Deck 8: Inequalities of Race and Ethnicity

Question 1

Ellen is the daughter of Edward, who is "black" and Molly, who is "white." In North America she is identified as "black," but in Brazil she is classified as part of their "whiter" categories. What does this example illustrate about race?

A) Race is a social classification.
B) Race is a biological category.
C) Some societies misclassify people.
D) Cultural characteristics are the basis of racial categories.
E) Brazilian classifications are more appropriate than those in North America.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

According to anthropologists Charles Wagley and Marvin Harris, membership in a minority group is .

A) based on education
B) an achieved status
C) an ascribed status
D) based on occupation
E) based on income

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In some societies, negative stereotypes may make it difficult for people from certain groups to find jobs. When others see these individuals standing around not working, this reinforces people's beliefs about the stereotypes. What does this example illustrate?

A) The development of a racist mind
B) A self-fulfilling prophecy
C) In-group solidarity
D) Discrimination
E) The development of deviance

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What do sociologists believe is the key to understanding prejudice?

A) Early development of children
B) The personality of an individual
C) Whether the individual discriminates
D) The factors outside the person
E) The motivations of an individual

Question 5

How do sociologists view races?

A) As social classifications
B) As biological categories
C) As physical differences
D) As genetic categories
E) As cultural groups

Question 6

What is made up of the unemployed who can be put to work during times of high production and then laid off when they are no longer needed?

A) The reserve labour force
B) The back-up resource
C) The set-aside employee pool
D) The dual labour force
E) The split labour market

Question 7

Two men were discussing hockey. One told the other that the team he plays for needs a new goalie. The second answered that he is actually a goalie, and is looking for a team to join. The first man looked uncomfortable, and answered, "I think we are looking for someone a little whiter." What does this example illustrate?

A) Institutional discrimination
B) Institutional prejudice
C) Segregation
D) Individual prejudice
E) Individual discrimination

Question 8

According to conflict theorists, what is created when workers are divided along racial, ethnic, and gender lines as a result of conflict among the groups?

A) A dual labour market
B) A unified labour force
C) A more skilled work force
D) A caste system
E) A reserve labour force

Question 9

Which term refers to the systematic annihilation or attempted annihilation of a people based on their presumed race or ethnicity?

A) Genocide
B) Homicide
C) Matricide
D) Mass murder
E) Population transfer

Question 10

A dominant group refers to a group in a society that .

A) deserves privileged positions
B) has greater education and wealth
C) is singled out for unequal treatment
D) has greater power, privileges, and social status
E) is the numerical majority in a society

Question 11

Which term refers to a formal separation of racial or ethnic groups in public places, such as bathrooms and drinking fountains?

A) Prejudice
B) Harassment
C) Assimilation
D) Segregation
E) Discrimination

Question 12

John recently received his semester grades and found that he had failed two courses. He says the reason he failed the two courses is that they were taught by female professors and everyone knows that women are really not smart enough to teach at the college level. In this example, the female professors are .

A) being discriminated against by John
B) scapegoats and being blamed for John's grades
C) being harassed by John
D) probably not smart enough to teach in a college
E) prejudiced against John because he is male

Question 13

Which term refers to people who identify with one another on the basis of common ancestry and cultural heritage?

A) Familial group
B) Racial category
C) Ethnic group
D) Minority group
E) Cohort

Question 14

Samantha is a sales clerk in a dress shop. She refuses to wait on any Hispanic woman that comes into the shop even if all the other clerks are busy and the woman has to wait until another clerk is free. This is an example of by Samantha.

A) bias
B) individualism
C) prejudice
D) discrimination
E) selfishness

Question 15

Mbali is a black woman who lived in South Africa under apartheid. At that time, she would have been part of which group?

A) Minority group
B) Foreigner group
C) Majority group
D) Traditional group
E) Dominant group

Question 16

According to Adorno, people who possess a[n] believe that things are either right or wrong.

A) low level of education
B) introverted personality
C) high level of education
D) authoritarian personality
E) authoritative role model

Question 17

Louis Wirth defined _ groups as people who are singled out for unequal treatment and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination.

A) subcultural
B) racial
C) ethnic
D) minority
E) cohort

Question 18

Which term refers to the use of labels that cause people to look at members of a group as though they were all alike?

A) Selective perception
B) Discriminating vision
C) Generalized vision
D) Blinded perception
E) Selective interpretation

Question 19

In an experiment conducted by psychologists Muzafer and Carolyn Sherif, boys at a summer camp were assigned different cabins and each cabin competed against the other cabins in sports and for status. What did this experiment illustrate?

A) That it is impossible to create prejudice among friends
B) That prejudice promotes competitiveness
C) That prejudice is functional as it creates in-group solidarity
D) That prejudice is never functional for a group
E) That prejudice is always dysfunctional for a group

Question 20

Which term refers to an attitude or prejudgment, usually in a negative way?

A) Discrimination
B) Eurocentrism
C) Unfair treatment
D) Prejudice
E) Judgmentalism

Question 21

What provoked the "Riel Rebellion" in 1885?

A) Anger at Queen Victoria
B) An American invasion
C) A dispute over land
D) A lack of legal protection for French lands and schools
E) The choice of the name "Manitoba" for the new province

Question 22

Which term refers to a dominant group's exploitation of minority groups?

A) Exclusion
B) Population transfer
C) Unintended subjugation
D) Internal colonialism
E) Segregation

Question 23

The Hutu's attempt to destroy all Tutsis is an example of .

A) acculturation
B) subjugation
C) assimilation
D) segregation
E) genocide

Question 24

In some societies, what is used to absorb a minority group into the mainstream culture by allowing the minority group to adopt the dominant group's patterns in their own way and at their own speed?

A) Acculturation
B) Cultural duplication
C) Multiculturalism
D) Cultural adaptation
E) Permissible assimilation

Question 25

Switzerland is made up of four separate ethnic groups who have kept their own languages but are peacefully united politically and economically. This pattern of intergroup relations is an example of .

A) permissible assimilation
B) cultural adaptation
C) forced assimilation
D) permissible adaptation
E) multiculturalism

Question 26

In some countries, the dominant group exploits their own minority groups by using the social institutions to deny access to all the benefits in the society. What do conflict theorists call this practice?

A) Internal colonialism
B) Indirect colonialism
C) Permissible assimilation
D) Colonialism
E) Forced assimilation

Question 27

Which term is used to describe a labelling process that allows people to separate their acts from feelings that would threaten their self-concept?

A) Subhumanize
B) Compartmentalize
C) Rationalize
D) Departmentalize
E) Justify

Question 28

What are the three categories of Canadians described in the textbook?

A) Native peoples, English, and French
B) Status Indians, Inuit, and Métis
C) English, French, and other ethnic groups
D) Native peoples, the two charter groups, and other ethnic groups
E) Old, middle, and new

Question 29

According to the 2001 census, which ethnic group had the highest rate of unemployment in Canada?

A) Jamaican
B) American
C) Italian
D) French
E) Native/Aboriginal

Question 30

When does "direct population transfer" occur?

A) When people immigrate to Canada
B) When a minority group is integrated
C) When people emigrate from Canada
D) When a minority group is expelled
E) When people immigrate and emigrate

Question 31

In Armenia, prior to the fall of the Soviet Union, Armenian schoolchildren were taught in Russian and the Armenians had to follow Russian holidays. Which term is used to describe this situation?

A) Forced assimilation
B) Cultural lag
C) Population transfer
D) Permissible assimilation
E) Pluralism

Question 32

Where do approximately half of status or registered Indians live?

A) In large cities
B) In small towns
C) On reserves
D) In James Bay
E) In Nunavut

Question 33

How do multiracial feminists view discrimination?

A) As primarily a problem faced by women
B) As complex and based on many statuses
C) As a problem faced only by racial minorities
D) As independent of social class
E) As a result of selective perception

Question 34

In 1965, John Porter described Canada as a , a pyramid in which the apex was composed of one dominant charter group.

A) melting pot
B) hierarchy
C) blended society
D) vertical mosaic
E) horizontal mosaic

Question 35

In the 2001 census, what percentaeg of Canadians reported that they had Aboriginal ancestry?

A) 1
B) 20
C) 10
D) 18
E) 4

Question 36

During the 1960s, Rena took a bus tour of the Southern states. Whenever the passengers stopped for meals or to stay overnight in a hotel, the white passengers ate at separate restaurants and slept at separate hotels than the African-American passengers. This practice is an example of .

A) forced assimilation
B) segregation
C) internal colonialism
D) colonialism
E) population transfer

Question 37

During World War II, the Japanese living in Canada were transferred to relocation camps. Which term describes this act?

A) Indirect population transfer
B) Voluntary population transfer
C) Population redistribution
D) Indirect redistribution
E) Direct population transfer

Question 38

What occurs when life is so unbearable for members of a minority that they leave "voluntarily"?

A) Population redistribution
B) Indirect population transfer
C) Indirect displacement
D) Voluntary population transfer
E) Direct population transfer

Question 39

Native Canadians have been afflicted by about forced removals since Confederation.

A) 50
B) 0
C) 100
D) 1200
E) 150

Question 40

The death of Maurice Duplessis and his replacement by Paul Sauvé started what has become known as the Revolution.

A) Quiet
B) British
C) New
D) French
E) Minority

Question 41

Ethnicity refers to biological characteristics that distinguish one group of people from another.

Question 42

Franz Fanon studied how language plays a role in shaping the consciousness of colonized people. He is associated with which theory?

A) Conflict
B) Postcolonialism
C) Functionalism
D) Postmodernism
E) Critical race

Question 43

Which term refers to discrimination that is woven into the fabric of society and that shows up in social policy?

A) Institutional discrimination
B) Individual discrimination
C) Political discrimination
D) Attitudinal discrimination
E) Legislative discrimination

Question 44

Multiculturalism is also known as .

A) a melting pot
B) assimilation
C) pluralism
D) the vertical mosaic
E) segregation

Question 45

According the Metta Spencer, what has been the experience of many immigrants moving to and living in Canada?

A) Their economic experience has fallen short of their expectations.
B) They have a difficult time adapting to the weather.
C) They find Canada to be a friendly country.
D) They are impressed by the natural beauty of our wilderness.
E) Their hopes and dreams are exceeded upon coming to Canada.

Question 46

What was the main result of the "Quiet Revolution" in Quebec?

A) The secularization of Quebec
B) Sovereignty association
C) The separation of Quebec from the rest of Canada
D) The abandonment of the "French only" language initiative
E) Increased control by the Catholic Church

Question 47

A sense of belonging may centre on nation of origin, distinctive foods, dress, language: in other words, one's ethnicity.

Question 48

Based on the 2001 census, the majority of Canadians are of what ancestry?

A) English
B) French
C) Italian
D) Both English and French
E) Neither English nor French

Question 49

The term minority group refers to a group that is small in number within a given society.

Question 50

Claude's father is a French Canadian and his mother is a Native Canadian. What does this make Claude?

A) Inuit
B) A status Indian
C) A registered Indian
D) Métis
E) Aboriginal

Question 51

John Porter believes that .

A) talking about social class has decreased social class barriers
B) even talking about social class is largely unproductive
C) our education system holds the key to breaking down social class barriers
D) the education system slowly erodes stereotypes and prejudices
E) our education system perpetuates status and privilege on the basis of class

Question 52

The physical or cultural traits that distinguish minorities are held in low esteem by the dominant group.

Question 53

Multicultural feminism argues that:

A) Canada allows too many new immigrants and refugees into the country.
B) white men and women discriminate against men and women of disadvantaged races.
C) people are discriminated based on race and ethnicity more than gender.
D) the Canadian government discriminates against new immigrants that are women more than men.
E) women, irrespective of their race or ethnicity, are victims of discrimination.

Question 54

According to sociologists, races are social classifications, not true biological categories.

Question 55

Minorities tend to marry outside their group.

Question 56

Most Canadians do not realize that our citizenship is a relatively new achievement. Until which year were Canadians considered British subjects?

A) 1966
B) 1936
C) 1956
D) 1946
E) 1980

Question 57

Part 2 of the Constitution Act (1982) recognizes which group[s]?

A) Inuit
B) Métis.
C) Native Indians
D) Both Inuit and Native Indians, but not Métis
E) Inuit, Métis, and Native Indians

Question 58

A Canadian businessman who does not hire a person to work in his company because that person is black is practicing institutional discrimination.

Question 59

Discrimination is a prejudgment that some groups are inferior.

Question 60

Discrimination is often the result of an attitude called prejudice.

Question 61

The system of reserves for Canada's Native peoples is an example of external colonialism.

Question 62

Symbolic interactionists stress that the labels people use to designate racial and ethnic groups cause selective perception, which results in people seeing certain things and being blind to others.

Question 63

Sociological explanations of prejudice usually focus on factors outside of the personality of the individual.

Question 64

Stereotypes have no basis in fact and rarely, if ever, do people act according to how they are depicted in stereotypes.

Question 65

The British government realized that if they lost the war with their American colonists, they could lose it all, and passed the Quebec Act of 1774, extending extraordinary rights to the newly conquered French Catholic colonists.

Question 66

Assimilation is the process by which a minority group is forced to adopt the culture of the dominant group.

Question 67

One major issue facing Canadians is the persistent demand for increased political autonomy, if not outright independence, of Quebec from Canada.

Question 68

In 1953, southern Canadian bureaucrats dispatched 10 ill-equipped Inuit families mostly from Quebec to a life of northern hardship in a bleak and inhospitable environment, under the cover of an experiment to determine whether the Inuit could survive when reunited with a wilderness environment.

Question 69

Marxist feminists clearly point to men as being the major cause behind the exploitation of women.

Question 70

Institutional discrimination is the negative treatment of a minority group that is built into a society's institutions.

Question 71

Direct population transfer occurs when members of a minority group "voluntarily" leave an area.

Question 72

Canadians in the future will have to face the challenges of racial and ethnic diversity.

Question 73

Individuals who possess an authoritarian personality believe that things are either right or wrong.

Question 74

Status and non-status Indians make up the two "charter-groups" in Canadian society.

Question 75

According to conflict theorists, when a dominant group uses a society's social institutions to exploit its own minority groups, internal colonialism occurs in that society.

Question 76

Kathleen Blee observed that racism is often not the cause of someone joining a racist group.

Question 77

The boys' summer camp study conducted by Muzafer and Carolyn Sherif illustrates the importance of the social environment in either fostering or reducing prejudice.

Question 78

According to postmodernists, only those who directly experience racism and discrimination can understand what it means to be "black," "brown," and so on.