A) city upgrading
B) megalopolis
C) urban networking
D) urban renovation
E) gentrification

Question 22

What did sociologist Herbert Gans call those alienated city dwellers who are outcasts of industrialized society?

A) The ethnic villagers
B) The trapped
C) The cosmopolitans
D) Outsiders
E) The singles

Question 23

What has helped the process of suburbanization?

A) Industrialization
B) Transportation
C) Urbanization
D) Deindustrialization
E) Globalization

Question 24

What is the primary reason for the creation of cities?

A) The invention of writing
B) Water and the discovery of hydro electricity
C) The development of more efficient agriculture
D) The Industrial Revolution
E) The invention of the wheel

Question 25

Which model views the city as a series of somewhat circular zones occurring outward from its centre?

A) Sector
B) Urban village
C) Multiple-nuclei
D) Inner city
E) Concentric zone

Question 26

What is one critique of the models of urban growth?

A) They do not account for urban planning.
B) They only apply to medieval cities.
C) They only apply to cities in the least industrialized nations.
D) They are only based on the city of Chicago.
E) They neglect the impact of immigration.

Question 27

Joe lives in a central city that is surrounded by smaller cities and suburbs. The city Joe lives in is referred to as a[n] .

A) suburb
B) town
C) megalopolis
D) urban village
E) metropolis

Question 28

David is a musician and has moved to the city because of its conveniences and cultural events. According to Gans' categories of urban dwellers, David would be referred to as a[n]:

A) single.
B) cosmopolitan.
C) ethnic villager.
D) yuppie.
E) deprived urbanite.

Question 29

refers to the process by which an increasing proportion of a population lives in cities.

A) Metropolization
B) Gentrification
C) Suburbanization
D) Urbanization
E) Consumerism

Question 30

According to sociologist Herbert Gans, people experience the city differently. He believed that some people find a sense of community in the city because they .

A) live near others like them
B) live in the city by choice
C) like the anonymity of not belonging to a group
D) have no other choice and make the best of a bad situation
E) live in the more affluent areas of the city

Question 31

Industries locate where land is cheaper, which is not where the wealthy live. Nor will the rich allow factories to spew pollution near their homes-a phenomenon often referred to as .

A) NINA
B) NFOUL
C) NIMBY
D) NADIN
E) NORM

Question 32

In the city, people often personalize their shopping by going to the same stores to purchase their goods. According to sociologists Stone and Gans, why do people do this?

A) To get deals from their neighbours
B) To keep up with the fast pace of the city
C) To create a sense of intimacy for themselves
D) To save money on transportation
E) Because of the fear of crime

Question 33

What is happening in the least industrialized nations?

A) Industrialization is preceding urbanization.
B) Urbanization is preceding industrialization.
C) Rural immigration is accompanying industrialization.
D) Urbanization is creating industrialization.
E) Rural immigration is replacing urbanization.

Question 34

Generally, around the globe there are 105 boys born for every 100 girls. However, recently in some countries, this ratio has been altered with a much larger proportion of boys being born. What is the primary reason for this shift to a higher proportion of male births?

A) The use of sex determination techniques
B) The practice of female infanticide
C) An increase in prenatal care for mothers
D) Genetic sex-related differences among racial/ethnic groups
E) A change in women's diets

Question 35

The analogy of "the closing of the atmospheric window through which our planet breathes" is more commonly called .

A) the greenhouse effect
B) ozone depletion
C) global warming
D) the prism effect
E) acid rain

Question 36

Which term is used to describe an overlapping area consisting of at least two metropolises and their many suburbs?

A) Village
B) Megalopolis
C) Super-suburb
D) Commune
E) Macrocity

Question 37

A clustering of malls and restaurants in one area of a city and automobile dealerships in another area illustrates which model?

A) Multiple-nuclei
B) Invasion-dispersion
C) Acculturation
D) Invasion-succession
E) Peripheral

Question 38

Montreal's famous St. Laurent Street has, at various times, been home to Jewish, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, and other ethnic groups over the last 100 years. This is an example of which model?

A) Multiple-nuclei
B) Invasion-dispersion
C) Acculturation
D) Invasion-succession
E) Peripheral

Question 39

What is the primary factor that affects the population growth rate of most countries today?

A) The degree of political stability in a country
B) The rate of industrialization in a country
C) The practice of female infanticide
D) The dominant religious beliefs of the society
E) The status of married couples in a country

Question 40

refers to a demographic condition in which 2100 children are born for every 1000 women in the population.

A) Population stagnation
B) Zero population growth
C) Slow population growth
D) Population shrinkage
E) Population instability

Question 41

According to the text, there is no energy shortage now, nor will there ever be, as fossil fuels are not the only source of energy available. Why do conflict theorists argue that these abundant alternative sources are not used?

A) They would be too expensive to use.
B) They are not as efficient as burning fossil fuels.
C) They present a threat to the multinationals' oil monopoly.
D) They are too hard to collect and distribute globally.
E) We do not know if they are harmful to process.

Question 42

The Anti-Malthusians believe that the poorer countries of the world are in the first stage of the demographic transition.

Question 43

What is one element of the "New Environmental Paradigm"?

A) Support political parties in protecting wildlife and rainforests
B) Do not limit growth
C) Maintain the status quo
D) Deregulate risk and responsibility
E) Emphasize foresight and planning

Question 44

In some of the industrialized countries of the world, governments are concerned about population shrinkage.

Question 45

Sociologists have provided evidence that the New Malthusians' projections of world growth trends are more likely to be correct than the projections made by Anti- Malthusians.

Question 46

Which country was the first to withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol in 2011?

A) The United States
B) Canada
C) India
D) China
E) Australia

Question 47

What is the basic concern of the least industrialized nations?

A) To protect the natural environment
B) Global warming
C) To prevent ecosabotage
D) To produce food and housing
E) To save the rainforests

Question 48

In the former Soviet Union, environmental pollution is so severe that .

A) they cannot produce crops on their land
B) a large environmental social movement has emerged
C) the birth rate has decreased
D) the life expectancy of Russians has dropped
E) factories have been shut down for "smog" days

Question 49

How can industrialization enhance people's quality of life?

A) Continue industrializing at full speed
B) Allow businesses to make all environmental decisions
C) Control industrialization's effect on the natural world
D) Continue to develop more new technologies
E) Extract more resources from the natural environment

Question 50

With the rain forests disappearing rapidly, it is believed that _.

A) the media is exaggerating the effects of this problem
B) greedy companies are more concerned with their profits then the environment
C) this will not affect industrialized nations significantly
D) 10 000 plant and animal species become extinct annually
E) this has been halted with the passage of new laws

Question 51

Several ancient civilizations, notably Mesopotamia, have destroyed themselves by:

A) the masses revolting against the leaders.
B) engaging in tribal warfare.
C) relying too much on technology.
D) destroying their environment.
E) not keeping up with technology.

Question 52

The Malthus theorem states that the food supply increases arithmetically while population grows geometrically.

Question 53

Who suffers the most from the effects of pollution?

A) Large corporations
B) Minority groups and the poor
C) Suburbanites
D) Urbanites
E) Environmental justice groups

Question 54

What has had the largest impact on the natural environment?

A) Urbanization
B) Population growth
C) Irrigation
D) Agriculture
E) Industrialization

Question 55

The New Malthusians point out that the world's population is following an exponential growth curve.

Question 56

An example of ecosabotage would be:

A) signing petitions and sending them to local legislators.
B) distributing flyers to create social awareness of environmental issues.
C) chaining yourself to a tree to prevent it being cut down.
D) killing endangered species.
E) participating in a peaceful demonstration.

Question 57

Fish cannot survive in some lakes in Canada and the northeastern United States due to:

A) the greenhouse effect.
B) depletion of the ozone layer.
C) acid rain.
D) global warming.
E) polluted water.

Question 58

What is the main goal of environmental sociology?

A) To create social awareness of environmental issues
B) To stop pollution and discourage the use of nuclear power
C) To analyze the potential physical limits to economic growth
D) To learn how humans and the physical environment affect each other
E) To examine how the man-made environment develops over time

Question 59

What do ecofeminists suggest we do in order to bring about fundamental and radical changes in our environment?

A) Change our way of thinking
B) Search for new technology
C) Enforce environmental laws
D) Stop nuclear power
E) Focus on alternative fuels

Question 60

The first stage of the demographic transition is characterized by a low birth rate and a high death rate.

Question 61

The main reason that people in poor nations have so many children is that the governments have made the use of effective contraceptives illegal.

Question 62

The key to the origin of cities is the development of more efficient agriculture.

Question 63

The fertility rate of Canadian women is the same as that of the average woman in the world.

Question 64

Urbanization refers to a region that consists of a central city surrounded by smaller cities and their suburbs that are connected economically and, sometimes, politically.

Question 65

All the industrialized countries have ratified the Kyoto Protocol.

Question 66

In the least industrialized nations, the more children a woman bears, the more she is thought to have achieved the purpose for which she was born-motherhood.

Question 67

We are using up all of our resources so we may soon run out of energy sources.

Question 68

Industrial growth came at a high cost to the natural environment.

Question 69

The primary factor that influences a country's population growth rate is its rate of industrialization.

Question 70

According to your text, the reason there is starvation is because not enough food is produced in the world.

Question 71

An immigrant is someone who leaves his or her home country.

Question 72

Environmental problems only began with industrialization.

Question 73

Globalization has eliminated millions of manufacturing jobs, locking out many poor people in Canadian cities.

Question 74

The demographic profile of Canada shows the 1941-1951 period with the highest number of births.

Question 75

Poor people in the least industrialized countries consider children economic liabilities.

Question 76

A major problem for the least industrialized nations today is that urbanization is occurring prior to industrialization.

Question 77

Because the basic demographic equation that is used to figure out the growth rate of a country is a simple equation, it is easy for demographers to predict future generations.

Question 78

Today, over four-fifths of Canadians live in cities.

Question 79

Zero population growth occurs when every 1000 women give birth to 2100 children.

Question 80

Feminist theorists believe that the reason poor people have so many children is that men control reproductive choice.